⊙ By Travis Knight

翻譯：思葦

KUBO AND THE TWO STRINGS:A JOURNEY THAT WE ALL GO THRORGH

《魔弦傳說》：我們走過的成長(zhǎng)之旅

⊙ By Travis Knight

翻譯：思葦

今年開年上映的第一部動(dòng)畫片是《魔弦傳說》。這部定格動(dòng)畫（stop-motion animation）是美國(guó)萊卡動(dòng)畫工作室花了五年時(shí)間才完成的心血力作，講述了一個(gè)名叫久保的少年面對(duì)步步逼近的巨大危機(jī)，踏上尋找父親留下的秘寶的旅途。這種史詩式的冒險(xiǎn)故事一直被認(rèn)為是定格動(dòng)畫幾乎不可能做到的題材，那么大屏幕上那些充滿東方風(fēng)情的驚人畫面又是怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)的呢？一起來聽本片導(dǎo)演講講幕后的故事吧！

Host:While the Disney and Pixar brands have becomesynonymouswith[同義]blockbuster[賣座電影]animated[動(dòng)畫的]films, the small Portland-based studio behind Kubo has been quietly making its mark. Since it was founded a decade ago, Laika Entertainment has earned three Oscar nods for animation for its films Coraline, ParaNorman and The Boxtrolls. The head of Laika is Travis Knight. Give us some of the basics of stop-motion animation 101. Like, when I look at this little character of Kubo, is he a plastic model, a clay model?

Travis Knight(Director):He’s a littlepuppet[人偶]. The basic way it works is that you have a puppet. They have a steelarmature[支架], which is, like, a little skeleton inside their body. And they’re covered with asilicon[硅]skin. And, you know, they have cloth costumes. And in a lot of ways, it’s like a live-action production house. It’s justin miniature[小型]. We still have the same departments. We have, you know, costuming and hair. And then we…you know, we move these things aframe[畫面]at a time.And the thing that we’ve done differently at Laika is that we try tomerge[混合]technology and forward-thinkinginnovation[創(chuàng)新]with this hundred-year-old art andcraft[工藝]. And it’s thatfusion[融合]of those things that makes the productions look so interesting, I believe.

Host:Western animation—I mean, cinema in general, frankly—doesn’t have the best reputation in terms of representing Asian countries and cultures. And so, like, when you’re trying to set a story in a place like Japan, how do you walk that line of, kind of, staying true to the atmosphere and the sense of place without falling intostereotypes[刻板形象]?

Travis:For the first two, three years of a project, all we’re doing is developing thescript[腳本], the story, the characters, the world. And as part of that process, you are, you know, diving really deep intoregional[地區(qū)的]and historical research to make sure that you’re grounding your fairytale in the real world. You know, for me, I was eight years old when I was first introduced to Japan. Itagged along[尾隨]with my dad on one of his business trips to Japan. And from the moment I set foot there, it was like I’d been transported to another world. It was so completely different than anything that I’d ever experienced. And so for me, that was the beginning of a love affair…well, a lifelong love affair.

Host:How old were you when you first started working with any kind of crafts or doing art?

Travis:Yeah, I’ve been doing it my whole life. I was a fairly lonely kid growing up. And, you know, a lot of that time spent alone I was creating. I was writing stories. I was making music. And it was just a way of expressing myself. It’s something I’ve always beendrawn to[吸引到].

Host:Is it me, or do you and Kubo have a lot in common? That childhood soundsoddly[奇妙地]familiar.

Travis:We do have a lot in common. He’s an artist. He’s a musician. He’s a storyteller. He’s an animator, really, when you think about the way he brings these things to life.

Host:And lonely.

Travis:And lonely. And the…you know, the center of his universe is his mother, and that was true for me as well. And this film, you know, explores that time in our lives when those things begin to shift and thenirrevocably[不能挽回地]change, when we crossthe Rubicon[界線]from childhood to adulthood and the things that we gain and the things that we leave behind along the way, which can often be bittersweet. But it is a fundamental journey that we all go through.CY

Give us some of the basics of stop-motion animation 101.

在美國(guó)大學(xué)課程系統(tǒng)中，編號(hào)101的課程一般是指某個(gè)專業(yè)開設(shè)的、面向入門者的基礎(chǔ)課程。后來，人們常用“名詞+101”這種搭配來表示某方面的入門知識(shí)或者基本竅門，如：I think you really need to learn more aboutjob search 101. （我覺得你確實(shí)需要多掌握一點(diǎn)求職基本功。）

主持人：盡管迪士尼與皮克斯兩大品牌已經(jīng)成為賣座動(dòng)畫片的同義詞，少年久保背后這家位于美國(guó)波特蘭市的小工作室也低調(diào)地闖出了一番天地。成立已有十年的萊卡娛樂公司憑借他們的《鬼媽媽》《通靈男孩諾曼》和《盒子怪》三度獲得奧斯卡動(dòng)畫部門的肯定。特拉維斯·奈特是萊卡動(dòng)畫“掌門人”。給我們講講定格動(dòng)畫的入門基礎(chǔ)吧，比如我看到久保這個(gè)小男孩，他是塑膠模型嗎，還是黏土模型？

特拉維斯·奈特（導(dǎo)演）：他是個(gè)小偶人。定格動(dòng)畫的基本原理就是你得有個(gè)偶人，它里面有個(gè)鋼制支架，就像是它體內(nèi)的一副小骨架，外面是硅膠皮膚。你瞧，偶人也要穿衣服。從很多方面來說，動(dòng)畫工作室就和真人攝影廠差不多，只是規(guī)模比較小罷了。我們也有同樣的制作部門，也有服裝和發(fā)型什么的。然后……你瞧，我們要移動(dòng)這些拍攝對(duì)象，一次拍一個(gè)畫面。在萊卡這里，我們有個(gè)與眾不同的做法，就是嘗試將科學(xué)技術(shù)、前沿創(chuàng)新與這種上百年的手藝結(jié)合在一起。正是這幾大要素的混搭讓我們的成品看起來那么有趣，我是這么認(rèn)為的。

主持人：西方動(dòng)畫——我的意思是，老實(shí)說，西方電影從整體而言，在如何表現(xiàn)亞洲國(guó)家與亞洲文化這一方面的名聲一直不怎么好。因此，當(dāng)你要將故事設(shè)定在一個(gè)像日本這樣的地方，你是如何保持平衡的呢？如何做到既能真實(shí)還原當(dāng)?shù)氐姆諊c感覺，又不會(huì)落入刻板俗套呢？

特拉維斯：在一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的頭兩三年，我們要做的就是埋頭設(shè)計(jì)劇本、故事、人物，以及背景。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，你要對(duì)故事發(fā)生地進(jìn)行深入的地區(qū)及歷史研究，確保你的童話故事能以真實(shí)世界作為基礎(chǔ)。你瞧，對(duì)我來說，我在八歲那年第一次接觸到日本文化。當(dāng)時(shí)我爸爸經(jīng)常到日本出差，有一次把我也捎上了。我第一次踏足那片土地時(shí)，那種感覺就像一下子被帶到另外一個(gè)世界似的，和我之前經(jīng)歷過的所有東西都不一樣。所以，對(duì)我來說，那就是迷戀日本的開始，這是一種延續(xù)一生的熱愛。

主持人：你是幾歲開始玩手工、搞藝術(shù)的呢？

特拉維斯：你瞧，我這一輩子都在搞藝術(shù)。從小到大，我一直是個(gè)很孤獨(dú)的孩子，大部分獨(dú)處的時(shí)間都在搞創(chuàng)作。我會(huì)寫故事，也會(huì)創(chuàng)作音樂。這一直是我表達(dá)自己的方式，我對(duì)此情有獨(dú)鐘。

主持人：只有我是這么想的嗎，還是說你和久保確實(shí)有很多共同點(diǎn)？這個(gè)童年聽起來有點(diǎn)耳熟啊。

特拉維斯：我們確實(shí)有很多共同點(diǎn)。他是個(gè)藝術(shù)家、音樂家，還會(huì)講故事——你想想他是怎么讓那些小折紙動(dòng)起來的，從這一點(diǎn)來說，他簡(jiǎn)直是個(gè)動(dòng)畫師。

主持人：他還很孤單。

特拉維斯：他很孤單。而且……你瞧，對(duì)久保來說，媽媽就是整個(gè)世界的中心，對(duì)我來說也一樣。這部電影探討的是我們?nèi)松倪@么一個(gè)階段，各種事情開始發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，最后徹底變樣，不可挽回。我們?cè)竭^界線，從少年長(zhǎng)大成人，一路上得到了一些東西，將另外一些東西拋諸腦后——這常常是一個(gè)苦樂參半的過程，但也是我們所有人都要經(jīng)歷的一段重要旅程。