楊書枝供稿

閱讀理解之鄰里篇

楊書枝供稿

俗話說“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰，近鄰不如對門”，又說“千金買宅，萬金買鄰”，足見鄰居之于生活的意義。和諧融洽的鄰里關(guān)系會使得生活充盈、其樂融融；反之則會陰霾不斷、雞犬不寧，生活質(zhì)量大打折扣。

在學(xué)習(xí)中，我們經(jīng)常會遇到有關(guān)鄰里關(guān)系的閱讀文章。這類文章多以記敘或夾敘夾議的形式呈現(xiàn)，它們通過寫人記事來揭示文章主題，顯示其社會意義，一般采用順敘或倒敘的方法。所設(shè)題目通常是一些細(xì)節(jié)問題，常與Who、What、When、Where、Why和How有關(guān)，考查時間、地點、人物以及事件的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果，有時也考查其中引發(fā)的議論和思考。

解答此類題目時，我們要做到以下幾點：首先，抓住文章的六個要素。不是每篇文章都有完整的六個要素，但找出這些要素是正確快速解題的先決條件；其次，注意作者的觀點與態(tài)度。此類文章常伴有作者思想感情的流露，或議論或抒情，它們往往體現(xiàn)文章的主旨或?qū)懽饕鈭D，要細(xì)細(xì)體會；再次，有章有據(jù)地進(jìn)行解題判斷。無論是分析細(xì)節(jié)還是歸納主題，切不可脫離文章，要讓我們的分析有章可循、有據(jù)可依。

下面就是兩篇有關(guān)鄰里關(guān)系的閱讀文章。在不同的鄰里關(guān)系中，人們收獲了什么、又遭遇了什么？而文章后的問題又該如何解答呢？

【專題訓(xùn)練A】

After retiring, Uncle Huang and his wife moved into a new neighborhood in 2010. They hoped to live a happy life there.

Unfortunately, they have got into trouble since 2011. “Almost every night, from 9:00 to 12:00, there are always strange sounds coming from the neighbor upstairs,” said Aunt Huang.

“We are both over 60 years old, and we want to live peacefully and quietly. But the two children upstairs always make a lot of different noises. They run, pull chairs or drop something. So it’s hard for us to fall asleep. My wife has to eat medicine or sleeping pills. We both have lost a lot of weight. My wife is even 15 kilos lighter than she used to be,” said Uncle Huang.

After communicating with the neighbor, the problem still hasn’t been solved. That made Uncle Huang very angry. “The building is thin itself, but if the parents pay more attention to their children’s activities and ask them to be quieter, it will be better,” said Uncle Huang.

1. What troubled Uncle Huang and his wife?

A. The building itself.

B. The neighbor downstairs.

C. The sound from upstairs.

D. The stranger in the neighborhood.

2.____isn’t mentioned in the third paragraph.

A. Talking loudly B. Running C. Pulling chairs D. Dropping things

3. Aunt Huang ate sleeping pills because____.

A. she was badly ill

B. the noise made her not fall asleep

C. the problem was solved

D. she wanted to lose her weight

4. The underlined word “That” refers to____.

A. they are both over 60 years old

B. they hope to live a happy life

C. communicating with the neighbor

D. the problem hasn’t been solved

5. What can we know from the passage?

A. Uncle Huang lives a peaceful and quiet life.

B. There are five people in the neighbor’s family.

C. The two children should be asked to be quieter.

D. Parents shouldn’t say anything to their children.

【專題訓(xùn)練B】

There is a special library in a neighborhood. It is built by Jose Gutierrez, a garbage collector.

Jose is 53 years old. When he was in Grade Two, his family was so poor that he had to leave school then. But that did not prevent Jose from having a love of reading that he got from his mother who read stories to him every night.

Jose hopes that every poor child in his city can have books to read. But it seems to be difficult. Books are luxuries（奢侈品）for boys and girls in low-income neighborhoods such as his, with new reading materials at bookstores too expensive. Though there are 19 libraries in Bogota, the city where Jose lives, they are all far away from poorer areas.

Jose started collecting old books at the age of 33. Every day he drives the garbage truck through the city’s rich neighborhoods to get old books. Now there are about 20,000 books in Jose’s small house. It is already a famous library in his neighborhood and many poor children like to look for books there.

1. What did Jose get from his mother?

A. The famous library. B. The love of reading.

C. A neighborhood. D. Some luxuries.

2. The meaning of the underlined word “l(fā)ow-income” is ____.

A. 低碳的 B. 低聲的 C. 低收入的 D. 低趣味的

3. Jose has collected old books for____ years.

A. 53 B. 35 C. 20 D. 12

4. How did Jose collect old books?

A. By asking people to give old books to him.

B. By saving old books from garbage.

C. By buying old books in rich neighborhoods.

D. By borrowing old books from the libraries.

5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Jose Gutierrez is from Bogota.

B. Jose lives in a poor neighborhood.

C. It’s kind of Jose to help poor children to read.

D. The special library isn’t helpful to poor children at all.

【答案解析】

A

黃伯和黃姨退休后搬到了一個新小區(qū)，希望在那里安度晚年。不料，來自樓上的噪音讓他們陷入了困境……

1. C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“...there are always strange sounds coming from the neighbor upstairs.”及第三段中的“But the two children upstairs always make a lot of different noises.”可知他們?yōu)閬碜詷巧系穆曇羲_。

2. A. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本段中的第三句話“They run, pull chairs or drop something.”可知“Talking loudly”沒有被提到。

3. B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的第四、五句話“So it’s hard for us to fall asleep. My wife has to eat medicine or sleeping pills.”可知黃姨吃安眠藥是因為噪音讓她無法入睡。

4. D. 詞義猜測題。由第四段的第一句話“After communicating with the neighbor, the problem still hasn’t been solved.”可知溝通無果是造成黃伯生氣的原因，故“That”指代“問題依然沒有解決”。

5. C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項所述與黃伯正為噪音所擾不符；兩個孩子加上他們的父母一共是四口人，所以B項所述與原文不符；由最后一段中黃伯的話“...and ask them to be quieter, it will be better.”可知C項所述與原文相符；由最后一段中黃伯的話可知父母應(yīng)該對孩子有所指導(dǎo)，所以D項所述與原文不符。故選C。

B

本文主要介紹了Jose Gutierrez以及他在富裕小區(qū)撿拾舊書、在貧窮小區(qū)建立特殊圖書館的事跡。

1. B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段尾句“But that did not prevent Jose from having a love of reading that he got from his mother who read stories to him every night.”可知他在媽媽那兒得到的是對讀書的熱愛，故選B。

2. C. 詞義猜測題。由第三段第三句話的“l(fā)uxuries”及第三段尾句中的“poorer areas”可推知low-income意為“低收入的”。

3. C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的首句“Jose is 53 years old.”及第四段的首句“Jose started collecting old books at the age of 33.”可知他收集舊書已經(jīng)20年了，故選C。

4. B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段的第二句話“Every day he drives the garbage truck through the city’s rich neighborhoods to get old books.”可知他是從垃圾中撿拾舊書，故選B。

5. D. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項所述與第三段的最后一句話“Though there are 19 libraries in Bogota, the city where Jose lives...”相符；B項所述同樣與第三段的最后一句話相符；C項所述與文章對Jose的贊賞相符；D項所述與文章的最后一句話“…and many poor children like to look for books there.”不符。故選D。

楊書枝，中學(xué)英語一級教師、市級骨干教師、英語學(xué)科帶頭人、“研教”雙佳教師。有多篇論文發(fā)表于省級、國家級刊物；主編《中學(xué)教學(xué)全解》《中學(xué)教材全練》《英語閱讀專項突破與特訓(xùn)》《開心英語閱讀理解150篇》《輕松閱讀訓(xùn)練》等書籍；被《英語周報》等報刊評為“骨干作者”和“精英作者”。多次押中中考的閱讀理解、完形填空及書面表達(dá)題。