胡瑞明

介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞之間、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞，不能單獨(dú)做句子成分。介詞貌似簡(jiǎn)單，但當(dāng)其與名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等搭配起來(lái)就“變化多端”了，因此介詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類之一， 其用法變化多樣。中考對(duì)介詞的考查主要是其基本用法和習(xí)慣搭配。現(xiàn)以近三年的中考試題為例，將介詞常見考點(diǎn)梳理一遍。

一、對(duì)時(shí)間介詞的考查

【中考例題】

1. （2016年鹽城卷） The 3-D film The Angry Birds opened in Chinese cinemas ____ May 20th， 2016.

A. on B. at

C. in D. to

2. （2016年青島卷） Tim is going to give his father a surprise ____ Fathers Day.

A. in B. at

C. on D. by

3. （2016年成都卷） Teachers Day is ____ September 10th.

A. in B. on

C. at

4. （2016年黃岡卷） —Junior high school days will be over ____ a week. How are you feeling？

—Im trying to keep my cool because weve been together ____ three years.

A. in； in B. for； in

C. in； for D. for； for

5. （2016年南京卷） Yingqi Bird Nest Library， the smallest library in the world， was opened to the public in Nanjings Huashu Village ____ the World Reading Day this year.

A. on B. in

C. at D. as

6. （2016年資陽(yáng)卷） —Hi， Susan， when is Teachers Day in China？

—Its ____ September 10th.

A. in B. on

C. at D. for

7. （2015年涼山卷） —Do you know Victory Day in China？

—Yes， its ____ September 3rd ____ each year. It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history.

A. in； on B. on； /

C. at； / D. on； in

8. （2015年臨沂卷） For many Western people， they drink cold water even ____ winter.

A. on B. for

C. at D. in

9. （2015年武威卷） —The charity walk begins ____ 9：00. Dont be late.

—No problem.

A. at B. by

C. in D. on

10. （2015年安徽卷） The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come ____ four days.

A. after B. for

C. during D. in

11. （2015年安順卷） —When is Lang Langs concert？

—Its ____ three oclock ____ the afternoon of December 18th.

A. at； in B. at； on

C. on； in D. in； on

12. （2015年萊蕪卷） Anna is in a hurry because the train is leaving ____ half an hour.

A. for B. by

C. in D. after

13. （2015年云南卷） The Third China-South Asia EXPO was held in Kunming ____ June 12th to June 16th.

A. on B. in

C. at D. from

14. （2015年菏澤卷短文填空） After walking around ____ some time， she came to a river.

15. （2015年德州卷綜合填空） He has been away from home s____ two days ago.

16. （2015年溫州卷詞匯運(yùn)用） The Highland Museum is open every day ____ Monday.

Key：

1～5 ACBCA 6～10 BBDAD

11～13 BCD 14. for 15. since 16. except

【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛】

★on常表示在具體的某一天或具體某一天的上午、下午或晚上等。

★at多表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或瞬間，或用在節(jié)假日前表示“在……期間”。

★in則用于月份、季節(jié)、年、年代、世紀(jì)等，或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上。此外，“in +時(shí)間段”表示“在……之后”，常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

★“after +具體時(shí)刻”表示“在……之后”。

★since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子，表示“自從……以來(lái)”。

★for后接時(shí)間段，表示“持續(xù)一段時(shí)間”。

★by表示“在……之前，不遲于，到……為止”，多與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。

二、對(duì)地點(diǎn)、方位介詞的考查

【中考題例】

1. （2016年重慶A卷） Jim lives ____ a small village and the air there is very fresh.

A. on B. in

C. under D. from

2. （2016年達(dá)州卷） —Where is Mary flying？

—She is flying to France soon. She will arrive ____ Paris ____ the morning of July 2nd.

A. to； on B. at； on

C. in； in D. in； on

3. （2016年天津卷） You can buy almost everything ____ the Internet， and its very cheap.

A. into B. for

C. at D. on

4. （2015年泰州卷） —I like the weather in Kunming. Its warm all year long.

—Yes. And the temperature stays ____ zero all the time.

A. at B. below

C. around D. above

5. （2015年蘇州卷） In cold winter， the temperature in Harbin often remains ____ zero all day.

A. above B. below

C. over D. under

6. （2015年益陽(yáng)卷） The bank is ____ the bookstore and the post office.

A. at the front of B. among

C. between D. in

7. （2015年濰坊卷） You must be careful when you swim ____ the lake.

A. across B. below

C. over D. through

8. （2015年銅仁卷） —Excuse me， where is the bookstore？

—Go ____ the bridge. Youll see it on your left.

A. on B. cross

C. across D. through

9. （2015年綏化卷） Heilongjiang Province is ____ the northeast of China.

A. to B. in

C. on D. at

10. （2015年杭州卷） Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily ____ the windows.

A. below B. across

C. behind D. against

11. （2015年恩施卷） There are some apples ____ the tree and some birds are standing ____ the tree.

A. on； on B. in； on

C. on； in

Key：

1～5 BDDDB 6～10 CACBD 11. C

【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛】

中考對(duì)表示地點(diǎn)或方位的介詞的考查比較寬泛，在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，同學(xué)們需要掌握下列介詞表示地點(diǎn)或方位的用法：

★at用于較小的場(chǎng)所前（如建筑物、公共場(chǎng)所等）或用于門牌號(hào)碼前。

★in用于較大的地方前（如國(guó)家、城市、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、地區(qū)等）。

★on表示“在……上面”，即“與……表面相接觸”。

★over表示“在……正上方”，兩者不接觸。

★under表示“在……正下方”，兩者不接觸。

★above表示“在……的上方”，兩者不接觸，不一定垂直。

★below表示“在……的下方”，兩者不接觸，不一定垂直。

★between表示“在……（兩者）之間”。

★among表示“在……（三者及以上）之間”。

★across表示“橫過(guò)、越過(guò)（從表面跨過(guò)）”。

★through表示“穿過(guò)”，即從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)。

★past / by表示“從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)或路過(guò)”。

三、對(duì)手段、方法介詞的考查

【中考題例】

1. （2016年德州卷） Nobody could solve this difficult problem alone ____ others help.

A. with B. for

C. without D. from

2. （2016年菏澤卷） Please e-mail me ____ sdshzs666@163.com if you have any questions.

A. on B. at

C. to

3. （2016年河北卷） Class， lets see who can spell the most words ____ these letters.

A. at B. into

C. on D. with

4. （2016年?yáng)|營(yíng)卷） At the farewell party， Kobe Bryant said， “____ the support of my fans， it would be hard for me to achieve such great success.”

A. With B. Under

C. Through D. Without

5. （2015年鎮(zhèn)江卷） Ma Yun， the Chairperson of Alibaba Group， has made much money ____ the Internet.

A. through B. along

C. across D. towards

6. （2014年上海卷） More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work ____ underground.

A. in B. with

C. by D. for

7. （2014年成都卷） Gina， whats this ____ English？

A. by B. for

C. in D. with

8. （2014年萊蕪卷） We can save money ____ cooking our own meals instead of eating outside.

A. by B. to

C. for D. with

Key：

1～5 CBDDA 6～8 CCA

【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛】

中考對(duì)表示手段或方法的介詞的考查主要集中在介詞with，in和by的用法上。

★with后接具體的工具，與后面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，指“借助于，用”。

★in可用于使用某種語(yǔ)言，或采用墨水、顏色、顏料等原料，其后的名詞前不加冠詞。

★by表示某種方式或手段，其后的名詞前也不加冠詞。

四、對(duì)其他常用介詞的考查

【中考題例】

1. （2016年蘭州卷） —Alice， would you like to go hiking with us？

—What a pity！ I am free every day ____ today.

A. for B. except

C. besides D. among

2. （2016年黃石卷） It is necessary ____ us to help our friends out when they meet difficulties.

A. to B. of

C. with D. for

3. （2016年?yáng)|營(yíng)卷） ____ running after success， we have a lot of other interesting things to do in our lives.

A. By B. On

C. Besides D. Except

4. （2016年永州卷） It is important ____ us to make full use of time.

A. for B. of

C. with

5. （2015年惠安卷） —We are going to play a football game ____ Class 6 this Friday.

—I will cheer you on. I hope our class will win.

A. for B. against

C. to

6. （2015年福州卷） —What a nice dress！ Is it made ____ silk？

—Yes. I bought it in Hangzhou.

A. in B. by

C. of

7. （2015年福州卷） —Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her？

—Of course. She was tall and thin ____ long hair.

A. in B. with

C. on

8. （2015年資陽(yáng)卷） When I got into the room， Green was talking ____ the phone.

A. on B. with

C. to D. in

9. （2015年煙臺(tái)卷） Welcome to our store. We have skirts ____ all colors ____ $16 each.

A. at； in B. in； for

C. at； at D. in； in

10. （2015年淮安卷） Helen is friendly and she always has a smile ____ her face.

A. on B. with

C. at D. for

11. （2015年常州卷） —Would you like to visit the zoo with me now？

—Sorry. Its ____ the visiting hours. Lets go there tomorrow.

A. on B. over

C. during D. beyond

Key：

1～5 BDCAB 6～10 CBABA

11. D

【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛】

除了對(duì)in，at，on，with，of等常見介詞的考查外，中考還考查了其他一些介詞的用法，如：over“遍及，超過(guò)”；against“反對(duì)，緊貼著、緊靠著，毗連”；beyond“晚于、較遲于、過(guò)了……以后，超出（某種數(shù)量、限度等）”；without“沒有”等。在日常學(xué)習(xí)中，同學(xué)們需要注意積累這些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。

四、對(duì)介詞短語(yǔ)的考查

【中考題例】

1. （2016年山西卷） Pandas are much-loved around the world. Unluckily， there arent many pandas left and theyre ____ now. So we must save them.

A. in order B. in danger C. in need

2. （2016年溫州卷） Vienna is famous for having many great musicians. ____， Johann Strauss the younger wrote hundreds of wonderful pieces of music there.

A. In fact B. For example

C. As a result D. In my opinion

3. （2015年宜昌卷） —Many teenagers put mobile gaming ____ other things and spend too much time on it.

—Thats really bad.

A. up to B. as for

C. ahead of D. along with

4. （2015年南寧卷） Jim sits behind me， so I sit ____ him.

A. at the top of

B. at the end of

C. in the middle of

D. in front of

5. （2015年漳州卷） —Look， so many dark clouds！

—You should take an umbrella ____ rain.

A. instead of B. in case of

C. with the help of

6. （2015年廈門卷） In English， we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it ____.

A. into half B. in half

C. by half

7. （2016年自貢卷） This restaurant ____ people ____ delicious food.

A. provides； for B. offers； to

C. provides； with

8. （2016年濟(jì)寧卷） We should be kind to the old and take care ____ them in daily life.

A. of B. for

C. with D. about

9. （2016年攀枝花卷） My English teacher is always strict ____ us.

A. in B. of

C. with D. about

10. （2016年襄陽(yáng)卷） —Who is Dave looking ____？

—His mother. Shes been in hospital for a few days.

A. for B. after

C. at D. up

11. （2016年郴州卷） —The summer vac-ation is coming. Im looking forward ____ it.

—Me， too.

A. at B. to

C. on

12. （2015年濱州卷） My mother says my friend is similar ____ me， but I think she is different ____ me.

A. as； from B. to； from

C. to； to D. as； to

13. （2015年孝感卷） Jennys uncle is a scientist. She is proud ____ him.

A. from B. at

C. in D. of

14. （2015年鹽城卷） This photo reminded the old man ____ the days when he was young.

A. with B. for

C. by D. of

15. （2015年海南卷） I like reading， so I always spend my pocket money ____ books.

A. on B. in

C. at

Key：

1～5 BBCDB 6～10 BCACB

11～15 BBDDA

【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛】

中考對(duì)介詞短語(yǔ)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在四個(gè)方面：“介詞+名詞”“be+形容詞+介詞”“動(dòng)詞+介詞”和“介詞+名詞+介詞”。同學(xué)們?cè)趥淇歼^(guò)程中必須熟記常見搭配。

★“介詞+名詞”： at noon“在中午”；at night“在晚上”；at work“在工作”；at times“有時(shí)”；at midnight“在午夜”；at the moment“此刻”；by bus“乘公共汽車”；by the way“順便說(shuō)”； by mistake“錯(cuò)誤地”；in order“整整齊齊”；in English“用英語(yǔ)”；in fact“事實(shí)上”；on show“展出”；on duty“值日”；on foot“步行”；on business“出差”；on holiday“在休假”；on sale“在出售”；with pleasure“很樂意”等。

★“be+形容詞+介詞”：be angry with“生（某人的）氣”；be afraid of“害怕”；be busy with“忙于做……”；be good at“擅長(zhǎng)于”；be full of“充滿”；be kind to“對(duì)……和善”；be interested in“對(duì)……感興趣”；be famous for“因……而著名”；be late for“遲到”；be popular with“受……歡迎”；be proud of“對(duì)……感到驕傲”；be ready for“為……準(zhǔn)備好”；be satisfied with“對(duì)……滿意”等。

★“動(dòng)詞+介詞”：agree with“同意”；ask for“請(qǐng)求”；hear from“收到（某人）的信”；hear of“聽說(shuō)”；look at“看”；look for“尋找”；look after“照顧”；pay for“付錢”；send for“派人去叫”；talk about“談?wù)摗?；think about“考慮”；wait for“等候”；write to“寫信給……”；worry about“擔(dān)心”；laugh at“嘲笑”；fall behind“落在……后面”；knock at“敲”等。

★“介詞+名詞+介詞”：with the help of sb.“在某人的幫助下”；at the foot of “在……腳下”；on the top of“在……頂端”；in the middle of “在……中間”；in the front of “在……前面”；in the east of“在……東部”；by means of“借助”；at the beginning of“起初”；by the end of“到……為止”；at the age of“在……歲時(shí)”；at the head of “在……前面”等。

鞏固練習(xí)：

從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1. Cambridge is a small city ____ the east of England.

A. between B. with

C. in D. under

2. Dont be late ____ class. We must be on time.

A. for B. to

C. in D. at

3. —Could you tell me the way ____ the railway station？

—Go along this road and soon youll find it.

A. at B. to

C. in D. between

4. There was a big crowd waiting ____ the opening ceremony to start.

A. by B. from

C. for D. with

5. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldnt kill them ____ food or clothing.

A. in B. with

C. about D. for

6. Everyone is born ____ the ability to learn.

A. at B. on

C. with D. in

7. One of the opinions ____ smoking is that it is harmful to peoples health.

A. for B. against

C. at D. in

8. They are going to buy a house ____ a garden and a garage.

A. in B. with

C. at D. of

9. Reading in the sun is not good ____ your eyes.

A. for B. about

C. with D. in

10. It is careless ____ him to lose his wallet again. I think it necessary ____ him to be more careful next time.

A. of； to B. of； for

C. for； for D. with； to

11. —You are so lucky.

—What do you mean ____ that？

A. for B. in

C. of D. by

12. The blind man walked across the street ____ the help of a boy.

A. by B. at

C. in D. with

13. You cant wear a blue jacket ____ that shirt—itll look terrible.

A. on B. above

C. up D. over

14. Everyone wants to win. But ____ me， the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.

A. as for B. thanks to

C. instead of D. such as

15. Mr. Greens office is ____ the 26th floor. You can take the lift there.

A. at B. in

C. on D. for

16. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place ____ the main road at the far end of the lake.

A. to B. for

C. off D. out

17. The traffic accident happened ____ Saturday. Luckily， no one was hurt.

A. at B. in

C. on D. for

18. The birds singing came into our room ____ the window and woke me up in the early morning.

A. down B. from

C. through D. across

19. Healthy eating ____ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.

A. less than B. instead of

C. such as D. together with

20. We were very surprised ____ the news.

A. into B. at

C. out of D. for

21. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ____ animals both on land and sea？

A. about B. to

C. with D. over

22. The little pupil took his grandma ____ the arm and walked her across the street.

A. on B. by

C. in D. at

23. My friend， Henry， was born ____ June 10th， 1997.

A. in B. on

C. at D. for

24. Walk along the street， and youll see the hospital ____ your left.

A. in B. past

C. on D. over

25. If you do things ____， usually you cant do them well.

A. in a hurry B. from now on

C. just now D. at once