基于歷史地圖數(shù)字化分析的城市空間特色演進研究

張赫，陳天，程功，等

推薦論文摘要

基于歷史地圖數(shù)字化分析的城市空間特色演進研究

張赫，陳天，程功，等

針對傳統(tǒng)研究中城市空間演變的歷史階段劃分依據(jù)和方法的問題，利用城市歷史地圖數(shù)字化后的資料平臺，運用緊湊度指數(shù)、空間整合度指數(shù)和分形指數(shù)的相關(guān)原理，基于GIS、空間句法等相關(guān)技術(shù)，對城市建成區(qū)范圍、路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)、街區(qū)肌理等典型系統(tǒng)的空間演變過程進行定量化的數(shù)字模擬分析，探尋城市空間演變中不同系統(tǒng)的幾何或數(shù)字邏輯關(guān)系與城市空間整體格局變化的關(guān)聯(lián)，進而確定城市空間特色的自組織規(guī)律節(jié)點。并以天津中心城區(qū)為例，實證了相關(guān)方法在城市空間演變歷史階段劃分中的應(yīng)用。

歷史地圖轉(zhuǎn)譯；城市空間特色；矢量數(shù)字分析；演進階段

來源出版物:城市發(fā)展研究, 2013, 20(7): 11-16

社會沖突、利益博弈與歷史街區(qū)更新改造——以廣州市恩寧路為例

謝滌湘，朱雪梅

摘要:隨著我國城市文化經(jīng)濟、遺產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展、社會利益多元化與社會治理結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)型，歷史街區(qū)的更新正面臨新的機遇與挑戰(zhàn)，傳統(tǒng)的“自上而下”“片面追求經(jīng)濟發(fā)展”的更新改造模式已明顯不能適應(yīng)新時期需要。本文以廣州市恩寧路為例，探討了歷史街區(qū)更新改造轉(zhuǎn)型中的社會沖突和利益博弈，分析了各社會行動者在歷史街區(qū)更新中所扮演的角色，并指出因應(yīng)“市民社會”的發(fā)展、城市治理的轉(zhuǎn)型，歷史街區(qū)的更新需要充分而有效的公眾參與，以保障各利益相關(guān)者合法權(quán)益，而公眾參與的發(fā)展，也有利于“市民社會”的成熟發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞:歷史街區(qū)；更新；沖突；利益博弈；恩寧路來源出版物:城市發(fā)展研究, 2014, (3): 86-92

歷史文化街區(qū)保護中的交通安寧化

卓健

摘要:歷史文化街區(qū)是我國城市遺產(chǎn)保護工作的重要層次和關(guān)鍵，其街巷空間大多形成于小汽車使用之前，因此并不適于機動交通通行。在當(dāng)前快速機動化的背景下，小汽車交通的增長對歷史文化街區(qū)的保護帶來了沖擊，機動交通組織成為街區(qū)保護必須正視的問題，但通用的道路交通規(guī)劃設(shè)計或街區(qū)步行化都難以滿足歷史街區(qū)長效保護的要求。為此，借鑒歐洲城市交通安寧化的實踐經(jīng)驗和并結(jié)合其最新進展，澄清我國在交通安寧化理念上的一些認識偏差，選取巴黎內(nèi)城這一歷史中心城區(qū)作為案例具體說明安寧化措施的運用。最后，探討這一政策措施應(yīng)用于我國歷史街區(qū)保護的可行性以及需要注意的特殊問題。

關(guān)鍵詞:歷史文化街區(qū)；交通安寧化；小汽車交通；安寧化街區(qū)；步行區(qū)；巴黎

來源出版物:城市規(guī)劃學(xué)刊, 2014, (4): 71-79

文化規(guī)劃主導(dǎo)下的城市老工業(yè)區(qū)保護與更新

李和平，肖瑤

摘要:研究針對當(dāng)前我國工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)保護與更新過程中老工業(yè)區(qū)被大面積拆除、工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)整體性價值被忽視等問題，探討了文化規(guī)劃在城市建設(shè)中的價值及其對老工業(yè)區(qū)，保護與更新的現(xiàn)實意義，提出以文化規(guī)劃為指導(dǎo)進行工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)保護與更新的主張，并以重慶鋼鐵廠老工業(yè)區(qū)城市設(shè)計為例，從文化資源評估、文化規(guī)劃內(nèi)容綱要和文化規(guī)劃空間實踐三個方面提供老工業(yè)區(qū)文化規(guī)劃的實施方向，希望為解決我國城市老工業(yè)區(qū)改造問題提供思路。

關(guān)鍵詞:文化規(guī)劃；老工業(yè)區(qū)；保護與更新

來源出版物:規(guī)劃師, 2014, (7): 40-44

歷史公園保護與發(fā)展策略

周向頻，劉曦婷

摘要:歷史公園擁有的遺產(chǎn)價值已得到越來越廣泛的認知。與古典園林遺產(chǎn)不同，歷史公園還具有當(dāng)代的使用功能，需要兼顧保護與改造的雙重目標。英國邱園（英國皇家植物園）是第二個世界遺產(chǎn)保護的專類歷史公園，其制定的遺產(chǎn)保護管理規(guī)劃，不僅保護強化了邱園的遺產(chǎn)價值，也實現(xiàn)了邱園在當(dāng)代社會的角色轉(zhuǎn)型。在梳理邱園250年發(fā)展歷程的基礎(chǔ)上，分析邱園遺產(chǎn)保護與管理規(guī)劃的內(nèi)容，探討邱園保護與發(fā)展策略的成功之處，為我國歷史公園的保護提供參考與借鑒。

關(guān)鍵詞:風(fēng)景園林；歷史公園；遺產(chǎn)；保護與發(fā)展；邱園

來源出版物:中國園林, 2014, (2): 33-38

國外工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)保護和更新的借鑒

李勤，孟海

摘要:近年來，隨著技術(shù)革新與城市產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，很多傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)基地逐漸出現(xiàn)衰退，城市中留下了大量的城市工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)，而關(guān)于其保護與更新問題，也逐漸成為了學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)注與研究的熱點。針對目前我國相關(guān)研究存在的問題，在總結(jié)國外先進的保護經(jīng)驗基礎(chǔ)上，探索城市工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)保護與再利用的優(yōu)化策略。

關(guān)鍵詞:工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)；保護更新；優(yōu)化策略

來源出版物:工業(yè)建筑, 2014, 33(10): 176-180

生態(tài)城理論與實踐研究進程中的綠色街區(qū)思維

臧鑫宇，陳天，王嶠

摘要:系統(tǒng)闡述了國內(nèi)外生態(tài)城市的理論研究及實踐歷程，探討了生態(tài)、綠色、低碳概念之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系，分析了我國出現(xiàn)的生態(tài)城現(xiàn)象及存在問題，提出生態(tài)城規(guī)劃與建設(shè)的實效性趨勢，從城市生態(tài)學(xué)、城市形態(tài)學(xué)、城市文化學(xué)角度提出生態(tài)城綠色街區(qū)概念，指出綠色街區(qū)在生態(tài)城市設(shè)計體系中的重要作用。

關(guān)鍵詞:生態(tài)城；綠色街區(qū)；實效性；生態(tài)城市設(shè)計

來源出版物:建筑學(xué)報, 2014, (S1): 143-147

城鄉(xiāng)歷史文化聚落——文化遺產(chǎn)區(qū)域整體保護的新類型

張兵

摘要:我國有文物保護單位、歷史文化名城名鎮(zhèn)名村、傳統(tǒng)村落、歷史文化街區(qū)、古村落建筑群、歷史建筑以及以非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護為主的文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)等文化遺產(chǎn)的分類。為了更好地保護區(qū)域?qū)用姹４嬷两袢暂^為完整的一些板塊狀的歷史文化遺存，提出“城鄉(xiāng)歷史文化聚落”的概念。這個概念包括三個要素：首先是跨越一個以上城市行政邊界的區(qū)戰(zhàn)性地理單元；二是呈現(xiàn)出有別于其他區(qū)域地理單元的、其生成歷史和演化歷程以及有形遺產(chǎn)和無形遺產(chǎn)方面有許多共同性和相似性的地域文化色彩；三是富集著豐富多樣的、具有復(fù)合性和整體性價值的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)要素。筆者在過去提出的“系統(tǒng)性與關(guān)聯(lián)性”特征基礎(chǔ)上，進一步研究了“城鄉(xiāng)歷史文化聚落”具有的區(qū)域性與單元性、文化的共性與個性等內(nèi)在特征，認為這些特征的認識直接影響到對歷史文化價值的評估和認識。作為結(jié)論部分，反思了我國文化遺產(chǎn)認識方法上存在的問題，提出隨著文化遺產(chǎn)保護體系的不斷完善以及保護與發(fā)展實踐領(lǐng)域的拓展，認識方法應(yīng)當(dāng)從“分”走向“合”，保護方法上從“分類保護”走向“整體保護”。這里所提出的“城鄉(xiāng)歷史文化聚落”，作為文化遺產(chǎn)的一種類型，正代表了這樣一個新的趨勢。

關(guān)鍵詞:城鄉(xiāng)歷史文化聚落；文化單元；區(qū)域整體保護；文化遺產(chǎn)

來源出版物:城市規(guī)劃學(xué)刊, 2015, (6): 46-49

中國村落遺產(chǎn)保護中活態(tài)文化標準的可能性分析——從亞太地區(qū)文化遺產(chǎn)保護獎與中國傳統(tǒng)村落評定的比較說起

張?zhí)煨?，王?/p>

摘要:價值觀與思維方式的差異，造成了東西方文化遺產(chǎn)不同的產(chǎn)生和延續(xù)方式。然而長期以來，作為東方文化體系的重要代表，中國村落遺產(chǎn)的評價與保護卻缺乏從自身特點出發(fā)的考量，更多地遵從西方主流價值觀影響下的遺產(chǎn)保護理念。從歷史文化名村到最新的“傳統(tǒng)村落”等各類村落遺產(chǎn)的評價標準，基本上是西方“物質(zhì)真實”理念下的產(chǎn)物，而對居民社會組織、傳統(tǒng)工藝技術(shù)、組織施工方式、日常生活需求等活態(tài)文化的重視不夠。對比亞洲“文化真實”語境下的遺產(chǎn)保護實踐——聯(lián)合國教科文組織設(shè)立的亞太地區(qū)文化遺產(chǎn)保護獎，中國村落遺產(chǎn)的評價標準有必要在非物質(zhì)文化、文化活態(tài)性、技術(shù)標準的傳統(tǒng)性及面向未來的過程性4個方面進行補充和擴展。

關(guān)鍵詞:風(fēng)景園林；評定標準；價值差異；村落遺產(chǎn)；亞太遺傳獎

來源出版物:中國園林, 2015, (4): 129-136

從新天地到老門東——城市更新中歷史文化價值的異化與回歸

吳曉慶，張京祥

摘要:1990年代以來，隨著城市肌理在大規(guī)模的更新中遭到破壞，城市特色逐漸喪失，學(xué)術(shù)界開始關(guān)注城市更新中對文化遺產(chǎn)的保護。而近年來，“文化戰(zhàn)略”已逐步成為當(dāng)今城市發(fā)展的一個重要戰(zhàn)略趨勢，也成為了提升城市文化軟實力和經(jīng)濟競爭力的關(guān)鍵所在。作為承載著較多文化基因的歷史地段，其文化價值更是被一再挖掘和利用，中主要包括兩種模式：一種是隨著全球文化的不斷深入，城市本地的歷史文化被不斷異化，導(dǎo)致了城市文化的去本土化和同質(zhì)化等問題；另一種是城市立足于對本土歷史文化的價值回歸，通過差異化的空間生產(chǎn)方式來提升城市的綜合競爭力。本文著重對上海新天地歷史文化價值的異化、南京老門東歷史文化價值的回歸進行對比分析，探討在城市更新過程中基于綜合效益最大化的歷史文化價值的保護與利用方式。

關(guān)鍵詞:文化價值；異化；回歸；新天地；老門東

來源出版物:現(xiàn)代城市研究, 2015(3): 86-92

上海黃浦江兩岸再開發(fā)地區(qū)的工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)保護與再生

張松

摘要:以上海黃浦江兩岸地區(qū)重點綜合開發(fā)項目為研究案例，針對 2010上海世博會會址、徐匯濱江地區(qū)兩處重點地段的工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)分布狀況、類型以及保護利用情況進行全面分析和評價，對重大活動（世博）主導(dǎo)、市區(qū)政府不同主體推進開發(fā)項目中工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)的保護狀況進行了比較研究，并對今后推進城市更新規(guī)劃過程中工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)地區(qū)整體復(fù)興等問題做了展望。

關(guān)鍵詞:工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)；保護與再生；工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)地區(qū)；整體復(fù)興

來源出版物:城市規(guī)劃學(xué)刊, 2015, (2): 102-109

生態(tài)城理論與實踐研究進程中的綠色街區(qū)思維

臧鑫宇，陳天，王嶠

摘要:系統(tǒng)闡述了國內(nèi)外生態(tài)城市的理論研究及實踐歷程，探討了生態(tài)、綠色、低碳概念之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系，分析了我國出現(xiàn)的生態(tài)城現(xiàn)象及存在問題，提出生態(tài)城規(guī)劃與建設(shè)的實效性趨勢，從城市生態(tài)學(xué)、城市形態(tài)學(xué)、城市文化學(xué)角度提出生態(tài)城綠色街區(qū)概念，指出綠色街區(qū)在生態(tài)城市設(shè)計體系中的重要作用。

關(guān)鍵詞:生態(tài)城；綠色街區(qū)；實效性；生態(tài)城市設(shè)計

來源出版物:城市規(guī)劃, 2015, (S1): 143-147

臺灣地區(qū)歷史地段城市更新經(jīng)驗及其啟示

張喬棻

摘要:臺灣地區(qū)自1895年實施城市規(guī)劃至今已百余年，隨著時代的變遷，許多舊市中心區(qū)及老舊衰敗地區(qū)問題也逐漸浮現(xiàn)。城市歷史地段的更新橫跨了城市更新及文化遺產(chǎn)保護2個研究領(lǐng)域，與一般舊市中心區(qū)的更新相比情況也相對復(fù)雜。歷史地段是城市之中最為老舊的區(qū)域，但在兼顧文化遺產(chǎn)保護的同時，仍須順應(yīng)時代的變遷及居民現(xiàn)代化生活的需要。首先，梳理了國際上與臺灣地區(qū)的歷史地段更新思潮演進，其次，對臺灣地區(qū)目前歷史地段更新規(guī)劃的相關(guān)法令、實施方式及更新理念進行介紹。以臺南總爺老街為案例，說明歷史地段的更新是如何整合城市更新與文化遺產(chǎn)保護理念于物質(zhì)環(huán)境改造手法之中，借由整建維護的更新方式達成促進城市整體發(fā)展的綜合性目標。透過檢討臺灣地區(qū)近 40年的城市更新政策實踐的經(jīng)驗，從文化遺產(chǎn)保護的視角出發(fā)，為中國大陸城市更新政策制定與執(zhí)行提供更多借鑒。

關(guān)鍵詞:城市更新；文化遺產(chǎn)保護；歷史地段；臺灣省來源出版物:地域研究與開發(fā), 2015, (5): 84-89

基于文化生態(tài)及復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的城鄉(xiāng)文化遺產(chǎn)保護

陽建強

摘要:簡要回顧了我國城鄉(xiāng)文化遺產(chǎn)保護的發(fā)展歷程，針對近年來新的發(fā)展趨向，從文化生態(tài)、多維價值和復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)三方面對城鄉(xiāng)文化遺產(chǎn)的基本屬性進行了分析，提出突破單一空間保護融入更為宏觀的文化生態(tài)，建立基于核心價值的文化遺產(chǎn)保護體系，融入復(fù)雜開放系統(tǒng)走向活態(tài)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，以及加強公共政策促進多部門和相關(guān)利益者的綜合協(xié)調(diào)等拓展思路和建議，最后結(jié)合徽州文化生態(tài)保護區(qū)規(guī)劃、武漢市主城歷史文化與風(fēng)貌街區(qū)體系規(guī)劃和大運河（無錫段）遺產(chǎn)保護規(guī)劃的實踐探索，對相關(guān)問題進行了討論和研究。

關(guān)鍵詞:城鄉(xiāng)文化遺產(chǎn)保護；文化生態(tài)；復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)；城市發(fā)展

來源出版物:城市規(guī)劃, 2016, (4): 103-109

人居型世界遺產(chǎn)保護規(guī)劃探索——以平遙古城為例

邵甬，胡力駿，趙潔，等

摘要:人居型世界遺產(chǎn)是傳統(tǒng)的人類居住地的杰出范例，其中的傳統(tǒng)生活與傳統(tǒng)空間相互依存共生，具有遺產(chǎn)和生活的雙重屬性，是一種“活態(tài)遺產(chǎn)”。通過分析人居型世界遺產(chǎn)的特征和價值，指出建立“遺產(chǎn)保護”與“人居改善”的雙重目標以及“以居民為核心”的保護方法的重要性。在分析中國人居型世界遺產(chǎn)現(xiàn)實問題的基礎(chǔ)上，以平遙古城為例，解析其在 2006年以后在新的理念引導(dǎo)下保護規(guī)劃及其實施保障制度的新探索，包括價值闡釋、針時遺產(chǎn)“整體性”的保護框架、針對遺產(chǎn)“動態(tài)性”的建設(shè)控制和監(jiān)測體系，以及落實“以居民為核心”的規(guī)劃理念的具體措施等，為中國人居型世界遺產(chǎn)以及歷史文化名城名鎮(zhèn)名村的保護與可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供借鑒。

關(guān)鍵詞:人居型世界遺產(chǎn)；活態(tài)遺產(chǎn)；保護規(guī)劃；平遙古城

來源出版物:城市規(guī)劃學(xué)刊, 2016, (5): 94-102

不僅僅為了游客：論歷史城市景觀在當(dāng)代宜居城市

中扮演的“基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”角色

G·貝特蘭多·博凡蒂尼，謝舒逸

摘要:本文認為，歷史中心在當(dāng)代城市中正逐漸成為以追求城市旅游經(jīng)濟為目標的“主題公園”，這一做法值得商榷——其繼承了過去陳舊的功能主義觀念，自上個世紀

60年代以來，被許多批評家廣為詬病——其局限性在于太過概念化和實施不當(dāng)，比如濫用城市規(guī)劃的分區(qū)理論與技術(shù)，以及對居住空間的忽視。將當(dāng)代城市視為并當(dāng)作主題公園和高度專門化的城市區(qū)域的拼接物構(gòu)筑起來，這將在一定程度上破壞城市真正的宜居條件。與之相反，歷史中心可以作為一種“城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，在當(dāng)今城市中扮演一個富有意義的、多重的、綜合性的角色。

關(guān)鍵詞:歷史中心；城市遺產(chǎn)；城市規(guī)劃原則；城市更新；當(dāng)代城市；宜居性

來源出版物:國際城市規(guī)劃, 2016, (2): 61-65

非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護及歷史地段更新研究

陳星，楊豪中

摘要:歷史地段更新通常被認為是一種主要和強有力的延緩地區(qū)衰敗的方法。在更新中，物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)、歷史風(fēng)貌和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施被給予了太多的關(guān)注，而非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)往往并不那么被重視。非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)是歷史文化遺產(chǎn)重要的組成部分，能夠在很大程度上促進地區(qū)個性的生成和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。通過在揚州歷史地段上已經(jīng)更新和正在更新的兩個案例，分析這兩個歷史地段的衰退現(xiàn)象及其影響因素。在此基礎(chǔ)上，重點研究在歷史地段中非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的功能和作用機理，通過深入理解非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)在地段中的發(fā)展規(guī)律，提出促進歷史街區(qū)和非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)共同發(fā)展的建議。

關(guān)鍵詞:非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)；歷史地段；更新；衰退來源出版物:工業(yè)建筑, 2016, (4): 44-50

景觀遺產(chǎn)——西方的自然、精神靈性與審美

海倫·阿姆斯特朗，韓鋒

摘要:基于對中國文化的理解，從古代自然的精神靈性著手，梳理西方景觀的精神與審美發(fā)展歷史，強調(diào)文化詮釋在遺產(chǎn)景觀中的差異性和重要性。東西方古代景觀在最初均具有強烈的精神和道德價值。在中國，自然對于精神的重要性，通過儒、釋、道等文化的糅雜一直延續(xù)至今。在西方，古代自然的精神性價值并未得到延續(xù)。景觀及其自然本身所蘊含的精神價值轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷惱砗兔赖男问降年P(guān)注，直至 17世紀審美科學(xué)的引入。西方理性主義、科學(xué)和計量學(xué)自 17世紀始不斷發(fā)展，至今一直占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位。18—20世紀，德國和英國哲學(xué)家們就審美、景觀、遺產(chǎn)和自然的議題進一步爭論。21世紀,世界遺產(chǎn)價值仍依照西方一貫的計量評價方法，在既有標準下，以客觀價值評價為主導(dǎo)，排斥與主觀因素相關(guān)的精神和審美價值，導(dǎo)致了中西方景觀遺產(chǎn)保護和管理的價值分歧。

關(guān)鍵詞:風(fēng)景園林；文化景觀；審美；景觀；精神性；西方；東方；哲學(xué)；遺產(chǎn)

來源出版物:中國園林, 2017, (1): 55-60

矛盾共軛：歷史街區(qū)內(nèi)生平衡的保護思路與方法

肖競，曹珂

摘要:結(jié)合國家經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展從“增量擴張”向“存量優(yōu)化”轉(zhuǎn)型的宏觀背景，提出以“內(nèi)生平衡（自平衡）”替代“外力干預(yù)”重新審視歷史街區(qū)保護問題的新思路；并通過對共軛理論及其哲學(xué)內(nèi)涵的引介與辨析，建構(gòu)出以歷史街區(qū)內(nèi)生矛盾要素的“共軛平衡”促成街區(qū)“有機演進”的保護方法框架。在此基礎(chǔ)上，進一步剖析了歷史街區(qū)中生產(chǎn)與生活職能、新添與舊有建筑、本地與外來人群、日常與儀典活動、公共與私有權(quán)域五組核心矛盾議題的不同共軛機制及其共軛平衡達成的具體路徑，以期拓展、豐富既有保護理論并為街區(qū)平衡調(diào)節(jié)的定量研究提供機理與邏輯支撐。

關(guān)鍵詞:歷史街區(qū)；矛盾制衡；多維共軛；內(nèi)生平衡；有機演進

來源出版物:城市發(fā)展研究, 2017, (3): 38-46

來源出版物: Advanced Materials Research, 2012, (544):256-261

Culture and authenticity in urban regeneration processes: Place branding in central Barcelona

Rius Ulldemolins, Joaquim

Abstract: In the post-Fordist economy, culture has become an important resource for cities to compete at the regional and international levels. Thus, local elites have used culture as an instrument of urban regeneration and these processes increasingly seek to promote urban branding.Moreover, culture is seen as a way to generate narratives that help cities avoid the perception of standardisation,characterise cities as a unique urban space and create authenticity, which are necessary elements if a city is to be globally competitive. The case of central Barcelona and,specifically, the Raval district is exemplary and singular:the joint action of the cultural institutions and representatives of the cultural sector based in the neighbourhood have turned the Raval into an brand space of ‘a(chǎn)uthentic Barcelona’ that makes the official, touristfrequented Barcelona more rich and complex.

Key words::Barcelona; cultural policy; place branding;post-fordist economy; urban regeneration

來源出版物:Urban Studies, 2014, 51(14): 3026-3045

Cities as networks within networks of cities:The evolution of the city/firm-duality in the world city network, 2000-2010

Liu, Xingjian; Derudder, Ben; Witlox, Frank; et al.

Abstract: We explore the temporal evolution of cities and firms (i.e. both modes) in a two-mode intercity corporate network formed by 50 leading advanced producer service firms across 154 cities for the years 2000 and 2010.Drawing upon one-mode network projection and three network centralities, we assess the shifting positions of individual cities and firms in the one-mode intercity and interfirm networks. Major findings include: (1) the intercity network is more stable and hierarchical than the interfirm network; (2) brokerage functions, as captured by betweenness centrality, remain highly uneven for both cities and firms. For example, New York and London’s distinct positions as the world’s leading producer service centres remain intact; and (3) regional and sectoral tendencies are evident in terms of growth rates of centralities.

Key words::Duality; two-mode networks; intercity corporate network; temporal evolution

來源出版物:Journal of Economic and Social Geography,2014, 105(4): 465-482

Towards collaborative approach? Investigating the regeneration of urban village in Guangzhou, China

Zhou, Zhihua

Abstract: Along with the green-land shortage and the low use efficiency of urban land as a result of rapid urban sprawl in the past three decades, the issue of urban regeneration has been recently brought to the governance agenda by the new leadership in China. This paper examines the regeneration of the urban village sector in Guangzhou and finds that the institutional dichotomy of the rural and urban system is not only the root of the emergence and proliferation of urban villages, but also becomes the obstacle for their regenerations. The core of urban village regeneration is the redistribution of interest derived from land appreciation among main stakeholders,and their joint commitment via a collaborative partnership is the key to the successful project implementation. Thoughthe collaborative approach for urban regeneration is acknowledged in the West and in the case study, the top-down hierarchical governance approach, the strong government-dominated ideology as a result of the legacy of socialism, and the economic-led developmental mode will fundamentally set the form of collaboration in China apart from other counties. Even within China there is no single universal and prescribed form of collaboration for urban regeneration due to the variations in terms of geographical,demographical and socio-economic conditions for urban development.

Key words::urban village; regeneration; collaborative partnership; China

來源出版物:Habitat International, 2014, 44: 297-305

Evidence-based spatial intervention for the regeneration of deteriorating urban areas:A case study from Tehran, Iran

Rismanchian, Omid; Bell, Simon

Abstract: Throughout the urban development process over the last seven decades in Tehran, many deprived neighbourhoods have developed. The main spatial attribute of these neighbourhoods is spatial isolation from the surrounding, more affluent areas, inadequate urban infrastructure and a lack of accessibility and permeability.This article discusses a method of developing a route filtering system and a transformability index for identifying the most suitable streets for the creation of a pedestrian-friendly network as a potentially socioeconomic stimulus zone, using an example of a deprived area. The theory of ‘Natural Movement’ formed the basis of the research, the spatial pattern being analysed through Space Syntax using Depthmap software and ArcGIS 9.3(GIS). The results showed that it is possible to identify the underlying spatial pattern using this approach and this could form a cost effective basis for developing a pedestrian-friendly street network, in order to release the deprived area from its spatial isolation.

Key words::transformability index; route filtering system;space syntax; urban regeneration; GIS

來源出版物:Urban Design International, 2014, 19(1): 1-21

Urban regeneration in the context of post-Soviet transformation: Lithuanian experience

Grazuleviciute-Vileniske, Indre; Urbonas, Vilius

Abstract: Our research concentrates on the countries,which had emerged after the collapse of the Soviet bloc,and the possible distinctive influence of the social and institutional environment of these countries on the process and outcomes of city center regeneration. The theoretical section includes the definition of the main concepts used in our research. First of all the countries undergoing the post-Soviet transformation were defined and then the concept of “urban regeneration” was explained. Here we also distinguished the main features of societies and institutional environment of the post-Soviet countries including the collision of different sets of values and lack of conscious value orientations and value systems, lack of individual initiative and personal responsibility, low level of participation in public domain, tendency towards non-transparent decision making, culture of complaint,climate of mistrust, increasing uncertainty and pessimism.In the section of results we had elaborated and discussed the hypothesis that these features affect the image and treatment of the historic built environment and especially of historic urban centers. Further we distinguish three dimensions-features of urban space, governance structures,and social milieu-and, based on literature and Lithuanian experience, distinguish what features of these dimensions and how make it easier or inhibit the urban regeneration.In the concluding sections we outline the basic findings and further research proposals and present the summary matrix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of urban regeneration in the context of post-Soviet transformation. The matrix could be useful both for the future research and for the decision making in practice of city center regeneration. From the preset outcomes of our research, we conclude that social and institutional context is crucial in the city center regeneration and in heritage preservation in general and the ideas and principles widespread in Western Europe and the United States cannot be directly and straightforwardly imported into the context of post-Soviet transformation.

Key words::post-Soviet transformation; social context;historic urban centers; urban regeneration; Lithuania

來源出版物:Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2014, 15(6):637-643

Evaluation methods in the protection of built heritage

Mrak, Iva

Abstract: The growth of built heritage, and an increasingpublic interest for its conservation, combined with depletion of public resources, has lead to the development of the field of heritage management. This field includes cultural and economic understanding of heritage,valorisation of heritage, integral approach to spatial planning, participation of public in the decision-making process, and development of rational and transparent decision-making mechanisms. Decision-aid tools have a specific and highly significant role in this process. The development of evaluation methods is described, and possible uses of various evaluation models in the field of heritage are analysed in the paper.

Key words::evaluation methods; cultural built heritage;multicriteria analysis

來源出版物:Gradevinar, 2014, 66(2): 127-138

Evolution of a multidimensional architectural landscape under urban regeneration:A case study of Jinan, China

Xue, Chunlu; Zheng, Xinqi; Zhang, Bo; et al.

Abstract: Urban regeneration is a key to achieving the main goals of China’s urbanisation plan. How to analyse the urban landscape of the rapid development in order to meet the challenges of urban planning and build liveable cities is a concern for both government and society. This analysis is based on a case study on downtown Jinan,China, covering the period 2001-2011. It explores urban architectural changes in the horizontal and vertical landscapes after a decade of urban regeneration, focusing on two aspects: construction purpose and number of floors.The study uses the land use transfer matrix method, along with landscape indexes and spatial autocorrelation analysis,based on cadastral data. Results show that the horizontal architectural landscape changed at the city's edges, with no apparent change in the city centre. With changes in urban functions, horizontal landscapes became broken, but patch shapes did not manifest obvious changes. Residential,commercial, and industrial landscapes were the dominant types. Most converted areas became residential landscapes.Vertical landscapes tended to feature upward development.Patch shapes became more complex and broken, landscape richness increased, and building types became less densely aggregated. The dominant landscape type changed from bungalows to multi-layer and low-layer buildings. Vertical space utilisation became increasingly intensive. Urban regeneration was carried out locally. Respective areas marked by horizontal or vertical architectural renewal showed significant positive spatial correlation, implying increasing spatial centralisation. Vertical landscape patches largely changed in line with the horizontal types, but not the other way round. Ramshackle areas and shantytowns were transformed. Urban land use developed intensively,forming vertically dense landscapes. These results will serve as reference source for urban planning, regeneration,land resources management, urban architectural design and layout, optimisation of the ecological environment, and construction of liveable cities.

Key words::urban regeneration; urban land use;architectural landscape; architecture type conversion

來源出版物:Ecological Indicators, 2015, 55: 12-22

Scale-adjusted metrics for predicting the evolution of urban indicators and quantifying the performance of cities

Alves, LGA; Mendes, Renio S; Lenzi, Ervin K; et al.

Abstract: More than a half of world population is now living in cities and this number is expected to be two-thirds by 2050. Fostered by the relevancy of a scientific characterization of cities and for the availability of an unprecedented amount of data, academics have recently immersed in this topic and one of the most striking and universal finding was the discovery of robust allometric scaling laws between several urban indicators and the population size. Despite that, most governmental reports and several academic works still ignore these nonlinearities by often analyzing the raw or the per capita value of urban indicators, a practice that actually makes the urban metrics biased towards small or large cities depending on whether we have super or sublinear allometries. By following the ideas of Bettencourt et al. we account for this bias by evaluating the difference between the actual value of an urban indicator and the value expected by the allometry with the population size. We show that this scale-adjusted metric provides a more appropriate/informative summary of the evolution of urban indicators and reveals patterns that do not appear in the evolution of per capita values of indicators obtained from Brazilian cities. We also show that these scale-adjusted metrics are strongly correlated with their past values by a linear correspondence and that they also display crosscorrelations among themselves. Simplelinear models account for 31%-97% of the observed variance in data and correctly reproduce the average of the scale-adjusted metric when grouping the cities in above and below the allometric laws. We further employ these models to forecast future values of urban indicators and, by visualizing the predicted changes, we verify the emergence of spatial clusters characterized by regions of the Brazilian territory where we expect an increase or a decrease in the values of urban indicators.

來源出版物:PLoS One, 2015, 10(9): e0134862

Decoding dispossession: Eviction and urban regeneration in Johannesburg’s dark buildings

Wilhelm-Solomon, Matthew

Abstract: In January 2012 the residents of an inner-city tenement building in Doornfontein, Johannesburg, were evicted on a court order. The building was situated in a post-industrial neighbourhood in which thousands of South Africans and foreign nationals, many blind or disabled,live in unlawfully occupied buildings without access to water, basic sanitation, electricity and waste management services. Such buildings are known in policy discourse as ‘bad buildings’, and informally as ‘dark buildings’,invoking both a sense of developmental failure and spiritual insecurity. In this paper I analyse how urban renewal policies created social divisions and alliances not only among the residents of Chambers, which were channelled along nationalist lines, but also between the able-bodied and disabled, and produced new social alliances. In particular, I document how a group of blind Zimbabweans experienced threats of violence and accusations of betrayal, as they were offered alternate accommodation by the evicting company because of their disability. I argue here that the pressures of private-sector housing developments intersected with the insecurities and divisions of inner-city social spaces and also fostered new alliances. Following the work of Deleuze and Guattari, I invoke the concept of ‘decoding dispossession’, proposing that ongoing evictions and dispossessions are characterized by simultaneous movements of ‘decoding and deterritorialization’ and ‘overcoding-reterritorialization’.

Key words: urban regeneration; dispossession;Johannesburg; stigma; migration; blindness

來源出版物:Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography,2016, 37(3): 378-395

Struggling for an adaptive strategy? Discourse analysis of urban regeneration processes: A case study of Enning Road in Guangzhou City

Tan, Xiaohong; Altrock, Uwe

Abstract: Over the last two decades, China has experienced urban redevelopment at an unprecedented scale and speed. The state-sponsored property-led redevelopment pattern has been widely deployed as dominant urban regeneration strategy in many Chinese cities. Meanwhile, more and more attention has been paid to the protest and resistance of civil society to the tremendous demolition and eviction during the implementation of such strategies. Investigating the process, content and context of urban regeneration strategies in China provides fertile ground to understand the public participation process, specific plight and challenge of decision-making in urban regeneration in China. This reflects the logic and trend of urban governance in China within existing regulatory practices and institutional settings during the transformation period.As the understanding of strategy and problem are concomitant to each other, problem framing in urban regeneration is pivotal to understand urban regeneration strategies. Starting from this point, the object of this paper is to explore what the problems are, how they are defined and perceived by different actors, what strategies are promoted as solutions, and how they are legitimated or excluded. As problem framing is social construction through discourse by different actors, such close relationship of discourse and problem proves the necessity of undertaking discourse analysis as research approach to understand problem framing, also the process, content and context of urban regeneration strategies. To understand specific problems and challenges of urban regeneration strategies implemented in China's inner cities, this study inquires a controversial and well known redevelopment project called Enning Road, which has been the first“pioneer” in terms of comprehensively redeveloping old town areas in Guangzhou since the last decade. This project has received tremendous criticism, and it can be characterized by a continuous adjustment of the unstable strategies that were applied and a frequent stagnation due to social resistance from 2006 to 2015. It will demonstrate how different discourse coalitions are formed by the government, scholars, journalists, residents and NGOs andother stakeholders. For this purpose, the paper will discuss their shared interests, beliefs or rationalities and the way they use storylines to frame problems. In this context, a lot of local knowledge and expert knowledge is activated and utilized to construct those storylines. The urban regeneration process of Enning Road involves continuously changing problem definitions and continuous experimentation, translating into emergent adaptive strategies. It also shows the interplay between different ways of problem framing, and the complex interaction between problem framing and strategy promotion.

Key words::urban redevelopment strategy; problem framing; discourse analysis; Guangzhou; old town regeneration

來源出版物: Habitat International, 2016, 56: 245-257

Artists and Shanghai’s culture-led urban regeneration

Zhong, Sheng

Abstract: In recent years, Shanghai has seen a surge of culture-led urban regeneration efforts. The paper discusses the differentiated roles of artists in shaping Shanghai's three prominent arts districts. For simplicity of analysis and illustration, visual artists and environmental designers were crudely categorized into elite and non-elite groups depending on their exercised power in decision making in the transformation of the three sites. It was found that arts production and urban regeneration, two tightly state-controlled fields in China, were increasingly linked together in Chinese cities through capital circulation and conversion. Artists were a critical link of the two fields.There was a clear stratification and fragmentation among Shanghai artists. Elite artists possessed huge amounts of all types of capital, whereas non-elite members were disadvantaged on all fronts. In the field of urban regeneration, artists were not simply used unconsciously as“catalysts” by property interest and regeneration officials,but their elite segment also proactively helped reconstruct the physical and the symbolic urban spaces. The active participation in the real estate sector by cultural entrepreneurs aided the conversion of esthetic proposition in the arts field to culturally valorized spaces for sale in the urban regeneration field and this was enabled by the elite’s extensive connections with other powerful social agents in the business and the state sectors built over previous experiences. For the non-elite artists, they participated in the transformative process unaware of their auxiliary roles yet they had not acted as a collective critical force against the hegemonic growth regime.

Key words::artists; culture; urban regeneration; Shanghai

來源出版物:Cities, 2016, 56(S1): 165-171

Estimation of salt mixture damage on built cultural heritage from environmental conditions using ECOS-RUNSALT model

Menendez, Beatriz

Abstract: Salts are among the most active weathering agents acting in the degradation of cultural heritage,especially on stone and brick buildings. Most of the previous works on salt weathering studied only single salt composition despite the fact that in buildings a mixture of different salts is always present. This paper presents a methodology to estimate salt weathering from complex solution composition and meteorological data, temperature and relative humidity. The proposed method uses a thermodynamic model (ECOS-RUNSALT) to predict the variation of salt volume with changing environmental conditions. To illustrate how the developed method can be applied, two examples are presented. Firstly, the model has been applied to real measurements on a repairing mortar sample sampled from a building in the center of Paris.Secondly, the model has been applied to estimate salt damage produced by a theoretical salt composition in different locations of France. Possible applications in cultural heritage conservation are (i) the prediction of future behavior of cultural heritage building materials taking advantage of climatic models and (ii) a help to determine the optimal conditions to avoid, as much as possible, salt damage.

Key words::architectural heritage; contingent valuation;mountains; cultural goods

來源出版物:Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2017, 24: 22-30

責(zé)任編輯：衛(wèi)夏雯

Research of high speed train carbody structure vibration behaviors and structure fatigue strength characteristic technology

BR Miao; WH Zhang; GH Huang; et al.

The hybrid simulation method based on Multibody Simulation (MBS) and finite element method(FEM) were proposed here and applied to study the relation between carbody structure vibration behaviors and structure fatigue strength characteristic. The detailed steps include: Firstly, rigid-flexible couple vehicle multibody system dynamic model was created and performed to obtain the load time histories corresponded to the typical load cases. Secondly, the carbody structure stresses was calculated through Finite Element (FE) quasi-static stress method. Finally, with the material fatigue property and some uncertainty factors, carbody fatigue damage distribution and life was calculated and evaluated. And the conclusions can be understood that the mechanism between the full vehicle dynamic property and structure damage distribution. The results are also shown that the hybrid simulation technology could be applied into the carbody structure fatigue design.

:carobody, dynamic stress analysis; finite element method (fem); multibody system; structure fatigue