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        超高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜定量測定全血中的13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物

        2016-07-27 09:26:36王朝虹褚建新蔣文慧
        刑事技術(shù) 2016年1期
        關(guān)鍵詞:超高效液相色譜全血

        王朝虹,張 琳,趙 蒙,劉 勇,褚建新,蔣文慧

        ?

        超高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜定量測定全血中的13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物

        王朝虹1,張 琳1,趙 蒙1,劉 勇1,褚建新2,蔣文慧3

        (1.最高人民檢察院檢察技術(shù)信息研究中心,北京 100040;2.浙江省檢察院,杭州 310012;3.杭州市檢察院,杭州 310000)

        摘要:本文建立了一種全血樣品中13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及其代謝產(chǎn)物地西泮、硝西泮、溴西泮、氟西泮、氯硝西泮、氟硝西泮、勞拉西泮、奧沙西泮、普拉西泮、替馬西泮、7-氨基硝基西泮、7-氨基氟硝西泮和氯氮卓的超高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜(UPLC-MS/MS)檢測方法。全血樣品經(jīng)過Ostro96孔磷脂過濾板提取,采用電噴霧離子源正離子(ESI+)模式和多反應(yīng)檢測(MRM)模式進(jìn)行質(zhì)譜分析,13種化合物在0.2~20 ng/mL濃度范圍內(nèi)均獲得良好的線性,該方法的提取回收率分布在65.2%~113.9%之間,最小檢測限可達(dá)0.008~0.15 ng/mL。本方法靈敏、簡便、快速、高通量,適用于全血樣本中痕量苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜類藥物的定性定量分析。

        關(guān)鍵詞:苯二氮卓類藥物;超高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)四級桿質(zhì)譜;全血;ostro磷脂過濾板

        苯二氮卓類藥物(benzodiazepines)是目前世界上應(yīng)用最為廣泛的鎮(zhèn)靜催眠藥,具有較好的療效。然而很多苯二氮卓類藥物的治療量與中毒量、致死量相接近,過量使用易引起中毒乃至死亡[1-3]。此外,涉及這類藥物的麻醉搶劫、麻醉強(qiáng)奸案件也較為多見。由于苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物原體在體內(nèi)的濃度會隨著時間及代謝而逐漸降低,很多案件檢材在檢測時,藥物在血、尿中已含量甚微,難以檢出。因此,建立靈敏準(zhǔn)確且簡單快速的檢測方法用于測定生物樣品中痕量苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物非常必要。目前,有很多文獻(xiàn)報道應(yīng)用超高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法(ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)[4-13]檢測體液中苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物,多應(yīng)用液液萃取或固相萃取法提取,其提取過程較為復(fù)雜,使用有毒化學(xué)試劑量較大。本文嘗試應(yīng)用Ostro磷脂過濾板對全血樣品進(jìn)行提取,聯(lián)合UPLC-MS/MS對13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物進(jìn)行檢測分析。

        1 材料與方法

        1.1 儀 器

        超高效液相色譜串聯(lián)四級桿質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀WATERS Xevo TQ-S(WATERS,美國),震蕩器CUTE MIXER CM-1000型(EYELA,日本)。

        1.2 試 劑

        甲酸(HPLC級)、乙腈(LC-MS級),均購自美國Fisher Scientific公司。

        1.3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品

        標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品:地西泮、硝西泮、溴西泮、氟西泮、氯硝西泮、氟硝西泮、勞拉西泮、奧沙西泮、普拉西泮、替馬西泮、7-氨基硝基西泮、7-氨基氟硝西泮和氯氮卓,濃度為1 mg/mL(甲醇液);內(nèi)標(biāo):地西泮- d5濃度100 μ g/mL(甲醇液)。均購自美國Cerilliant公司。

        1.4 液相色譜-質(zhì)譜分析條件

        1.4.1 色譜條件

        色譜柱:ACQULTY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm);流動相:A為乙腈,B為5 mmoL/L碳酸氫銨溶液水溶液;柱溫:35℃;流速:0.5 μL/ min;進(jìn)樣量:2 μ L;梯度洗脫條件見表1。

        1.4.2 質(zhì)譜條件

        本實驗在電噴霧離子源(electrospray ionization,ESI)正離子多反應(yīng)監(jiān)測(positive ion multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式下進(jìn)行;毛細(xì)管電壓:3 kV;去溶劑氣溫度:550℃;去溶劑氣流速:800 L/h;碰撞氣流速:0.15 mL/min;13種苯二氮卓類藥物及代謝物的質(zhì)譜采集參數(shù)見表2。

        1.5 全血樣品前處理

        精密吸取100 μL全血置于Ostro 96孔磷脂過濾板(Agilent,美國)中,加入400 μ L 1%甲酸乙腈溶液,正壓過濾,接收濾液,加1 μL(100 ng/mL)內(nèi)標(biāo)溶液,混勻,供UPLC-MS/MS分析。

        表 1 梯度洗脫條件Table 1 Conditions of gradient elution

        表 2 13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的質(zhì)譜采集參數(shù)Table 2 Monitored ions, cone voltage and collision energy of 13benzodiazepines and metabolites

        2 結(jié)果與討論

        2.1 線性及檢出限

        在空白全血中添加不同濃度的13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的對照品溶液,濃度分別為0.2、0.5、1、2、5、10、20 ng/mL,按照全血樣品前處理方法提取,按1.4項的條件下進(jìn)行測定,全血中13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物在0.2~20 ng/mL濃度范圍內(nèi)線性關(guān)系良好。取線性最低點溶液逐倍稀釋,以S/N=3計,計算13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的檢出限為0.008~0.15 ng/mL。按照上述條件測得13種二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物的MRM譜圖見圖1,結(jié)果見表3。

        2.2 提取回收率、基質(zhì)效應(yīng)和精密度

        配制低、中、高3個濃度的質(zhì)控樣品(QC),每個濃度6份,按1.5項的方法處理樣品,在1.4項的條件下進(jìn)行測定,記錄峰面積As,計算日內(nèi)精密度;同時,取空白全血,按1.5項的方法處理后,配制成低、中、高3個濃度的溶液,每個濃度6份,在1.4項的條件下進(jìn)行測定,記錄峰面積Am;另取上述3個濃度的對照品溶液,不經(jīng)萃取直接進(jìn)樣,記錄峰面積為Astd。以As/Am計算提取回收率,Am/Astd計算基質(zhì)效應(yīng),結(jié)果見表4。

        本文建立了應(yīng)用Ostro96孔磷脂過濾板提取、UPLC-MS/MS法同時檢測全血中13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及其代謝物,具有快速簡單、靈敏度高、基質(zhì)效應(yīng)穩(wěn)定、回收率高等優(yōu)點,適用于苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的高通量痕量檢測。

        表 3 13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的線性范圍、相關(guān)系數(shù)和檢出限Table 3 The linear range, correlation coeffi cient and detectionlimit of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites

        圖 1 全血中13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的MRM譜圖Fig.1 MRM chromatograms of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites in whole blood samples

        表 4 全血樣品中13種苯二氮卓類安眠鎮(zhèn)靜藥物及代謝物的加樣回收率、基質(zhì)效應(yīng)和精密度Table 4 Extraction recovery, matrix effect, precision and accuracy of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites

        參考文獻(xiàn)

        [1] Steentoft A, Worm K. Cases of fatal triazolam poisoning. J Forensic Sci Soc, 1993,33(1):45-48.

        [2] Druid H, Holmgren P. A compilation of fatal and control concentrations of drugs in post-mortem femoral blood. J Forensic Sci, 1997,42(1):79-87.

        [3] Steentoft A, Linnet K. Blood concentrations of clonazepam and 7-aminoclonazepam in forensic cases in Denmark for the period 2002-2007. Forensic Sci Int, 2009,184(1-3):74-79.

        [4] Simonsen KW, Hermansson S, Steentoft A, et al. A validated method for simultaneous screening and quantifi cation of twenty-three benzodiazepines and m etabolites plus zopiclone and zaleplone in whole blood by liquid-liquid extraction and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol, 2010,34:322-341.

        [5] Ishida T, Kudo K, Hayshida M, et al. Rapid and quantitative screening method for 43 benzodiazepines and their metabolites,zolpidem and zopiclone in human plasma by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with a small particle column. J Chromatogr B, 2009,877(25):2652-2657.

        [6] Rivera HM, Walker GS, Sims DN, et al. Application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of benzodiazepines in blood. Eur J Mass Spectrom, 2003,9:599-607.

        [7] Smink BE, Brandsma JE, Dijkhuizen A, et al. Quantitative analysis of 33 benzodiazepines, metabolites, and benzodiazepine-like substances in whole blood by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B, 2004,811(1):13-20.

        [8] Maurer HH. Multi-analyte procedures for screening for and quantification of drugs in blood, plasma, or serum by li quid chromatography-single stage or tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS or LC-MS-MS) relevant to clinical and forensic toxicology. Clin Biochem, 2005,38:310-318.

        [9] Laloup M, Fernandez M, Boeck GD, et al. Validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 26 benzodiazepines and metabolites, zolpidem and zopiclone in blood, urine, and hair. J Anal Toxicol, 2005,29:616-626.

        [10] Hegstad S, Oiestad EL, Johansen U, et al. Determination of benzodiazepines in human urine using solid phase extraction and high-performance liqui d chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol, 2006,30:31-37.

        [11] Quintela O, Sauvage F, Charvier F, et al. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for detection of low concentrations of 21 benzodiazepine s, metabolites, and analogs in urine:method with forensic applications. Clin Chem, 2006,52:1346-1355.

        [12] Smink BE, Mathijssen MPM, Lusthof KJ, et al. Comparison of urine and oral fl uid as matrices for screening of 33 benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like substances using immunoassay and LC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol, 2006,30(7):478-485.

        [13] Feng J, Wang L, Dai I , et al. Simultaneous determination of multiple drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in urine by LC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol, 2007,31:359-368.

        中圖分類號:DF795.1

        文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識號:A

        文章編號:1008-3650(2016)01-0046-04

        收稿日期:2015-10-16

        作者簡介:王朝虹,研究員,博士,研究方向為濫用藥物分析。 E-mail: wangzhaohong27@163.com

        Simultaneous Quantifi cation of Thirteen Benzodiazepines and Metabolites in Whole Blood by UPLC-MS/MS

        WANG Zhaohong1, ZHANG Lin1, ZHAO Meng1, LIU Yong1, CHU Jianxin2, JIANG Wenhui2(1.Procuratorial Technical Information Center of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, Beijing 100040, China; 2.Zhejiang Provincial Procuratorate,Hangzhou 310012, China; 3. Hangzhou Procuratorate, Hangzhou 310000, China )

        ABSTRACT:A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for simultaneous determination of 13 benzodiazepines and metabolites including diazepam, nitrazepam, bromazepam, fl urazepam, clonazepam, fl unitrazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam,prazepam, temazepam, 7-amino-nitragepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam and chlordiazepam in whole blood samples by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The separations were carried out on an ACQULTY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm ×100 mm, 1.7 μm) at 35°C and with a constant fl ow rate of 0.5 mL/min and the gradient-elution consisting of acetonitrile and 5 mmoL ammonium hydrogen carbonate buffer. The MS parameters were set as capillary voltage (3 kV), desolvation gas temperature (550°C), desolvation gas flow (800 L/h), cone gas flow (150 L/h) and collision gas fl ow (0.15 mL/min). OstraTM96-well plate was used to extract the samples. 100 μL of human whole blood containing target drugs and D5-diazepam as internal standard was transferred into the OstraTM96-well plate, followed by 400 μL of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Phospholipids were removed from the whole blood via the OstraTM96-well plate effectively, and the fi ltrate was collected under a constant pressure of 20 psi. Thereafter, the 96-well receiving plate was capped and placed on the suitable position in sample manager and was analyzed with UPLC-MS/MS system coupled with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The samples were measured in the mode of electraspray positive ionization (ESI+)and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). 13 benzodiazepines and metaboli tes were linear in the range of 0.2~20 ng/mL with coeffi cients higher than 0.99. The extraction recoveries ranged from 65.2% to 113.9% for all analytes, and the limits of detection (LODs) were 0.008~0.15 ng/mL. The method presented here is validated to be simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate for the determination of trace benzodiazepines and metabolites in whole blood samples.

        KEY WORDS:benzodiazepines; UPLC-MS/MS; whole blood; OstraTM96-well plate

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