瑞士鳥類研究所訪客中心，森帕赫，瑞士

Visitor Center of the Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland, 2015

建筑設(shè)計(jì): :mlzd建筑事物所Architects: :mlzd

1 訪客中心位于森帕赫湖畔，多邊形的建筑物與環(huán)境相融合/ The visitor center is situated at lake Sempach, the position of the polygonal building parts refer to the surrounding

瑞士鳥類研究所的新訪客中心坐落于森帕赫湖畔，臨近盧塞恩。它的目的是向公眾更好地展示鳥類研究所在自然鳥類的研究和保護(hù)中所做的工作。

訪客將穿過(guò)交織在展覽區(qū)和湖畔建筑之間的動(dòng)態(tài)而平衡的步行道。兩個(gè)緊湊的多邊形體量是對(duì)地段周邊湖區(qū)景觀的回應(yīng)。兩個(gè)體量之間的空間形成一個(gè)寬敞的門廳，從這里可通往所有展區(qū)。門廳盡頭的觀賞鳥籠形成了室內(nèi)外空間的流暢過(guò)渡。

除了展覽空間外，建筑中還包括一座電影院、工作及研討空間、一個(gè)為訪問(wèn)研究者提供的小居住單元。

瑞士鳥類研究所訪客中心是第三座在立面上使用預(yù)制夯土構(gòu)件的大規(guī)模項(xiàng)目。這種不會(huì)因氣候條件而變化的預(yù)制構(gòu)件帶來(lái)了廣泛的好處，例如實(shí)地施工的效率提升和時(shí)間的縮減。35cm或45cm厚的夯土墻是自承重的，立面背后是承重混凝土框架。

建筑另一個(gè)突出特征是使用了考登鋼窗框，它是與夯土立面同時(shí)安裝的。窗框和窗戶都錨固在夯土構(gòu)件之中。□ （黃華青 譯）

2 訪客中心位于森帕赫湖畔，多邊形的建筑物與環(huán)境相融合/The visitor center is situated at lake Sempach, the position of the polygonal building parts refer to the surrounding

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: :mlzd (Biel, Switzerland)

客戶/Client: 瑞士鳥類研究所/Swiss Ornithological Institute (Sempach, Switzerland)

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: Claude Marbach, Julia Wurst, Pat Tanner, Daniele Di Giacinto, Roman Lehmann, Amelie Braun, Katharina Kleczka, Marlies Rosenberger, Regina Tadorian, Johannes Weisser, Samuel Wespe, Miriam Zenk

木結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Engineering Timber Construction: Pirmin Jung Ingenieure (Rain, Switzerland)

土結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Engineering Solid Construction: WAM Planer und Ingenieure (Bern, Switzerland)

建筑面積/Floor Area: 2060m2

夯土/Rammed Earth: 1240m2, 1130t

建設(shè)周期/Construction Phase: 2013-2014

攝影/Photos: Alexander Jaquemet (fig.1,8-10), Benedikt Redmann (fig.2)

3 總平面/Site plan

4 一層平面/Floor 0 plan

5 縱剖面/Longitudinal section

The new visitor center of the Swiss ornithological station is situated on the banks of the Sempach Lake, close to Luzern. It is supposed to give the public a better insight to the work of the ornithological station in research and maintenance of the native bird species.

The visitor is guided by a dynamically balanced network of pathways through the exhibition and the lakeside property. The situation of the two compact, polygonal forms refer to the position in the surrounding landscape and the lake. The intermediate space between the two buildings becomes a generous foyer, allowing access to all parts of the exhibition. The show aviary at the end of the foyer forms the fluent transition from the interior to exterior.

In addition to the exhibition space the complex includes a cinema, working and seminar space, and a small living unit for guest researchers.

The Visitor Center of the Swiss Ornithological Institute is already the third large-scale project with a fa?ade made of prefabricated rammed earth elements. A pre-production which is not subject to changes in weather conditions offers a wide range of advantages such as the increase of efficiency and the reduction of the actual construction time on site. The 35 or 45 cm thick walls are self-supporting and stand in front of the load-bearing concrete skeleton structure.

Another extraordinary feature is the Corten steel window frames, which were installed together with the rammed-earth fa?ade. The frames and the windows are both anchored in the rammed earth components.□

6 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

7 橫剖面/Cross section

評(píng)論

穆鈞：與利口樂草藥中心相比，該項(xiàng)目對(duì)于外圍護(hù)夯土墻在形式、功能、洞口開設(shè)等方面提出了更高的要求，而這些通過(guò)馬丁團(tuán)隊(duì)日益成熟的預(yù)制夯土技術(shù)得到了更為從容的回應(yīng)。根據(jù)所在部位的不同，預(yù)制夯土單元具有更為多樣的內(nèi)部強(qiáng)化構(gòu)造和倒角形式，以滿足多種結(jié)構(gòu)和構(gòu)造連接的需要。在夯土材料的改良方面，馬丁依然堅(jiān)持僅利用土砂石級(jí)配，而拒絕添加化學(xué)改性劑的環(huán)保理念，并通過(guò)建筑及構(gòu)造設(shè)計(jì)的途徑克服或規(guī)避材料在力學(xué)和耐水性能方面的相對(duì)缺陷。例如，夯土墻頂部采用金屬板下彎且輕微挑出的壓頂形式，有效地避免了雨水順流對(duì)墻體的破壞；門窗洞口上部直接采用底部配筋的夯土單元作為洞口過(guò)梁，而后置的金屬窗套可有效地避免雨水對(duì)洞口周邊夯土的侵蝕。在利用夯土材料特性和預(yù)制夯土施工技術(shù)特點(diǎn)的過(guò)程中，自然形成了與之相應(yīng)的設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言。

8 連接各個(gè)部分的門廊/Foyer connecting both building parts

Comments

MU Jun:In comparison to Ricola Kr?uterzentrum, this project has higher requirements for the rammed-earth wall enclosure in terms of forms, functions and openings, which are readily responded to with the increasingly mature rammed earth prefabrication technology from Martin's team. Depending on their locations, prefabricated rammed earth units have diversified internal reinforcement and chamfering forms to meet various structural and tectonic connection requirements. With respect to earthen material enhancement, Martin insists on an environmentalism where only earth and graded sand are used without chemical modifiers. The material's weaknesses in mechanical performance and water resistance are overcome or avoided by means of architectural and tectonic designs. For instance, metal plates that bend downwards with a slight overhang are used at the earthen wall top for capping, which effectively protects the wall from dripping rainwater damage. Rammed-earth units reinforced at the bottom serve as lintels for door and window openings, and mounted metal window surrounds can protect the rammed earth around the openings from rainwater erosion. A design language is spontaneously developed during the process which takes advantages of the earthen material's properties and prefabricated rammed-earth construction technology. (Translated by SHANG Jin)

9 夯土和玻璃的連接/Detail view on connection rammed earth and glass

10 通往湖岸階地的出口/Exit to the lake terrace