胡 珍,陳蘭芳,陳文生
(第三軍醫(yī)大學西南醫(yī)院全軍消化病研究所,重慶 400038)
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幽門螺桿菌與膽囊疾病關系的Meta分析
胡珍,陳蘭芳,陳文生
(第三軍醫(yī)大學西南醫(yī)院全軍消化病研究所,重慶 400038)
目的系統(tǒng)評價幽門螺桿菌與膽囊惡性疾病、膽結(jié)石、膽囊炎的關系。方法計算機檢索EMbase、Pubmed、中國科技期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(VIP)和中國生物醫(yī)學文獻數(shù)據(jù)庫(CBM)收集有關幽門螺桿菌與膽囊惡性疾病、膽結(jié)石、膽囊炎關系的文獻,檢索時限均為從建庫至2015年5月。由2名研究者根據(jù)納入和排除標準獨立篩選文獻,提取資料,并在評價納入研究的方法學質(zhì)量后,采用Stata 11.0軟件進行Meta分析。結(jié)果納入24篇文獻,Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:膽囊惡性疾病患者的幽門螺桿菌檢出率高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(OR=5.31,95%CI:2.34~12.05,P=0.000);膽結(jié)石患者的幽門螺桿菌檢出率高于對照組(OR=1.84,95%CI:1.13~2.98,P=0.014);膽囊炎患者的幽門螺桿菌檢出率高于對照組(OR=9.92,95%CI:4.04~24.39,P=0.000)。結(jié)論幽門螺桿菌是膽囊惡性疾病,膽結(jié)石,膽囊炎發(fā)生的危險因素。
幽門螺桿菌;膽結(jié)石;膽囊惡性疾??;膽囊炎;系統(tǒng)評價;Meta分析
近年來,隨著人們生活水平的提高,膽囊癌、膽管癌、膽結(jié)石、膽囊炎等的發(fā)病率逐漸升高。其中膽囊癌和膽管癌作為一種惡性腫瘤,嚴重威脅人類的健康。此外,膽結(jié)石作為一種常見病和多發(fā)病,在西方發(fā)達國家的發(fā)病率從5.9%上升到21.9%。同樣亞洲的發(fā)病率也逐漸上升,從3.1%上升到10.7%[1]。膽囊癌、膽管癌等膽囊惡性疾病目前病因尚不明確,可能與感染、膽結(jié)石等密切相關;膽結(jié)石作為一種世界范圍內(nèi)最常見的消化系統(tǒng)疾病,同肥胖、血脂異常、糖尿病等有關,異常膽囊收縮、肝腸循環(huán)均可導致膽結(jié)石形成[2-3];此外,膽囊炎的發(fā)生可能同膽結(jié)石、感染關系密切。但上述疾病病因仍不十分清楚。幽門螺桿菌從胃黏膜中分離出來,它已經(jīng)被證實為多種胃部疾病如慢性胃炎、胃潰瘍、胃癌、胃黏膜相關淋巴瘤等的危險因素之一[4]。近年來,有研究報道,在人類的肝膽管系統(tǒng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了幽門螺桿菌菌屬[5-28]。因此,有人提出幽門螺桿菌同肝膽疾病有密切關系,但也有人對此觀點提出質(zhì)疑。本研究旨在系統(tǒng)評價幽門螺桿菌菌屬同膽囊疾病的關系,以期為預防和控制膽囊惡性疾病、膽結(jié)石、膽囊炎等疾病提供更可靠的證據(jù)。
1.1納入與排除標準研究類型:國內(nèi)外幽門螺桿菌與膽囊疾病的病例對照研究。研究對象:病例組為膽囊惡性疾病或膽囊結(jié)石、膽囊炎患者;對照組為非膽囊疾病患者或與病例組不同的其他膽囊疾病患者。暴露因素:幽門螺桿菌檢測呈陽性。結(jié)局指標:通過ELISA、PCR等方法測量膽汁、膽囊組織或膽結(jié)石中幽門螺桿菌。
1.2檢索策略計算機檢索Pubmed、EMbase、中文數(shù)據(jù)庫維普數(shù)據(jù)庫(VIP)和中國生物醫(yī)學文獻數(shù)據(jù)庫(CBM)。所有檢索策略通過預檢索后確定,英文檢索時為“gallstones” OR “cholelithiasis ”O(jiān)R “l(fā)ithiasis”O(jiān)R “cholecystitis ”O(jiān)R “gallbladder carcinoma” OR “gallbladder cancer” OR “cholangiocarcinoma” OR “bile duct cancer” OR “biliary tract carcinoma” AND “helicobacter pylori”;中文檢索式為“幽門螺桿菌” AND “膽結(jié)石”O(jiān)R “膽囊炎” OR “膽囊癌” OR“膽管癌”,檢索時間均為從建庫至2015年5月,文獻語種限定為中文和英文。
1.3資料提取和質(zhì)量評價由2名研究者對納入試驗獨立進行資料提取和質(zhì)量評價,然后交叉核對,如果遇到分歧則討論解決或?qū)で蟮?人幫助。資料提取包括研究者姓名、研究發(fā)表年限、研究類型、測量方法、診斷、幽門螺桿菌陽性例數(shù)、幽門螺桿菌陰性例數(shù)等。
1.4統(tǒng)計學處理采用Stata 11.0軟件進行Meta分析,采用比值比(OR)值及95%置信區(qū)間(CI)為效應分析統(tǒng)計量,首先進行異質(zhì)性檢驗,以α先進行異質(zhì),I2=50%為檢驗水準[29];當α>0.10,I250%采用固定效應模型,反之,則選擇隨機效應模型。用Egger′s檢驗及Begg′s檢驗則對納入文獻是否存在發(fā)表偏倚進行檢測。采用轉(zhuǎn)換模型的方式進行敏感性分析。
2.1文獻檢索結(jié)果及納入研究的基本特征初檢出相關文獻466篇,經(jīng)閱讀文題和摘要,排除重復、非臨床研究及無對照組研究,初篩獲得68篇文獻,進一步閱讀全文,最終納入24篇病例對照研究[5-28]。文獻篩選流程及結(jié)果見圖1,各納入研究的基本特征見表 1。
2.2納入研究的方法學質(zhì)量評價本研究采用Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)標準[30]對納入文獻進行質(zhì)量評價。從研究對象選擇4個條目,組件可比性1個條目和結(jié)果測量3個條目,總分共計9分進行評價。有9篇[13-14]評分在6分,15篇[6-11,17-22,28]7分。見表1。
2.3Meta分析結(jié)果
2.3.1幽門螺桿菌與膽囊惡性疾病關系本研究納入的文獻中共有8篇[9-11,15,21-22,24-25]報道了幽門螺桿菌與膽囊惡性疾病的關系,且存在統(tǒng)計學異質(zhì)性(I2=53.6%),故采用隨機效應模型。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示膽囊惡性疾病組幽門螺桿菌陽性率高于對照組(OR=5.31,95%CI:2.34~12.05,P=0.000),見圖2。
圖1 文獻篩選流程圖及結(jié)果
作者年份檢測方法疾病幽門螺桿菌1234質(zhì)量評價Figura等[5]1998ELISA(H.pyloriIgG)膽結(jié)石92/112--90/1126Myung等[6]2000PCR(UreA,26×103)膽結(jié)石/膽囊惡性疾病7/460/9-0/87Bulajic等[7]2001PCR(UreaA)膽結(jié)石/膽囊炎26/48-9/171/77Roosendaal等[8]2002PCR(16SRNA)膽結(jié)石1/28--0/37Fukuda等[9]2002PCR(16sRNA)膽囊惡性疾病/膽結(jié)石3/158/16-0/77Bulajic等[10]2002PCR(16sRNA,ureaseA)膽結(jié)石/膽囊惡性疾病37/6312/15-3/117Matsukura等[11]2002PCR(16sRNA)膽囊惡性疾病/膽結(jié)石18/4224/29-4/147Sliva等[12]2003PCR(16sRNA)膽結(jié)石18/46--2/186Chen等[13]2003PCR(16sRNA),ELISA(IgG)膽結(jié)石35/70--15/377Farshad等[14]2004Rapidureasetest,PCR(16sRNA)膽結(jié)石4/33--0/407Kobayashi等[15]2005PCR(16sRNA,ureaseA26×103)膽結(jié)石/膽囊惡性疾病16/305/6-2/216Bohr等[16]2007Immunohistochemistry,PCR(16sRNA)膽結(jié)石/膽囊惡性疾病1/570/20-0/226Griniatsos等[17]2009PCR(16sRNA)膽結(jié)石4/89--2/427Hamada等[18]2009histology,PCR(16sRNA)膽結(jié)石/膽囊炎2/41--13/277Yucebilgilil等[19]2009PCR(16sRNA)膽結(jié)石25/60-10/284/327Isaeva等[20]2010PCR(16sRNA)膽囊炎--23/610/307Mishra等[21]2010PCR(Hsp60)膽結(jié)石/膽囊惡性疾病15/5418/54-#7Shimoyama等[22]2010ELISA(H.pyloriIgG)膽結(jié)石/膽囊惡性疾病11/557/18-4/347Karagin等[23]2010PCR(16sRNA)膽囊炎--7/1000/1026Boonyanugomol等[24]2011PCR(16sRNA)膽結(jié)石/膽囊惡性疾病25/5362/87-4/166Yakoob等[25]2011IHCPCR(16sRNA)膽囊炎/膽囊惡性疾病21/895/44-0/116Jahani等[26]2012PCR(16sRNA)膽結(jié)石2/74--0/136Bansal等[27]2012PCR(16sRNA)膽結(jié)石16/49--0/126Wang等[28]2014ELISA(H.pyloriIgG),PCR膽結(jié)石25/64--2/167
1:結(jié)石組幽門螺桿菌陽性例數(shù)/總例數(shù);2:惡性膽囊疾病組幽門螺桿菌陽性例數(shù)/總例數(shù);3:膽囊炎組幽門螺桿菌陽性例數(shù)/總例數(shù);4:對照組幽門螺桿菌陽性例數(shù)/總例數(shù);NA:為不可獲取數(shù)據(jù);“-”:無數(shù)據(jù);“#”:膽囊結(jié)石組和膽囊惡性疾病組互為對照組;膽囊惡性疾?。耗懩野?、膽管癌。
2.3.2幽門螺桿菌與膽結(jié)石關系的Meta分析本研究納入的文獻中有21篇[5-19,21-22,24,26-28]報道了幽門螺桿菌與膽結(jié)石的關系,且存在統(tǒng)計學異質(zhì)性(I2=52.6%),故采用隨機效應模型。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示膽結(jié)石組幽門螺桿菌陽性率高于對照組(OR=1.84,95%CI:1.13~2.98,P=0.014),見圖3。
2.3.3幽門螺桿菌與膽囊炎關系的Meta分析本研究納入的文獻中有5篇[7,18,20,23,25]報道了幽門螺桿菌與膽囊炎的關系,不存在統(tǒng)計學異質(zhì)性(I2=0.0%),故采用固定效應模型。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示膽結(jié)石組幽門螺桿菌陽性率高于對照組(OR=9.92,95%CI:4.04~24.39,P=0.000),見圖4。
2.4發(fā)表偏倚分析用Stata軟件漏斗圖對稱性檢驗對膽囊惡性疾病組納入文獻進行發(fā)表偏倚的評價,結(jié)果顯示:Begg′s testz=0.37,P=0.711,Egger′s testt=2.28,P=0.063。納入文獻不存在明顯的發(fā)表偏倚。用Stata軟件對膽結(jié)石組納入文獻進行發(fā)表偏倚的評價,結(jié)果顯示:Begg′s testz=0.27,P=0.786,Egger′s testt=1.04,P=0.313。納入文獻不存在明顯的發(fā)表偏倚。用Stata軟件漏斗圖對稱性檢驗對膽囊炎組納入文獻進行發(fā)表偏倚的評價,結(jié)果顯示:Begg′s testz=1.22,P=0.221(continuity corrected),Egger′s testt=2.52,P=0.086。納入文獻不存在明顯發(fā)表偏倚。
A:固定效應模型;B:隨機效應模型。
圖2幽門螺桿菌與膽囊惡性疾病關系的Meta分析
A:固定效應模型;B:隨機效應模型。
圖3幽門螺桿菌與膽結(jié)石關系的Meta分析
A:固定效應模型;B:隨機效應模型。
圖4幽門螺桿菌與膽囊炎關系的Meta分析
2.5敏感性分析幽門螺桿菌與膽囊惡性疾病關系采用隨機效應模型與固定效應模型的合并結(jié)果分別為OR=5.31,95%CI:2.34~12.05,P=0.000和OR=3.85,95%CI:2.38~6.22,P=0.000,敏感性分析結(jié)果穩(wěn)定;幽門螺桿菌與膽結(jié)石關系采用隨機效應模型與固定效應模型的合并結(jié)果分別為OR=1.84,95%CI:1.13~2.98,P=0.014和OR=1.66,95%CI:1.27~2.18,P=0.000,敏感性分析結(jié)果穩(wěn)定;幽門螺桿菌與膽囊炎關系采用隨機效應模型與固定效應模型的合并結(jié)果分別(OR=9.92,95%CI:4.04~24.39,P=0.000)和(OR=7.07,95%CI:2.77~18.02,P=0.000),敏感性分析結(jié)果穩(wěn)定。
隨著人們生活水平的提高,膽囊疾病的發(fā)病率逐漸升高,成為威脅人類健康的重要疾病之一。此外,隨著檢測技術的不斷提高,有研究報道通過PCR、ELISA等方法在膽道黏膜、膽汁、膽結(jié)石中發(fā)現(xiàn)了幽門螺桿菌,并發(fā)現(xiàn)幽門螺桿菌與膽結(jié)石、膽囊炎、膽囊癌、膽管癌等疾病關系密切[5-28],提示幽門螺桿菌感染可能為膽囊疾病的危險因素。本研究分別從膽囊惡性疾病、膽結(jié)石、膽囊炎與幽門螺桿菌的關系進行Meta分析,以求為預防和控制膽囊惡性疾病、膽結(jié)石、膽囊炎等膽囊疾病提供循證醫(yī)學證據(jù)。
本研究共納入文獻24篇,其中8篇[9-11,15,21,22,24,25]報道了幽門螺桿菌與膽囊惡性疾病的關系,結(jié)果顯示幽門螺桿菌為膽囊惡性疾病的危險因素。同Zhou等[31]報道結(jié)果一致。但是目前幽門螺桿菌感染同膽囊惡性疾病的發(fā)病機制尚未完全明確。有研究報道指出,膽汁的幽門螺桿菌感染可導致一些細胞因子和炎性介質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生,作為致癌因子激活干擾信號通路轉(zhuǎn)導的CagA,導致膽囊惡性疾病的發(fā)生[32]。
此外,有21篇[5-19,21,22,24,26-28]報道了幽門螺桿菌與膽結(jié)石的關系,結(jié)果顯示幽門螺桿菌為膽結(jié)石的危險因素。Monstein等[33]在膽固醇結(jié)石中發(fā)現(xiàn)了幽門螺桿菌,并指出幽門螺桿菌為膽結(jié)石的病因之一。膽囊的幽門螺桿菌感染能夠損害膽囊收縮功能,從而促進膽汁成分的沉淀以形成膽結(jié)石[34]。
本研究納入的24篇文獻中有5篇[7,18,20,23,25]報道了幽門螺桿菌與膽囊炎的關系,結(jié)果顯示幽門螺桿菌為膽囊炎的危險因素。同F(xiàn)ox等[35]報道在膽囊炎患者膽汁或膽囊黏膜存在幽門螺桿菌且高于對照組相符。有研究報道,原因為幽門螺桿菌的感染導致炎性介質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生,此外幽門螺桿菌感染可損害膽囊收縮功能,促使膽汁排除受阻,膽汁滯留,濃縮等。高濃度的膽汁酸鹽具有細胞毒性,可引起細胞損害,加重黏膜的炎癥、水腫甚至壞死等,促進膽囊炎癥的形成。
本次系統(tǒng)評價存在一定的局限性:(1)本研究納入的文獻中試驗組與對照組人數(shù)存在差異。(2)本研究納入的文獻中幽門螺桿菌檢出方法存在少許差異。(3)本研究納入人群差異較大。
幽門螺桿菌是膽囊惡性疾病、膽結(jié)石、膽囊炎發(fā)生的危險因素。根除幽門螺桿菌可能有預防和控制膽囊惡性疾病、膽結(jié)石、膽囊炎的作用。但是由于本研究納入文獻均為病例對照研究,還需要更多更高質(zhì)量的文獻來支持進一步研究。
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The relationship between gallbladder diseases and helicobacter pylori:a Meta-analysis
Hu Zhen,Chen Lanfang,Chen Wensheng
(InstituteofGastroenterologyofPLA,SouthwestHospitalofThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400038,china)
ObjectiveTo assess the effective of helicobacter pylori in gallbladder malignant disease,cholelithiasis,cholecystitis.MethodsThe literature about helicobacter pylori and gallbladder disease were collected in EMbase,Pubmed,VIP and CBM from inception to May,2015.Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted the data,and assessed the quality,and then the meta-analysis were performed by using Stata11 software.ResultsA total of 24 case control study were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that,helicobacter pylori had a higher incidence rate in gallbladder maliganant disease and cholelithiasis(OR=5.31,95%CI:2.34-12.05,P=0.000)and (OR=1.84,95%CI:1.13-2.98,P=0.014) compared with control group.Also it have influence on cholecystitis(OR=9.92,95%CI:4.04-24.39,P=0.000).ConclusionHelicobacter pylori is a risk factor of inducing cholelithiasis and gallbladder malignancy disease,cholecystitis.
helicobacter pylori;cholelithiasis;gallbladder maliganant disease;cholecystitis;systematic review;Meta-analysis.
胡珍(1989-),住院醫(yī)師,碩士,主要從事肝膽疾病的研究?!?/p>
,E-mail:wenshengchen@hotmail.com。
·循證醫(yī)學·doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2016.27.024
R714.255
A
1671-8348(2016)27-3817-04
2016-03-18
2016-05-26)