建筑設計：孔特-皮亞內蒂-薩內塔建筑事務所

梅扎納農業(yè)學校，科爾德雷里奧，瑞士

建筑設計：孔特-皮亞內蒂-薩內塔建筑事務所

1 現存教學區(qū)內的新建綜合體/The new building complex supplements the existing school area

梅扎納農業(yè)學校的新校址處在一片0.5km2的農田中，其中還保留了一些老農舍。一棟古樸的玫瑰色別墅大約有100年的歷史，是新建綜合體的核心建筑，也將作為全新“城市系統”形成的發(fā)生器。新的學校功能分解為3棟較小的建筑，使用了夯土工藝建造。這一組新校舍建筑還包括一個庭院，它可以從各個側面進入，作為交通空間及休憩沉思的場所，也成為整座學校的中心。

建筑的空間分布形成了一個由廣場、廊道和樓梯組成的體系，體現了來自盧加諾的孔特-皮亞內蒂-薩內塔建筑事務所的設計目的，即重建門德里西奧周邊典型景觀中豐盈和空閑之間的平衡。

梅扎納農業(yè)學校的建造使用了相對較大尺度的夯土預制技術。這一材料的選擇不僅是一項技術挑戰(zhàn)和創(chuàng)新，而且還有一層形而上的意義：從土壤中生長而出的建筑概念，與農業(yè)學校的身份相契合，而土壤管理也恰恰是學校中教授的內容。

以生土作為建筑的主要材料，與建筑概念緊密結合，從競賽的初始就得到孔特-皮亞內蒂-薩內塔事務所的大力支持。如此一座優(yōu)雅而莊嚴的夯土建筑，墻厚30cm，但夯土墻并不作為支撐結構：它固定在一個由工業(yè)磚和清水混凝土屋頂組成的穩(wěn)定的結構框架上。夯土構件是在福拉爾貝格的一座工廠中預制、烘干的，其加工生產線長達18m，加工花費了8個月的時間。接著它們就被運送到位于提契諾的建筑工地中，用8個星期的時間由一臺起重機拼裝起來，墻體總面積930m2，使用生土總量為280m3。□（黃華青 譯）

2 現存教學區(qū)內的新建綜合體/The new building complex supplements the existing school area

3 總平面/Site plan

The new building of the cantonal agricultural school in Mezzana is part of a 50-hectares agricultural land, on which older farm buildings still stand. The approximately 100-year-old villa plastered in old rose is the central building of the new citadel and as such plays the generator role of the new "urban system" in the making. The new school program was broken down into three smallsize buildings built out of the massive rammed earth technique. The project of the new teaching buildings includes an additional court, which is accessible from all sides and, serving as distribution space and area for meditation, becomes the heart of the school building.

The spatial distribution of the building, which leads to a system of squares, corridors and stairways, reflects the desire of the architects Conte Pianetti Zanetta from Lugano to recreate the balance between fullness and emptiness typical of the landscape around Mendrisio.

4 新綜合體的中心區(qū)/Central square of the new complex of buildings

The construction of this school of agriculture in Mezzana applies on a relatively large scale a rammed-earth heavy prefabrication system. But the choice is not just one of technical challenge and innovation, but also a philosophical assumption: to an agricultural school fits the idea of a building arising out of the ground, the management of which is taught here.

The choice of earth as a main building material was therefore closely associated with the concept of the project and strongly supported by the architects Conte Pianetti Zanetta since the very beginning of the competition. Such a beautiful and imposing masonry work with a thickness of 30cm does not bear the structure though: it is fixed to a static frame of industrial bricks and concrete ceilings left untreated. The rammedearth elements were prefabricated and dried in a factory building in Vorarlberg in eight months of work on a production line of 18 m length. They were then transported to the building site in Ticino and mounted within eight weeks with a crane, for an overall wall surface of 930m2and a volume of 280m3of earth.□

5 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

評論

蔣培銘：夯土墻是具有幾千年悠久歷史的傳統建筑工藝，曾經在世界各地得到廣泛的應用。但是，隨著時代的發(fā)展，幾乎銷聲匿跡。從我們這個時代來看，更加顯得稀缺與新奇。梅扎納農業(yè)學校的設計，不再是簡單的重復夯土墻這種工藝，而是繼承并創(chuàng)新了這種技術，并很好地詮釋了學校文化的特征，這就是農業(yè)與土地的關聯。其實，我們從學校的建筑布局就可以看到，整體建筑的關系似乎是村落農舍的自然關系，而建筑造型不斷穿插的夯土墻，更是讓我們難以忘卻的對土地的親切感受與記憶。農業(yè)學校的設計，不是形式上的牽強附會，而是建筑師對學校的內涵進行了深思熟慮的思考，投入了極大的熱情與感情，才恰如其分地找到了學校的主題。這是學校所需要的精神，這也是建筑師真正的情懷所致。

6 剖面/Section

項目信息/Credits and Data

建筑設計/Architects: 孔特-皮亞內蒂-薩內塔建筑事務所/ Conte Pianetti Zanetta Architetti (Carabbia, Switzerland)

客戶/Client: 提契諾州政府/Government of the canton Ticino (Bellinzona, Switzerland)

項目經理/Project Manager: Michele Zanetta

結構工程/Structural Engineer: Eraldo Pianetti (Mendrisio, Switzerland)

建筑面積/Floor Area: 1975m2

夯土/Rammed Earth: 930m2, 650t

建設周期/Construction Phase: 2010-2012

攝影/Photos: Bruno Klomfar(fig.1-2,4), Benedikt Redmann(fig.7, 9)

7 外景/Exterior view

8 構造細部/Structural features

9 中心區(qū)外景/Exterior view in the central square

Comments

JIANG Peiming:Rammed-earth wall is a millennia-old traditional construction technique extensively used all over the world. However, the technique is disappearing as time elapses, and, from our contemporary standpoint, it is increasingly rare and exotic. The design of Mezzana Agricultural School is not a simple repetition, but rather an adaptation and innovation of the technique of rammed-earth wall, as well as an interpretation of the school's philosophy, i.e. the interconnection between agriculture and land. In fact, as we can see from the school building layout, the overall architectural relationship appears a natural one in harmony with surrounding village farmhouses. The repeating rammed-earth walls throughout the architectural form symbolize our unforgettable intimacy and nostalgia of the land. The design of the agricultural school is not a superficially formal adaptation but rather the architect's deep and thorough reflections of the school's characteristics. It is with tremendous passion and deliberate considerations that an appropriate theme was found for the school. This is the very spirit that the school needs, and a manifestation of the architect's devotion. (Translated by SHANG Jin)

Mezzana Agricultural College, Coldrerio, Switzerland, 2012

Architects: Conte Pianetti Zanetta Architetti