黃家艷, 黎淑寧, 廖雯菲, 鄧勝平, 程克光
(廣西師范大學(xué) 化學(xué)與藥學(xué)學(xué)院 國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育基地——廣西藥用資源化學(xué)與藥物分子工程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 廣西 桂林 541004)
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·研究簡報(bào)·
O-炔丙基-N,N-二(2-氯乙基)-4-氨基苯酚的合成
黃家艷, 黎淑寧, 廖雯菲, 鄧勝平*, 程克光*
(廣西師范大學(xué) 化學(xué)與藥學(xué)學(xué)院 國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育基地——廣西藥用資源化學(xué)與藥物分子工程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 廣西 桂林541004)
以對氨基苯酚(1)為原料,經(jīng)氨基的羥乙基化、酚羥基的芐基保護(hù)、氯代、脫保護(hù)制得N,N-二 (2-氯乙基) -對氨基苯酚(5);在碳酸銫作用下,5與溴丙炔經(jīng)O-烷基化反應(yīng)合成了新化合物——O-炔丙基-N,N-二(2-氯乙基)-4-氨基苯酚,其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR和MS表征。
對氨基苯酚;O-炔丙基-N,N-二(2-氯乙基)-4-氨基苯酚; 溴丙炔; 合成
氮芥類藥物是最早使用的抗腫瘤藥之一,屬生物烷化劑,作用靶點(diǎn)是DNA。N,N-二(2-氯乙基) 胺基是抗腫瘤活性的功能基[1-3]。氮芥是一種無結(jié)構(gòu)專一性的抗腫瘤基團(tuán),無論是游離,還是與各種載體相連,都具有抗腫瘤作用。腫瘤組織中有許多低氧細(xì)胞,而正常組織中的細(xì)胞是相對富氧的,如果藥物只在低氧環(huán)境中有細(xì)胞毒性,這種藥物對腫瘤細(xì)胞就具有一定的選擇性。N,N-二(2-氯乙基)-對氨基苯酚(5)在低氧環(huán)境下有較好的細(xì)胞毒性,氧提供的電子使氮芥的氮原子電子云密度增大,提高了氮芥的烷化作用[4]。目前,5作為藥效基團(tuán)已被廣泛研究[4-6]。
經(jīng)Cu(I)催化的端基炔和端基疊氮的Huisgen1,3-偶極環(huán)加成反應(yīng)(CuAAC)可以很好地提高
Scheme 1
點(diǎn)擊化學(xué)[7-8]反應(yīng)速率并高選擇性地得到立體專一的1,4-取代三唑衍生物[9-11]。CuAAC反應(yīng)還具有對氧氣、水不敏感,副產(chǎn)物少,原料不受共存功能基團(tuán)的影響等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此,CuAAC點(diǎn)擊化學(xué)反應(yīng)已廣泛地應(yīng)用于生物化學(xué)、藥物化學(xué)、高分子化學(xué)、組合化學(xué)和材料化學(xué)等領(lǐng)域[12-17]。O-炔丙基-N,N-二(2-氯乙基)-4-氨基苯酚(6)將5的酚羥基炔丙基化,可經(jīng)點(diǎn)擊化學(xué)的CuAAC反應(yīng)與各種疊氮類載體反應(yīng)而制備對腫瘤細(xì)胞具有選擇性的抗腫瘤化合物。
本文以對氨基苯酚(1)為原料,經(jīng)氨基的羥乙基化、酚羥基的芐基保護(hù)、氯代、脫保護(hù)基得N,N-二 (2-氯乙基)-對氨基苯酚5;在碳酸銫作用下,5與溴丙炔經(jīng)O-烷基化反應(yīng)合成了新化合物6(Scheme 1),其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR和MS表征。
1.1試劑與儀器
AVANCE/AV 300 MHz型超導(dǎo)核磁共振儀(CDCl3為溶劑, TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo));Esquire HCT型離子阱質(zhì)譜儀;Bruker HCT型電噴霧質(zhì)譜儀。
2~5按文獻(xiàn)方法[18]合成;其余所用試劑均為化學(xué)純或分析純。
1.2合成
(1) 6的合成
在帶有CaCl2干燥管的反應(yīng)瓶中加入5 0.600 g(2.6 mmol)和無水DMF 6 mL,攪拌使其溶解;依次加入Cs2CO32.120 g(6.4 mmol)和溴丙炔 0.4 mL(5.1 mmol),于室溫反應(yīng)21 h。加水50 mL稀釋,用CH2Cl2(3×30 mL)萃取,合并有機(jī)相,用飽和食鹽水洗滌,無水Na2SO4干燥,經(jīng)硅膠柱層析[洗脫劑:V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)]=20 ∶1]純化得黃色油狀液體6 0.575 g,收率82%;1H NMRδ: 6.93(d,J=9.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.67(d,J=9.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 4.62(d,J=2.4 Hz, 2H, OCH2), 3.69~3.56(m, 8H, CH2), 2.51(t,J=2.4 Hz, 1H, CH);13C NMRδ: 150.2, 141.3, 116.6, 114.0, 78.9, 75.3, 56.6, 54.1, 40.6; HR-APCI-MSm/z: Calcd for C13H16NOCl2{[M+Cl]+}272.060 9, found 272.060 9。
在合成6的過程中,起初以K2CO3為堿,于室溫反應(yīng),但并未得到6。經(jīng)改變堿、溶劑、反應(yīng)溫度以及溴丙炔的當(dāng)量比,探索了該反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件,結(jié)果見表1。由表1可見,以碳酸鉀為堿,DMF為溶劑,室溫不反應(yīng),90 ℃時(shí),收率僅23%。后更換堿為氫氧化鈉或溶劑為丙酮,均未見反應(yīng)發(fā)生。最后以碳酸銫為堿時(shí),室溫即可發(fā)生反應(yīng)。
表1 合成6的反應(yīng)條件優(yōu)化
由表1可見,以Cs2CO3(2.5 eq.)為堿,DMF為溶劑,于室溫反應(yīng)21 h,收率較高(82%)。
合成了一種新化合物O-炔丙基-N,N-二(2-氯乙基)-4-氨基苯酚(6)。6中因含有炔丙基和氮芥官能團(tuán),可用于經(jīng)點(diǎn)擊化學(xué)的CuAAC反應(yīng)與各種疊氮類載體反應(yīng)制備對腫瘤細(xì)胞具有選擇性的抗腫瘤化合物。
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Synthesis ofO-propargyl-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-4-aminophenol
HUANG Jia-yan,LI Shu-ning,LIAO Wen-fei,DENG Sheng-ping*,CHENG Ke-guang*
(State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources,School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China)
N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-4-aminophenol(5)was prepared by hydroxyethylation, benzyl protection, chlorination and deprotection, using 4-aminophenol as the raw material. The new compound,O-propargyl-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-4-aminophenol, was synthesized byO-alkylation of 5 with propargyl bromide in the presence of cesium carbonate. The structure was characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR and MS.
4-aminophenol;O-propargyl-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-4-aminophenol; propargyl bromide; synthesis
10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2016.06.15277
2015-07-27;
2016-03-31
廣西自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(2013GXNSFBA019184); 藥用資源化學(xué)與藥物分子工程教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室資助課題 (CMEMR2012-B03, CMEMR2013-A01, CMEMR2013-C02)
黃家艷(1988-),女,漢族,廣西欽州人,碩士研究生,主要從事有機(jī)合成研究。 E-mail: huangjiayan1990@126.com
通信聯(lián)系人:鄧勝平,高級工程師,E-mail: dengandping@sina.com; 程克光,碩士生導(dǎo)師,Tel. 0773-2120958,E-mail: kgcheng2008@gmail.com
O625.6; O621.3
A