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        學(xué)會三招可奪“冠”

        2017-01-05 12:36:23胡發(fā)高
        試題與研究·中考英語 2016年3期
        關(guān)鍵詞:定冠詞特指冠詞

        胡發(fā)高

        冠詞雖是“小不點”,但我們在每年的中考英語試題中都能見到它的“身影”。不定冠詞a和an的辨異、定冠詞the及零冠詞的基本用法和習(xí)慣搭配等,是近年來中考英語試題中的考查熱點。這里教你三個如何選擇a、an、the及零冠詞的“招數(shù)”。

        [第一招 根據(jù)讀音辨a和an]

        a用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前,an用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前,這是辨別a、an的基本原則。易錯點在于:絕大部分元音字母都發(fā)元音,但也有少數(shù)例外,例如university, useful等,它們的讀音卻是以輔音音素開頭,因此前面的冠詞用a而不是用an。另外,有些單詞的第一個字母不發(fā)音,例如Europe讀作[jur?p],European讀作[ju?r?pi??n],第一個字母E均不發(fā)音,因此前面的冠詞也都用a而不是用an。又如hour讀作[au?],honest讀作[?n?st],第一個字母h均不發(fā)音,因此前面的冠詞要用an而不是a。我們可以這樣記:

        [辨別用a與用an,不看字母看讀音;

        輔音音素要用a, 元音音素要用an。\&]

        【中考真題】

        1. (2016年濟寧卷) ____ apple a day keeps the doctor away.

        A. A B. An

        C. The D. /

        2. (2016年青島卷) David is ____ eight-year-old boy with short black hair.

        A. / B. a

        C. an D. the

        3. (2016年成都卷) To be ____ good dancer, you need to learn more.

        A. the B. a

        C. an

        4. (2016年達(dá)州卷) —Look! Whos ____ girl under the tree?

        —Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is ____ honest girl.

        A. the; an B. a; the

        C. the; a D. an; the

        5. (2016年無錫卷) Tom wants to study at ____ university in Europe, but hasnt decided which one to go to yet.

        A. an B. a

        C. the D. /

        【解析】

        1. B。apple的讀音以元音音素[?]開頭,因此應(yīng)選擇An。

        2. C。eight-year-old的讀音以元音音素[e?]開頭,因此應(yīng)選擇an。

        3. B。good的讀音以輔音音素[]開頭,因此應(yīng)選擇a。

        4. A。第一空特指“在樹下的那個女孩”,要用the;第二空后honest的首字母h不發(fā)音,其讀音以元音音素[?]開頭,因此要用an。

        5. B。university的讀音以輔音音素[ju?]開頭,因此應(yīng)選擇a。

        [第二招 特指人、物要選the]

        表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物要用定冠詞the。特指主要有以下幾種體現(xiàn)形式:(1)該名詞后有短語或從句做定語;(2)該名詞前有形容詞最高級或表示順序的序數(shù)詞;(3)該名詞是雙方都知道的或上文已提到過的人或物;(4)該名詞表示的是世界上獨一無二的事物。

        【中考真題】

        1. (2016年河南卷) —Kate, are you ____ only child in your family?

        —Yes, but ____ new baby is on the way.

        A. a; the B. an; the

        C. the; a D. the; the

        2. (2016年連云港卷) —Dong Guijun is ____ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.

        —He is ____ pride of us.

        A. the; / B. a; the

        C. the; the D. a; /

        3. (2016年威海卷) —Would you please turn off ____ TV?

        —OK, just a minute.

        A. a B. an

        C. the

        4. (2016年廣安卷) Lucy is ____ shy girl, but she is good at playing ____ piano.

        A. an; the B. a; the

        C. a; / D. an; /

        5. (2016年綿陽卷) Jason likes ____ shape of the cake. It is ____ heart.

        A. the; a B. a; the

        C. the; the D. a; a

        【解析】

        1. C。第一空中,only的意思是“唯一的”,與the連用表示特指;第二空所在句意為“一個寶寶即將出生”。

        2. C。第一空后的first是序數(shù)詞,與the連用;第二空中的pride表示“我們的驕傲”,屬于特指,要與定冠詞連用。

        3. C。對方說的TV指的是雙方都知道的那臺電視機,前面要用the。

        4. B。第一空后的shy的讀音以輔音音素[?]開頭,要選擇a表示“一個靦腆的女孩”;第二空中的piano(鋼琴)屬于樂器類名詞,要與the連用。

        5. A。第一空后的shape屬特指,即“這個蛋糕的形狀”,要與the連用;第二空后的heart屬于泛指,即“它是一個心形”,要用a。

        [第三招 依據(jù)搭配辨冠詞]

        英語固定短語中,有的含有不定冠詞a、an,有的含有定冠詞the,有的則是什么冠詞也沒用。解題時,我們可以把短語反復(fù)默讀幾遍,然后憑語感敲定答案。由于我們平時多次背誦和使用過這些短語,這種憑語感敲定答案的方法很有效。

        (一)含不定冠詞a、an的固定搭配有:

        [have a walk; have an idea; have a fever; have a headache; have a good time; go for a walk; make a living; in a hurry; in a word; once upon a time; take a seat; have a look; ride a bike; a little; a few; a piece / cup of\&]

        (二)含定冠詞the的固定搭配有:

        [in the morning / afternoon / evening; in the middle of; on the other hand; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; at the age of; in the end; at the moment; at the beginning of; look the same; play the piano / violin\&]

        (三)不含任何冠詞的固定搭配有:

        [in fact; at first; at last; at work; at home; for breakfast / lunch / supper; in time; on time; for example; on holiday; in danger; go to bed; on duty; after school; by bus / bike / plane / ship; by mistake; by hand; at table; on earth; in hospital, have fun; play basketball / football / chess / cards \&]

        【中考真題】

        1. (2016年南充卷) She usually has ____ egg and some porridge for ____ breakfast.

        A. an; the B. an; /

        C. a; the D. a; /

        2. (2016年菏澤卷) —Did you have ____ good time yesterday?

        —Yeah, I really had ____ fun at the party!

        A. a; / B. a; the

        C. /; the

        3. (2016年泰安卷) I usually ride ____ bike to school. But this morning, I went to school by ____ bus.

        A. a; the B. the; a

        C. /; a D. a; /

        4. (2016年巴中卷) Mike is ____ boy. He often plays ____ basketball.

        A. a; / B. an; the

        C. an; /

        5. (2016年攀枝花卷) —You can take ____ subway to the museum.

        —No, I will go there by ____ bike.

        A. /; the B. the; /

        C. the; the D. a; a

        【解析】

        1. B。第一空后的egg的讀音以元音音素[e]開頭,要選擇an;for breakfast屬于固定搭配,因此第二空不填冠詞。

        2. A。第一空中have a good time屬于固定短語,意思是“過得愉快”;第二空中的have fun也屬于固定短語,意思是“玩得開心”。

        3. D。ride a bike屬于固定短語,意思是“騎自行車”;第二空的by bus也屬于固定短語,意思是“坐公交車”。

        4. A。第一空后的boy的讀音以輔音音素[b]開頭,故用a;第二空后的play basketball屬于固定搭配。

        5. B。第一空后的subway指的是雙方都知道的那條地鐵線路,故用the;第二空中,與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前不用冠詞。

        練一練:

        從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項。

        1. Its not ____ good idea to drive for four hours without ____ break.

        A. a; a B. a; the

        C. the; a D. the; the

        2. Cindy is ____ amazing singer. She has lots of fans.

        A. a B. an

        C. the D. /

        3. As we know, England is ____ European country and Singapore is ____ Asian country.

        A. an; an B. an; a

        C. a; a D. a; an

        4. —Do you know ____ man in blue?

        —Yes, he is a professor of ____ university.

        A. the; a B. a; an

        C. the; an D. /; the

        5. My best friend Neil is ____ honest boy. You can believe him.

        A. a B. an

        C. the D. /

        6. What ____ good news! Our school band will play at Harbin Summer Concert in ____ August.

        A. a; the B. the; an

        C. /; an D. /; /

        7. —Does your father go to work by ____ car every day?

        —No, he sometimes takes ____ bus.

        A. a; the B. the; a

        C. /; a D. a; /

        8. —Do you know ____ boy over there?

        —Yes, he likes playing ____ basketball very much.

        A. the; / B. a; the

        C. a; / D. the; a

        9. Mr. Smith is ____ old man and he usually walks his dog after ____ supper.

        A. a; the B. an; a

        C. an; / D. the; /

        10. There is ____ “h” in the word “hour”, and ____ “u” in the word “useful”.

        A. an; an B. an; a

        C. a; an D. a; a

        11. Our Chinese teacher told us ____ interesting story yesterday and ____ story was about Thomas Edison.

        A. an; a B. the; the

        C. a; the D. an; the

        12. —Theres ____ ball on the playground. Would you please pass ____ ball to me?

        —With pleasure.

        A. /; the B. the; a

        C. /; a D. a; the

        13. —Is ____ magazine yours, Joe?

        —No, I dont have ____ magazine.

        A. a; a B. the; the

        C. the; a D. a; the

        14. It is such ____ wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it ____ second time.

        A. a; a B. a; the

        C. /; the D. /; a

        15. We usually go to ____ school on weekdays, and sometimes go to ____ cinema at weekends.

        A. /; the B. the; the

        C. the; / D. a; /

        16. —What do you usually have for ____ lunch, Peter?

        —A bowl of rice and some vegetables.

        A. a B. an

        C. the D. /

        17. This novel can make you laugh and cry at ____ same time.

        A. a B. an

        C. the D. /

        18. ____ Browns were having dinner when the telephone rang.

        A. A B. The

        C. An D. /

        19. —Are you ____ English or American?

        —English. We are working in Wuhan.

        A. a B. /

        C. the D. an

        20. —Cindy, do you have ____ e-mail address? I want to send you some photos.

        —Yes, I do. Its Cindy126@sohu.com.

        A. a B. an

        C. the D. /

        21. Can I have ____ look at the photo of your pen pal?

        A. a B. an

        C. / D. the

        22. Thank you so much. I really like ____ scarf you gave me yesterday. It looks very nice.

        A. a B. the

        C. / D. an

        23. ____ amusement park you visited yesterday is kind of small, but its ____ interesting one.

        A. The; the B. /; a

        C. The; an D. An; the

        24. —Have you seen ____ pen? I left one here this morning.

        —Is it ____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

        A. the; the B. a; a

        C. the; a D. a; the

        25. We can have ____ blue sky if we create ____ less polluted world.

        A. a; a B. a; the

        C. the; a D. the; the

        26. Stay there and dont go anywhere. Ill pick you up in half ____ hour.

        A. the B. a

        C. an D. /

        27. —What do you want to be in the future, Nick?

        —I want to be ____ pilot. It is ____ interesting job.

        A. a; a B. a; an

        C. the; an D. a; the

        28. Fathers Day is coming. Its on ____ third Sunday in June.

        A. a B. an

        C. the D. /

        29. My mother drinks ____ cup of milk before going to ____ bed every night.

        A. the; a B. the; /

        C. a; / D. a; the

        30. —Do you play ____ cards in your free time?

        —No. I often play ____ soccer with my friends.

        A. /; the B. /; /

        C. the; the D. a; a

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