方 麗,周 進(jìn),謝 華,姚文秀,周 行,魏 陽,王理?yè)P(yáng)
(1.成都醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科 610500;2.四川省腫瘤醫(yī)院腫瘤內(nèi)科,成都 610041)
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論著·基礎(chǔ)研究
姜黃素對(duì)結(jié)腸癌HT-29細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)增殖、細(xì)胞周期分布及CyclinD1基因表達(dá)的影響*
方 麗1,周 進(jìn)2△,謝 華2,姚文秀2,周 行2,魏 陽2,王理?yè)P(yáng)2
(1.成都醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科 610500;2.四川省腫瘤醫(yī)院腫瘤內(nèi)科,成都 610041)
目的 觀察姜黃素對(duì)人結(jié)腸癌HT-29細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)增殖、細(xì)胞周期分布的影響,并探討可能的機(jī)制。方法 培養(yǎng)對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)的人結(jié)腸癌HT-29細(xì)胞,用不同濃度的姜黃素-1640培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。選取24、48、72h時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn),觀察細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的形態(tài)學(xué)差異。四甲基偶氮唑藍(lán)(MTT)法檢測(cè)姜黃素對(duì)HT-29細(xì)胞的生存抑制率,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)加入姜黃素前后HT-29細(xì)胞的周期分布改變,并對(duì)藥物處理前后的CyclinD1基因表達(dá)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)比較。結(jié)果 在加入姜黃素稀釋液后,HT-29細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)明顯變慢,形狀由飽滿變得細(xì)長(zhǎng),脫壁增多。MTT提示姜黃素能明顯抑制HT-29細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),并呈時(shí)間和濃度依賴性。流式細(xì)胞術(shù)顯示姜黃素能誘導(dǎo)明顯的G0/G1期阻滯,24、48、72h時(shí)G1期比例分別為38.2%、44.6%、49.3%,相對(duì)對(duì)照組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。蛋白免疫印跡(Westernblot)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)姜黃素能明顯降低HT-29細(xì)胞中的CyclinD1基因表達(dá),并隨作用時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),抑制作用更強(qiáng)。結(jié)論 姜黃素能明顯抑制人結(jié)腸癌HT-29細(xì)胞細(xì)胞周期CyclinD1基因表達(dá),并誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞G1期阻滯。
姜黃素;結(jié)腸腫瘤;HT-29;CyclinD1
惡性腫瘤的發(fā)病率日漸增高,且該病檢出率低,治愈率低下,是目前困擾臨床的一個(gè)重大難題。靶點(diǎn)及驅(qū)動(dòng)基因探尋、新藥研發(fā)是臨床及科研工作者孜孜不倦的工作目標(biāo)。近年來,天然小分子黃酮類物質(zhì)由于其毒性低微和強(qiáng)大的抗腫瘤活性受到廣泛的關(guān)注。姜黃素作為姜黃藥用的主要有效成分,通過規(guī)范提取,保留其多種生物學(xué)作用,經(jīng)多方研究證實(shí)具有抗菌、抗腫瘤,以及抗凝、利膽、收縮子宮、降壓、降血脂等作用。我們既往研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)姜黃素對(duì)人肝癌細(xì)胞株具有明顯的抑制生長(zhǎng)及促凋亡作用。為進(jìn)一步考察其在消化道惡性腫瘤中的作用,本研究培養(yǎng)人結(jié)腸癌HT-29細(xì)胞,觀察姜黃素對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)及細(xì)胞周期分布的影響,并檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期關(guān)鍵調(diào)控基因,初步探尋可能的機(jī)制。
1.1 主要試劑及儀器 姜黃素、DMSO購(gòu)自SIGMA,碘化丙啶(PI)、DMEM培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清(FBS)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Gibco公司,胰蛋白酶(Tyrisin)購(gòu)自Promega,HT-29細(xì)胞株為本實(shí)驗(yàn)室凍存。CyclinD1抗體為Santa Cruz公司產(chǎn)品。Elite型流式細(xì)胞儀(flow cytometry,F(xiàn)CM)由美國(guó)COUTLER公司生產(chǎn)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及形態(tài)學(xué)觀察 人結(jié)腸癌HT-29細(xì)胞貼壁生長(zhǎng)于含10%小牛血清RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基中,于5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱、37 ℃常規(guī)培養(yǎng)。2~3 d用胰蛋白酶消化后收集細(xì)胞并傳代。在細(xì)胞進(jìn)入對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期后,加入姜黃素稀釋液,Olympus倒置顯微鏡觀察HT-29細(xì)胞形態(tài)的變化。
1.2.2 四甲基偶氮唑藍(lán)(MTT)法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖 根據(jù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道及既往研究結(jié)果,選取2、5、10、20 μmol/L濃度姜黃素進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。MTT實(shí)驗(yàn)共分為5組,各組以每孔104個(gè)HT-29細(xì)胞接種于96孔培養(yǎng)板中,依次加入2、5、10、20 μmol/L的姜黃素-1640稀釋液,以含0.1%DMSO的1640培養(yǎng)基為空白對(duì)照,分別培養(yǎng)24、48、72 h后加入MTT溶液(5 mg/mL)20 μL,全自動(dòng)酶標(biāo)儀(490 nm)測(cè)定各孔的吸光度(A)值,按公式:抑制率 = 1-藥物組A/空白對(duì)照組A×100%進(jìn)行計(jì)算。
1.2.3 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期分布 另取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的HT-29細(xì)胞,培養(yǎng)24 h后,去上清液,加入上述濃度的姜黃素-1640稀釋液分別培養(yǎng)24、48、72 h后與空白對(duì)照組一起胰酶消化,洗滌后棄上清液,70%乙醇4 ℃固定,PI染色30 min,COUTLER流式細(xì)胞儀上機(jī)檢測(cè),Listmode軟件分析細(xì)胞周期分布。
1.2.4 蛋白免疫印跡法(Western blot)檢測(cè)姜黃素作用前后HT-29細(xì)胞中細(xì)胞周期基因CyclinD1的表達(dá)差異 細(xì)胞裂解液裂解HT-29細(xì)胞,提取總蛋白,定量。電泳分離、轉(zhuǎn)膜。50 g/L脫脂奶粉緩沖液4 ℃封閉過夜,加一抗CyclinD1(1∶200)室溫振搖孵育2 h,洗膜30 min后加二抗(1∶8 000)室溫振搖孵育1 h,洗膜,暗盒顯影。內(nèi)參選用β-actin。
2.1 姜黃素對(duì)HT-29細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的影響 正常HT-29細(xì)胞貼壁生長(zhǎng),細(xì)胞間接觸緊密,生長(zhǎng)旺盛,胞漿飽滿,一般2~3d須分瓶傳代。加入姜黃素稀釋液后,HT-29細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)變慢,貼壁疏松,部分脫壁,細(xì)胞接觸間隙增大,形態(tài)變狹長(zhǎng),周圍碎片增多。
2.2 生存抑制實(shí)驗(yàn) 姜黃素明顯抑制HT-29細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng),且具有濃度和時(shí)間依賴性。藥物處理24h,2、5、10、20μmol/L組抑制率分別為4%、7%、11%、17%。隨著時(shí)間和姜黃素濃度的增加,HT-29細(xì)胞的生存抑制效應(yīng)愈加明顯。細(xì)胞抑制率曲線見圖1。
圖1 不同濃度姜黃素對(duì)HT-29細(xì)胞生存抑制曲線圖
2.3 姜黃素對(duì)HT-29細(xì)胞周期的影響 正常生長(zhǎng)的HT-29細(xì)胞G0/G1期、S期、G2/M期的比例分別為34.1%、55.7%、10.2%。經(jīng)姜黃素處理24、48和72h后,HT-29細(xì)胞在G0/G1期的比例增加,而S期比例下降。10μmol/L姜黃素組的細(xì)胞周期分布情況見表1。
表1 10 mol/L姜黃素對(duì)HT-29細(xì)胞 周期分布的影響
*:P<0.05,與對(duì)照組比較。
2.4 姜黃素對(duì)HT-29細(xì)胞周期基因CyclinD1表達(dá)的影響Westernblot結(jié)果見圖2。從圖上可以看出,姜黃素能抑制HT-29細(xì)胞周期基因CyclinD1表達(dá),并且這種抑制效果隨時(shí)間增加越加明顯。
圖2 姜黃素(10 μmol/L)對(duì)HT-29細(xì)胞CyclinD1基因的影響
惡性腫瘤仍是目前困擾人民群眾生命健康的重大難題之一?;熥鳛閭鹘y(tǒng)抗腫瘤治療手段,在臨床中仍然發(fā)揮著重要的作用。然而,明顯的毒副反應(yīng)依舊是細(xì)胞毒性類藥物不可避免的問題。研究者們也在熱衷于尋求具有高選擇抗腫瘤活性并且低毒的新型藥物。姜黃素是中藥姜黃的主要有效成分,目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn),姜黃素具有抗炎、抗腫瘤、抗血管硬化等廣泛的生物學(xué)活性[1-2]。而其在惡性腫瘤生長(zhǎng)上發(fā)揮的負(fù)調(diào)控作用更是目前研究熱點(diǎn)。體外實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,姜黃素可抑制肝癌、肺癌、結(jié)直腸癌等多種細(xì)胞增殖、誘導(dǎo)凋亡,具有明顯的遏制腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展的功效[3-5]。
研究證實(shí),姜黃素發(fā)揮抗腫瘤作用主要通過調(diào)節(jié)抑癌基因和原癌基因表達(dá)、誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡、抗腫瘤血管生成、抗腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移、逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤細(xì)胞耐藥等機(jī)制[6-9]。其過程復(fù)雜,涉及的信號(hào)通路廣泛,也是研究者關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)之一。姜黃素在疾病治療中的應(yīng)用前景已被普遍接受,對(duì)其劑型及生物利用度的開發(fā)也是目前的研究熱點(diǎn)。納米載體材料作為一種新型的藥物傳遞系統(tǒng),具有改變藥物體內(nèi)分布、藥物釋放速率、提高生物利用度、延長(zhǎng)藥物在局部的滯留時(shí)間等特點(diǎn)[10]。Gao等[11]以磷脂為穩(wěn)定劑將姜黃素制備成納米結(jié)晶新制劑,發(fā)現(xiàn)姜黃素納米新劑型較單純姜黃素水溶性增加了近600倍,并且對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的抑制作用明顯強(qiáng)于單純姜黃素組。其他的劑型還包括微球藥物搭載系統(tǒng)、脂質(zhì)體/磷脂復(fù)合物等,均從一定程度上提高了姜黃素的生物利用度[12-13]。
腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)依賴于細(xì)胞周期的正常更替。在這過程中,周期蛋白(Cyclins)起著關(guān)鍵調(diào)控的作用[14-15]。CyclinD1是Cyclins家族成員中在G1期最先被合成的,于G1中期達(dá)峰值。目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)CyclinD1異常高表達(dá)于食道、肺、乳腺、腸道惡性腫瘤等[16-17],并與惡性細(xì)胞增殖程度相關(guān)。而機(jī)制研究則表明CyclinD1與細(xì)胞周期素依賴激酶CDK4/6形成CyclinD1-CDK復(fù)合物,該激酶復(fù)合物磷酸化Rb蛋白,釋放出E2F而促使細(xì)胞進(jìn)入S期[18-20]。CyclinD1過度表達(dá)使細(xì)胞周期G1/S期轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間縮短,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞周期轉(zhuǎn)換速度,從而導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞增殖失控。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到姜黃素作用前、后HT-29細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),細(xì)胞周期的變化,并結(jié)合免疫印跡法中CyclinD1基因表達(dá)結(jié)果,本文推測(cè)姜黃素對(duì)CyclinD1基因的影響進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致的G1期阻滯可能是其抑制HT-29細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)增殖的途徑之一。
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Influence of curcumin on proliferation,cell cycle distribution of HT-29 cells and CyclinD1 gene expression*
FangLi1,ZhouJin2△,XieHua2,YaoWenxiu2,ZhouHang2,WeiYang2,WangLiyang2
(1.DepartmentofGastroenterology,FirstAffiliatedHospital,ChengduMedicalCollege,Chengdu,Sichuan610500,China;2DepartmentofMedicalOncology,SichuanProvincialTumorHospital,Chengdu,Sichuan610041,China)
Objective To investigate the effect of curcumin on the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of human colon cancer cells HT-29 and its potential mechanism.Methods HT-29 cells were cultured in logarithmic growth phase with different concentrations of curcumin-1640 medium.The morphologic differences of cellular growth were observed at the time points of 24,48,72 h.The survival inhibition rate of curcumin on HT-29 cells was analyzed by MTT test.Then the changes of cell cycle distribution before and after adding curcumin was tested by flow cytometry.Western blot assay was adopted to detect the expression change of CyclinD1 in HT-29 cells after treating by curcumin.Results After adding curcumin diluent,the HT-29 cells growth obviously turned to slow,the shape was changed from satiation to long and thin,pulling off from wall was increased.MTT indicated that curcumin could significantly inhibit HT-29 cells growth at a time- and dose-dependent manner.As showing by flow cytometry,curcumin could induce G0/G1arrested.The G1phase proportions at 24,48,72 h were 38.2%,44.6% and 49.3% respectively,the difference compared with the control group was statistically significant.Western blot test found that curcumin could significantly decrease the CyclinD1 gene expression in HT-29 cells,moreover the inhibiting effect became stronger with the action time extending.Conclusion Curcumin can significantly inhibit the expression of CyclinD1 gene in human colon cancer cell line HT-29 and induces G1phase arrest subsequently.
curcumin;colon neoplasms;HT-29;CyclinD1
10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2016.32.005
四川省科技廳科研基金資助項(xiàng)目(2011JYZ034、2016JY0115)。 作者簡(jiǎn)介:方麗(1977-),副教授,碩士導(dǎo)師,博士,主要從事胃腸疾病臨床及發(fā)病機(jī)制研究?!?/p>
E-mail:zhoujt521@163.com。
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1671-8348(2016)32-4479-03
2016-04-04
2016-05-17)