趙全良,張春香,菅寶芬
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·臨床研究·
1型糖尿病患者早期視覺(jué)誘發(fā)電位和視網(wǎng)膜電圖分析
趙全良1,張春香2,菅寶芬3
?METHODS:Sixty patients, 30 males and 30 females, participated in observation group. Their average age was 19.42±7.78years. The duration of DM was <5a. Best corrected visual acuity was 5.0. Fasting blood glucose was 7.8±3.6mmol/L. There were 60 subjects, 30 males and 30 females, in control group. Their average age was 17.2±6.52years. Best corrected visual acuity was 5.0. Every participator was tested with PVEP and FERG according to ISCVE standard. The amplitude of PVEP and P100 latency were recorded. And the b-wave latency, b-wave amplitude, a-wave latency, a-wave amplitude were showed down.
?RESULTS:In observation group, P100 amplitude decreased and P100 latency increased, compared to those of control group (P<0.01); b-wave latency, b-wave amplitude, a-wave latency, a-wave amplitude were different from those in control group(P<0.01); the fasting blood glucose kept stable; P100 amplitude, b-wave amplitude and a-wave amplitude were not related to the DM duration; P100 latency, a-wave latency and b-wave latency were related to the DM duration.
?CONCLUSION: PVEP are sensitive to optic neuron damage; FERG is desirable to detect the lesion of Müller cells and bipolar cells. P100 amplitude by PVEP, b-wave amplitude by FERG may be the most sensitive parameter for DR at early stage.
目的:探討1型糖尿病患者早期的視覺(jué)電生理變化情況,分析糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變的早期與視覺(jué)誘發(fā)電位和視網(wǎng)膜電圖改變的相關(guān)性。
方法:觀(guān)察組60例1型糖尿病患者,男女比例均等,平均年齡19.42±7.78歲,病程小于5a,矯正視力5.0,平均空腹血糖7.8±3.6mmol/L。進(jìn)行圖形視覺(jué)誘發(fā)電位和閃光視網(wǎng)膜電圖檢查。對(duì)照組60例正常人,男女比例均等,平均年齡17.2±6.52歲,矯正視力5.0,進(jìn)行圖形視覺(jué)誘發(fā)電位和閃光視網(wǎng)膜電圖檢查;記錄兩組PVEP參數(shù)P100波潛伏期和P100波振幅值,F(xiàn)ERG參數(shù)a波潛伏值、b波潛伏期、a波振幅值、b波振幅值。
結(jié)果:觀(guān)察組的參數(shù)P100波振幅值、P100波潛伏期與對(duì)照組比較,有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),均有振幅值降低,潛伏期延長(zhǎng);觀(guān)察組的參數(shù)a波潛伏期、a波振幅值、b波潛伏期、b波振幅值與對(duì)照組比較差異有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);觀(guān)察組平均空腹血糖控制穩(wěn)定,PVEP P100的振幅值、FERG a、b波的振幅值與糖尿病程無(wú)關(guān),而PVEP P100的潛伏值、FERG a、b波的潛伏值與糖尿病程有關(guān)。
結(jié)論:圖形視覺(jué)誘發(fā)電位提示糖尿病患者視神經(jīng)元損傷較為敏感;閃光視網(wǎng)膜電圖是早期發(fā)現(xiàn)糖尿病患者視網(wǎng)膜Müller細(xì)胞和雙極細(xì)胞損害的理想手段;圖形視覺(jué)誘發(fā)電位參數(shù) P100波振幅值、閃光視網(wǎng)膜電圖參數(shù)b波振幅值可能是糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜臨床前期最敏感的診斷指標(biāo)。
視功能損害;糖尿?。灰曈X(jué)誘發(fā)電位;視網(wǎng)膜電圖
引用:趙全良,張春香,菅寶芬.1型糖尿病患者早期視覺(jué)誘發(fā)電位和視網(wǎng)膜電圖分析.國(guó)際眼科雜志2016;16(7):1316-1318
糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變(diabetic retinopathy, DR)是糖尿病(diabetes mellitus, DM)最常見(jiàn)的微血管并發(fā)癥之一,已成為致盲的主要眼病。據(jù)報(bào)道全球DM的發(fā)病人數(shù)預(yù)計(jì)將從2011年的3.66億增加到2030年的5.52億[1],2010年我國(guó)糖尿病患病率為11.6%,而糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變患者逐年增加,臨床上迫切需要行之有效的早期診斷方法,而視覺(jué)電生理是記錄視覺(jué)沖動(dòng)在視網(wǎng)膜至視皮質(zhì)過(guò)程中的神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)過(guò)程的有效方法,所以視覺(jué)電生理對(duì)于DR早期視網(wǎng)膜功能的評(píng)估是非常敏感的[2]。現(xiàn)將我院近6a觀(guān)察60例120眼1型糖尿病患者,圖形視覺(jué)誘發(fā)電位和閃光視網(wǎng)膜電圖檢查結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1.1對(duì)象選取我院2009-01/2014-12從經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌科確診的1型糖尿病患者進(jìn)行眼科會(huì)診,收集糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變0期患者60例,平均空腹血糖7.5±3.6mmol/L,均為1型糖尿病患者,男女均等,為觀(guān)察組;60例無(wú)眼病的健康志愿者,男女均等,為對(duì)照組。
1.2方法
1.2.1 FERG檢查采用AVES-2000視覺(jué)電生理儀,設(shè)置FERG參數(shù):采用國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參數(shù)。雙眼同時(shí)記錄,結(jié)果由電腦自動(dòng)分析處理并打印,由同一技師操作完成。
1.2.2 PVEP檢測(cè)采用國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參數(shù),雙眼分別記錄,結(jié)果由電腦自動(dòng)分析處理并打印。由同一技師操作完成。記錄對(duì)照組和觀(guān)察組圖形視覺(jué)誘發(fā)電位參數(shù)P100波潛伏期和P100波振幅值。閃光視網(wǎng)膜電圖參數(shù)a波潛伏期、b波潛伏期和a波振幅值、b波振幅值。
2.1觀(guān)察組與對(duì)照組PVEP和FERG參數(shù)結(jié)果比較觀(guān)察組與對(duì)照組PVEP參數(shù)P100波潛伏值和P100波振幅值比較有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),DM組P100波潛伏值延長(zhǎng),P100波振幅值降低。觀(guān)察組與對(duì)照組FERG參數(shù)a波潛伏期、a波振幅值和b波潛伏期、b波振幅值比較有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。觀(guān)察組a波潛伏期延長(zhǎng),a波振幅值下降,觀(guān)察組b波潛伏值延長(zhǎng),b波振幅值下降,見(jiàn)表1。
2.2病程對(duì)觀(guān)察組與對(duì)照組PVEP和 FERG參數(shù)檢查結(jié)果的影響由表2可見(jiàn)病程2~3a觀(guān)察組、病程>3~4a觀(guān)察組、病程>4~5a觀(guān)察組在P100波潛伏期(ms)、P100波振幅值(μV)、a波潛伏期(ms)和b波潛伏期(ms)與對(duì)照組整體比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.01)。病程對(duì)b波潛伏期(ms)改變有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),病程對(duì)P100波潛伏期(ms)、P100波振幅值(μV)、a 波潛伏期(ms)的改變無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,見(jiàn)表3。
文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,DR早期神經(jīng)纖維的軸突、軸索變性以及長(zhǎng)形纖維細(xì)胞和膠原纖維已發(fā)生增生,視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)元功能異常[3]。FERG、PVEP反映視覺(jué)沖動(dòng)從視網(wǎng)膜感光細(xì)胞層至大腦枕葉視皮質(zhì)的神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)的功能狀態(tài)。其中PVEP主要反應(yīng)從視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞、雙極細(xì)胞起的視路傳導(dǎo)的功能和狀態(tài),尤其是對(duì)圖形視覺(jué)敏感的黃斑區(qū)及視覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路上的疾患。P100波潛伏期主要反應(yīng)視覺(jué)通路在大腦皮層內(nèi)各區(qū)神經(jīng)元的雪旺氏細(xì)胞跳躍式運(yùn)動(dòng)的傳遞信號(hào)的功能和狀態(tài)。P100波潛伏期的延長(zhǎng),表明了視功能傳導(dǎo)障礙,主要與視神經(jīng)髓鞘的雪旺氏細(xì)胞的跳躍式運(yùn)動(dòng)病損有關(guān)。而 P100波幅減低的病理改變是軸索的病損引起軸索數(shù)目的減少[4]。本試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果顯示:糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變臨床前期,顯示觀(guān)察組與對(duì)照組PVEP參數(shù)P100波潛伏值和 P100波振幅值比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),觀(guān)察組P100波潛伏期延長(zhǎng),P100波振幅值降低。
1980年代,Bresnick[5]認(rèn)為DR可能是早期的神經(jīng)病變所引起 ,他提出視覺(jué)電生理和視覺(jué)心理物理學(xué)檢查應(yīng)成為糖尿病患者的常規(guī)檢查手段。糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變0期被稱(chēng)作DR臨床前期[6]。Hart等研究證實(shí)在DR臨床前期,患者的閃光視網(wǎng)膜電圖(flash electroretinogram,F(xiàn)ERG-b)檢查就可出現(xiàn)波振幅的降低,糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變1期以上患者FERG-b波振幅明顯降低,同時(shí)閃光視網(wǎng)膜電圖(ERG)檢查常用于對(duì)DR高危人群的監(jiān)測(cè)及對(duì)糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變治療效果的觀(guān)察[7]。li等[8]研究糖尿病大鼠2wk時(shí)FERG的振幅就比對(duì)照組下降,表明糖尿病對(duì)FERG-b波的影響大于對(duì)a波。FERG主要反映視網(wǎng)膜Müller細(xì)胞和雙極細(xì)胞功能,a波主要反映視網(wǎng)膜光感受器的功能,b波一般認(rèn)為反映視網(wǎng)膜Müller細(xì)胞和雙極細(xì)胞的電活動(dòng),來(lái)源于Müller細(xì)胞和雙極細(xì)胞的跨膜電流[9]。在視網(wǎng)膜功能診斷方面是一個(gè)敏感的指標(biāo)。本研究試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示:糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變臨床前期,結(jié)果顯示觀(guān)察組與對(duì)照組FERG參數(shù)a波潛伏期、a波振幅值和b波潛伏期、b波振幅值比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。觀(guān)察組a波潛伏期延長(zhǎng),a波振幅值降低,觀(guān)察組b波潛伏期延長(zhǎng),b波振幅值降低,研究表明DR臨床前期已發(fā)生了視網(wǎng)膜光感受器、Müller細(xì)胞和雙極細(xì)胞的損害。因此,F(xiàn)ERG是提示糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變臨床前期視網(wǎng)膜功能異常的重要指標(biāo)。本組試驗(yàn)研究顯示,觀(guān)察組PVEP中P100波振幅值和FERG的b波振幅值改變比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,所以P100波振幅值和b波振幅值可能是糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變臨床前期診斷較敏感的指標(biāo)。血糖升高與視網(wǎng)膜功能的損害有密切關(guān)系,持續(xù)的高血糖狀態(tài)可導(dǎo)致視神經(jīng)細(xì)胞發(fā)生不可逆的損害。觀(guān)察組PVEP中P100波潛伏期延長(zhǎng),P100波振幅值降低;FERG的a波潛伏期延長(zhǎng),a波振幅值降低;b波潛伏期延長(zhǎng),b波振幅值波振幅值降低,提示高血糖是DR臨床前期的神經(jīng)元受損的主要原因。
本研究結(jié)果顯示觀(guān)察組平均空腹血糖控制穩(wěn)定,PVEP P100的振幅值、FERG a、b波的振幅值與糖尿病程無(wú)關(guān),而PVEP P100的潛伏值、FERG a、b波的潛伏期與糖尿病程有關(guān),表明DR病變的程度加重與糖尿病程有關(guān)。
表1 觀(guān)察組與對(duì)照組PVEP和FERG參數(shù)檢查結(jié)果比較±s
注:觀(guān)察組:1型糖尿病患者;對(duì)照組:無(wú)眼病的健康志愿者。
表2 病程對(duì)觀(guān)察組與對(duì)照組PVEP和 FERG參數(shù)檢查結(jié)果整體比較±s
注:A1:對(duì)照組;A2:觀(guān)察組病程2~3a;A3;觀(guān)察組病程>3~4a;A4:觀(guān)察組病程>4~5a。
表3病程對(duì)觀(guān)察組與對(duì)照組PVEP和FERG參數(shù)檢查結(jié)果多重比較
組別比較P100波潛伏期tPP100波振幅值tPa波潛伏期tPb波潛伏期tPA1vsA29.87<0.015.51<0.018.45<0.0110.68<0.01A1vsA310.42<0.016.71<0.015.15<0.017.13<0.01A1vsA413.5<0.016.3<0.018.46<0.0112.74<0.01A2vsA30.890.371.040.301.820.072.400.02A2vsA43.23<0.010.490.620.690.492.030.04A3vsA42.230.030.570.572.030.044.27<0.01
注:A1:對(duì)照組;A2:觀(guān)察組病程2~3a;A3;觀(guān)察組病程>3~4a;A4:觀(guān)察組病程>4~5a。
綜上所述,視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)細(xì)胞病理性改變是糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變的早期改變,目前診斷DR仍依賴(lài)眼底檢查和眼底血管熒光造影檢查才能做出診斷早期糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變的診斷。以微血管病變?yōu)橹饕卣鞯?型糖尿病在眼底無(wú)明顯改變時(shí),視覺(jué)電生理功能已經(jīng)發(fā)生變化,提示視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)細(xì)胞及膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的代謝和功能改變可能先于視網(wǎng)膜血管病變的發(fā)生。
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Clinical study of electrophysiological changes of optic nerves in early period of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Quan-Liang Zhao1,Chun-Xiang Zhang2,Bao-Fen Jian3
Technology Development Planning Project of Inner Mongolia (No.20130412)
Chun-Xiang Zhang. Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Yakeshi 022150, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. zcx2008beijing@163.com
2016-03-17Accepted:2016-06-03
?AIM:To investigate the value of pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) and flash electroretinogram (FERG) in early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic retinopathy (DR), analyzing the correlation of early stage DR with PVEP and FERG.
visual dysfunction; type 1 diabetes; visual evoked potential; electroretinogram
內(nèi)蒙古科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(No.20130412)
1(022150)中國(guó)內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)牙克石市,內(nèi)蒙古民族大學(xué)第二臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院1眼科;2內(nèi)分泌科;3(130000)中國(guó)吉林省長(zhǎng)春市紅星醫(yī)院
趙全良,男,碩士,主任醫(yī)師,研究方向:糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變。
張春香,碩士,主任醫(yī)師,研究方向:糖尿病并發(fā)癥.zcx2008beijing@163.com
2016-03-17
2016-06-03
Zhao QL, Zhang CX, Jian BF.Clinical study of electrophysiological changes of optic nerves in early period of type 1 diabetes mellitus.GuojiYankeZazhi(IntEyeSci) 2016;16(7):1316-1318
10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.7.28
1Department of Ophthalmology;2Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Yakeshi 022150, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;3Changchun Red-star Hospital, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China