渡江戰(zhàn)役紀(jì)念館，安徽，中國(guó)

1 外景/Exterior view

2 總平面/Site plan

渡江戰(zhàn)役紀(jì)念館位于中國(guó)安徽合肥的巢湖北岸，整個(gè)紀(jì)念園占地約29，000m2，建筑面積約15，000m2，其中紀(jì)念館為園區(qū)的核心部分。渡江戰(zhàn)役紀(jì)念館是為紀(jì)念中國(guó)解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中跨江統(tǒng)一全中國(guó)的重要戰(zhàn)役而建設(shè)的，該紀(jì)念館以“渡江”“勝利”為主題。我們的創(chuàng)意以簡(jiǎn)約、象形的表現(xiàn)主義手法表達(dá)主題思想，巨大的前傾三角形實(shí)體展現(xiàn)出一種勢(shì)不可擋的力度與動(dòng)感，從而營(yíng)造出“渡江”與“勝利”的氛圍與場(chǎng)所感。

設(shè)計(jì)在兩塊巨大三角實(shí)體中間留出一條6m寬的“時(shí)空”隧道，將當(dāng)今與歷史貫通于一起，人們通過(guò)“渡”與“登”的行為動(dòng)作體驗(yàn)與感受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、勝利的隱喻。作為國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，兩塊巨大的紀(jì)念體猶如巨碑默默地向后人示意與陳述，以一種崇高的人文精神、包容的態(tài)度客觀地追憶以往，回顧過(guò)去，啟迪后人追求和平與進(jìn)步。

紀(jì)念館室內(nèi)空間注重序列性與儀式感，近50m長(zhǎng)的半圓雕塑巨墻為陳列展示之高潮。雕塑家對(duì)作品傾注的激情注入對(duì)空間氛圍的營(yíng)造是畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛之筆。沿著展陳流線越過(guò)歷史的節(jié)點(diǎn)與細(xì)節(jié)，人們會(huì)步入水下紀(jì)念廳，仰首望去通過(guò)水面將室內(nèi)室外融為一體，創(chuàng)造出特殊的空間交疊與層次感。最后，人們進(jìn)入軍功廳，巨型渡江壁畫(huà)與滿布水下的無(wú)名碑，再次將人們的情緒推向一個(gè)新的高潮，而后經(jīng)過(guò)軍功章環(huán)廊步出紀(jì)念館。

整個(gè)紀(jì)念館建筑將室外環(huán)境與室內(nèi)展陳統(tǒng)一創(chuàng)意，理念貫穿如一，使其主題意義得以充分表達(dá)。據(jù)館方統(tǒng)計(jì)，從2012年4月開(kāi)館至今，年平均參觀人次超過(guò)50萬(wàn)。時(shí)至今日，紀(jì)念館園區(qū)綠樹(shù)成蔭，也成為巢湖岸邊一處供市民休閑放松的好去處。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 孟建民，李勁鵬，邢立華，易豫，肖松，徐婷，李梅等/ MENG Jianmin， LI Jinpeng， XING Lihua， YI Yu， XIAO Song， XU Ting， LI Mei， et al.

用地面積/Site Area: 15，452m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 14，711m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2007

攝影/Photos: 傅興/FU Xing

The Memorial of Crossing-the-Yangtze-River Campaign is situated on the north bank of Chaohu Lake in Hefei， Anhui Province. The memorial park has an overall area of 29，000m2， and the construction area is approximately 15，000m2， with the Memorial being the core component of the park. Te Memorial was constructed in honor of the momentous battle where the People's Liberation Army of China crossed the Yangtze River to unify the whole China during the Liberation War， featuring "crossing the Yangtze River" and "victory"， therefore the idea is to highlight the features in a simple and resembling way. Te huge forward leaning triangular body shows an irresistible strength and dynamic， thereby creates the atmosphere of "crossing the Yangtze River" and "victory" as well as the sense of place.

Between two huge triangular bodies， there is a 6m-wide "time-space" tunnel that links up today and the history， and visitors are able to experience the metaphor of war and victory by actually "crossing the river" and "climbing the mountains". As memorials of the domestic war， the two great monuments resemble huge stone tablets， which aim to preserve the historical event for future generations. Based on ideas of humanity's noble spirit and tolerant attitude， the tablets recall the past objectively， and aim to inspire future generations to pursue peace and progress.

Te indoor space of the Memorial lays emphasis on sequentiality and the sense of rite， where the semi-circular sculptural wall that is almost 50m long is the climax of the exhibition. The sculptor's creation of the spatial atmosphere with the passion infused into his work even highlights the essence of the exhibition， where visitors walk along the exhibition route to pass the milestones and details of the history， and then walk into the underwater memorial hall to appreciate the special overlap of spaces and sense of layer by looking up through the water to see the fusion of indoor and outdoor spaces. Lastly， visitors enter the military glory hall，where the huge wall painting featuring crossing the Yangtze River is hung and nameless steles are placed under the water. Visitors' moods are advanced to a new climax in the military glory hall， and then walk out of the memorial via the corridor of military medals.

3 外景/Exterior view

4 首層平面/Floor 1 plan

5 二層平面/Floor 2 plan

6 剖面/Section

7 外景/Exterior view

The whole memorial building unifies the conceptions and ideas of outdoor environment and indoor exhibition， which facilitates the full expression of the themes and purposes of the exhibition. According to official statistics， over 500，000 visitors flocked to the Memorial Museum annually since its opening in April 2012. Today， the Memorial Museum park is full of trees and green plants， so it has also become a place of relaxation along the shore of Chaohu.

8 內(nèi)景/Interior view

9 剖面/Section

評(píng)論

金秋野：渡江戰(zhàn)役是解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的決定性事件，毛主席曾有詩(shī)云：“鐘山風(fēng)雨起蒼黃，百萬(wàn)雄師過(guò)大江”，與長(zhǎng)征的艱苦卓絕不同，渡江戰(zhàn)役是摧枯拉朽的雷霆?dú)鈩?shì)。如何充分表達(dá)這份豪邁？孟建民團(tuán)隊(duì)在渡江戰(zhàn)役紀(jì)念館中采用了基本幾何形體的紀(jì)念性體量，用三角形的斜線和銳角來(lái)強(qiáng)化進(jìn)逼的動(dòng)勢(shì)，用傾斜的造型來(lái)代表不可戰(zhàn)勝的決心，用超人的尺度來(lái)樹(shù)立豐碑。

場(chǎng)地沿一條垂直于湖面的縱軸展開(kāi)，館外從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人——五前委群雕為起點(diǎn)，依次經(jīng)過(guò)勝利之師雕塑、解放廣場(chǎng)、鐵石鋪成的金沙灘、勝利廣場(chǎng)，終止于90m高的五角星勝利塔。建筑位于軸線的前端，俯瞰長(zhǎng)方形的水池，遙望蒼茫巢湖，以此隱喻大戰(zhàn)前空氣凝重的瞬間。建筑巋然不動(dòng)，仿佛蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)，具有強(qiáng)烈的象征性，整潔的石材表面上毫無(wú)裝飾，形式語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔有力。

主體建筑被一條6m寬的中央通路切開(kāi)，主入口位于傾斜面中線之下，通過(guò)大臺(tái)階通往二層，路徑安排營(yíng)造出涉水登臨的意象。建筑的參觀路徑也是高度儀式性的，內(nèi)部空間外方內(nèi)圓，中央圓形大廳安置著近50m高的半圓形浮雕“勝利之師”，給觀眾帶來(lái)強(qiáng)烈的視覺(jué)震撼。館內(nèi)收藏有上千件征集來(lái)的與渡江戰(zhàn)役相關(guān)的文物，其中不僅包括史料圖片，還包括大量的戰(zhàn)時(shí)物件，并用現(xiàn)代科技手段營(yíng)造出驚心動(dòng)魄的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)氣氛。

建筑的整體氣氛是寧?kù)o肅穆的，作為市民休閑的廣場(chǎng)，與60多年前的蒼茫風(fēng)雨形成強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比，以此突出“和平來(lái)之不易”的主題。

Comments

JIN Qiuye: Crossing-the-Yangtze-River Campaign was a decisive event in the War of Liberation. Chairman Mao once made a poem，depicting millions of soldiers crossing the Yangtze-River when revolution started in Nanjing. Different from the arduous and enduring Long March， the Campaign was powerful as thunder. How to fully express this heroism？ In the design of the Memorial of Crossingthe-Yangtze-River Campaign， MENG Jianmin and his team adopted basic geometric shapes in memorial volume. Tey use the diagonals and acute angles of triangle to reinforce the momentum， italic shape to represent the invincible determination， the superhuman scale to build a monument.

The site is along a longitudinal axis perpendicular to the lake. Te outdoor space starts from the Five-Leader Statue， followed by the Master Sculpture of Victory， Liberation Square， stone-paved Golden Beach， and the Victory Square. This sequence ends at a 90m high fve-point star Victory Tower. Te building is located in the front of this axis， overlooking the rectangular pool， gazing into the vast Chao Lake and hence refecting solemn atmosphere before the campaign. Te building sits frmly， gathering momentum. It is highly symbolic. Clean stone surface without decoration shows concise but powerful pattern and language.

The main building is cut by a 6m wide central pathway while the main entrance is under the middle line of the inclined plane. Visitors can take the grand stairs to the Second Floor and the path arrangement creates a sense of climbing in the water. Visiting route is also highly ceremonial. Interior space is round in the center but rectangular on the outside. A near 50m high emboss "Victorious Division"， located in the central round hall， brings a strong visual impact. Museum has thousands of relics associated with the Crossingthe-Yangtze-River Campaign， including not only the historical picture， but also a large numbers of objects in time of war. Moreover，modern technology is used to create a thrilling atmosphere of war.

Te whole building is quiet and solemn. As a public leisure square， it is in strong contrast with the turbulence 60 years ago so as to highlight the theme of hard-won peace. （Translated by ZHANG Xian）

Memorial of Crossing-the-Yangtze-River Campaign， Anhui， China， 2012