葉南海+何韻+施奇佳+鄧鑫+毛億+戚一男

摘 要：為了解決散料輸送機(jī)械的設(shè)計(jì)及其優(yōu)化過(guò)程中存在的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)周期長(zhǎng)、方案優(yōu)化過(guò)程慢等問(wèn)題，開(kāi)發(fā)出一套針對(duì)散料輸送機(jī)械的快速設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)平臺(tái).以某公司斗輪機(jī)構(gòu)的斗子和輪體為例，首先建立了參數(shù)化尺寸驅(qū)動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)模型；然后基于參數(shù)化的原理利用有限元分析軟件建立多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化分析模型，實(shí)現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)品的快速優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，提升了復(fù)雜鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)效率與準(zhǔn)確性；最后將參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)與參數(shù)化分析優(yōu)化模塊進(jìn)行高度集成，搭建完成快速設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)，用戶可通過(guò)快速設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)的交互界面輸入?yún)?shù)得到所需要的產(chǎn)品.工程實(shí)踐表明，該快速設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)對(duì)散料輸送機(jī)械的系列化開(kāi)發(fā)具有較好的應(yīng)用前景.

關(guān)鍵詞：參數(shù)化；散料輸送機(jī)械；設(shè)計(jì)與分析；多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化；快速設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：TH132.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

文章編號(hào)：1674-2974（2016）10-0016-07

Abstract：To meet the demands of today's market fast fine design and to solve the bulk material conveying machinery's problem of long cycle of product design and slow process of optimization， we developed a platform of rapid design system for bulk material conveying machinery. Taking the bucket and wheel body of a company's bucket wheel mechanism as an examples， we firstly built parametric dimension driven design models， and then used the finite element analysis software to establish multi-objective optimization models based on the principle of parametric， realized the quick optimization of product design， and improved the design efficiency and the accuracy of the complex steel structure. Finally， the parametric design and parametric analysis of the optimization module were highly integrated and the rapid design system platform was completed. Users can use the interactive interface of the rapid design system platform input parameters to get the product they need. The example has indicated that the rapid design system has good application prospects in the serialization development of bulk material conveying machinery.

Key words：parameterization；bulk material conveying machinery； design and analysis； multi-objective optimization； rapid design system

散料輸送機(jī)械在港口、礦山等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用得到了越來(lái)越廣泛地重視，國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)散料輸送機(jī)械進(jìn)行了CAD/CAE方面的研究[1-2].最常見(jiàn)的是以實(shí)現(xiàn)輕量化為目的，運(yùn)用有限元分析[3]，疲勞強(qiáng)度分析[4]，動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真等相關(guān)知識(shí)對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[5].然而由于散料輸送機(jī)械的組成零件繁多，零部件之間關(guān)聯(lián)緊密，對(duì)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的分析修改以及尺寸參數(shù)調(diào)整的工作量較大，尤其涉及到產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)化時(shí)，往往會(huì)因?yàn)檠邪l(fā)周期過(guò)長(zhǎng)，而延誤生產(chǎn)及產(chǎn)品交付周期.

本文開(kāi)發(fā)一套基于參數(shù)化的散料輸送機(jī)械快速設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)[6-7]，以斗輪機(jī)構(gòu)中斗子與輪體為例，首先依靠已知的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)和工況，建立參數(shù)化三維模型和有限元分析模型，得出可供快速修改的三維實(shí)體模型和工程圖以及斗子和輪體負(fù)載狀況下的力學(xué)性能；然后根據(jù)相應(yīng)的計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)，以符合產(chǎn)品強(qiáng)度剛度等力學(xué)性能的要求為前提，針對(duì)斗輪機(jī)構(gòu)中斗子和輪體產(chǎn)品性能進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化；最終集成各個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行快速設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)搭建與封裝，達(dá)到了高精、高效完成產(chǎn)品系列化開(kāi)發(fā)的目的.

1 快速設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)流程

該快速設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)包括參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)、參數(shù)化分析、基于多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化以及平臺(tái)封裝等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，具體的開(kāi)發(fā)流程圖如圖1所示.

2 參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)

2.1 參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)軟件平臺(tái)選擇

在工程機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中三維建模軟件的發(fā)展特別快，為產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)提供了非常便利的工具.INVENTOR是一款非常適用于大型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程機(jī)械快速建模的軟件，能方便地檢查裝配過(guò)程中造成的干涉問(wèn)題；該軟件由AUTODESK公司開(kāi)發(fā)，能與常用的二維制圖軟件AutoCAD進(jìn)行無(wú)縫鏈接，生成的DWG格式工程圖用AutoCAD查看時(shí)不會(huì)有圖元缺失，并且工程圖與三維數(shù)模鏈接能同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)參數(shù)化驅(qū)動(dòng)，保證了參數(shù)化驅(qū)動(dòng)的時(shí)效性和完整性.本文選用INVENTOR軟件作為專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)中建立參數(shù)化三維數(shù)模和二維工程圖的軟件平臺(tái)，并以斗輪機(jī)構(gòu)中輪體和斗子為例進(jìn)行了參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)[8-9].