劉元媛
An Overview of Big Data Application in Recent Researches
Yuan-Yuan Liu
(School of Management, Guizhou University)
【摘要】本文通過將“Big Data”作為搜索關鍵詞在Elsevier進行站內搜索,對2017年初最新發(fā)表的學術文章對于大數(shù)據的運用研究進行了文獻綜述,以期在現(xiàn)有大數(shù)據運用領域的基礎上,展示大數(shù)據運用的最新成果和未來發(fā)展方向。
【關鍵詞】大數(shù)據 大數(shù)據特征 大數(shù)據運用
【ABSTRACT】In order to present the latest academic researches on application of Big Data, this paper employs ‘Big Data as a keyword in the internal site search of Elsevier to find out publications in the early 2017 about Big Data applications, and presents some of the results. In addition to existing Big Data applications, this paper aims at providing with an overview of recent Big Data applications in new areas and trends for the future researches of Big Data application.
【Keywords】Big Data, characteristics of Big Data, applications of Big Data
1.大數(shù)據
我們正處于大數(shù)據時代。2013年已被專家學者定義為大數(shù)據元年。當摩爾定律向人們展示集成電路上容納的晶體管數(shù)大約每隔18個月就要增加一倍,性能提升一倍時,我們每個人都成為了這個信息爆炸時代大數(shù)據的生產者,也應合理運用和保護大數(shù)據,從而使我們成為大數(shù)據的受益者。目前我國已在政府治理、企業(yè)管理、電子商務、智能交通、食品安全、智慧旅游、環(huán)保、醫(yī)療等諸多領域對大數(shù)據開展深入挖掘和運用。
2.大數(shù)據特征
大數(shù)據特征已由最早的3Vs、 4Vs擴展為5Vs, 即Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity及Value。 Volume, 海量數(shù)據。與傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據量相比,大數(shù)據的量更大,有多大?大到硬件難以儲存,難以復制,難以管理。爆炸式增長的數(shù)據量可由TB, 增至PB,甚至EB。Variety,多樣性。與傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據相比,大數(shù)據不再是簡單的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據,而是包含結構化(structured)及非結構化(unstructured)的各種形態(tài)數(shù)據。Velocity,時效性。大數(shù)據更強調對數(shù)據處理的及時性,以及Veracity,準確性,海量數(shù)據處理結果的準確性。Value,價值。大數(shù)據不僅是量大,而更強調對數(shù)據背后信息的深度挖掘和廣泛運用從而創(chuàng)造價值。
3.大數(shù)據在科研領域的最新運用
本文通過對2017年初Elsevier收錄的國際核心期刊SCI中所發(fā)表大數(shù)據運用文章進行文獻綜述,以期為國內學者在大數(shù)據運用領域及未來發(fā)展方向提供參考。Conde-Clemente et al. (2017) 將大數(shù)據運用于語言學以探索“知識表示”(Knowledge Generation)以及人類語言認知。Zhang et al. (2017) 將大數(shù)據運用于克服“清潔生產”(Cleaner Production, CP)障礙。Xie et al. (2017) 豐富了科研大數(shù)據的內涵,該研究通過將土地空間數(shù)據、土壤數(shù)據、DEM、氣候數(shù)據和社會經濟數(shù)據串聯(lián)起來,設置為該研究的特殊“大數(shù)據”數(shù)據樣本,從而探討影響生態(tài)用地變化的因素。Forkan et al.(2017)在識別臨床危險方面,大數(shù)據令人鼓舞,該研究利用混合特征空間證明生命體征大數(shù)據中存在判別模式,能夠提前識別嚴重的臨床危險。Wu et al.(2017)將大數(shù)據轉換成可管理規(guī)模,研究其對供應鏈風險和不確定性的影響。Roh(2017)將大數(shù)據分析用于關鍵詞分析和觀點分析找出韓國公眾對核能的態(tài)度。Hopp and J. Vargo (2017)利用大數(shù)據分析在社交媒體推特(Twitter)上的運用,以找出負面政治廣告和政治不文明行為之間的關系,發(fā)現(xiàn)經濟地位是該關系的語境條件。Janvrin and Weidenmier Waston (2017)認為:即使在大數(shù)據時代,會計的主要目標仍然是為內部和外部決策者提供決策依據,而sledgianowski et al.(2017)將大數(shù)據和信息系統(tǒng)整合成會計教學資源的分析單元。
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