CHEN+Jian-lei　WＡＮＧ+Shu-bo

【Abstract】In recent years， with the influenced by both man-made and natural factors. coastal wetlands sharp decline in the area， lack of resources， biological diversity declined， and the ecosystem function damaged. Through on current issues such as pollution and destruction of coastal wetlands analysis of coastal wetlands in research conducted a review and prospect of ecological restoration. So the protection and restoration of coastal wetlands should be brook no delay. The article based on the current pollution and destruction of the coastal wetlands analyses， and reviewed the current effective measures to restore coastal wetlands mainly in china and abroad.

【Key words】Coastal wetlands； Ecological restoration； Pollution； Destruction

0 Introduction

The existing wetlands area in China accounts for 10% of wetlands area in the world， and particularly in coastal wetlands[1]. In recent years， with accelerated development of the economy， agriculture and marine fisheries， wetlands values had gradually been reflected. People's use of coastal wetlands also increased gradually， and human activity is the main factor of coastal wetlands damage， due to the irrational exploitation which make it great threats to the ecosystems， seriously affecting the sustainable development of coastal wetlands[2]. Deterioration of coastal wetlands degradation， pollution， damage to biodiversity crisis.

1 Research status of coastal wetland ecological restoration

Coastal wetland restoration and reconstruction refer to the use of eco-technology and engineering to degradation， degradation， disappearance of wetlands restoration and reconstruction， which reproduce the damaged structure and function before， plays its proper ecological function[3]. In recent years， the coastal wetland ecological restoration means include the following aspects：

1.1 Natural recovery

Natural recovery is often applied to damage small and reversible coastal wetlands[4]. Research showed that， Marina wetlands effect by integrated of land ecological system and marine ecological system， wetlands rely on unique of soil-plant-microbial composite of ecological system， through physical， and chemical， and biological triple role to coordination achieved on wastewater of efficient purification； The plant of marina wetland also can through ammonia of volatile role， and NH4+ of absorption， and nitrification， and anti-nitrification role， removal air in the of nitrogen[5]. So small for some loss of coastal wetlands， the natural recovery process can be completed through our own purification.

1.2 Manual repair

Manual repair is mainly used in some reversible error or unable to naturally restore damaged coastal wetlands， including the artificial ecological restoration and artificial reconstruction project. Artificial restoration project on the basis of Soil， climate change， biodiversity research of coastal wetland， further through the vegetation recovery， bringing fresh water， bio-stocking and other measures to improve the biological diversity of coastal wetlands， to further complete the natural ecological recovery[6]. Artificial reconstruction of ecological projects mainly use soil restoration， plant revegetation， biological recovery and a series of related measures to reconstruction ecosystem of coastal wetlands which will reach the soil-plants-biology reversible coordinated[7] integrated ecosystem.

2 Conclusions

Due to the strong material of coastal wetland productive capacity， the effective regulation of atmospheric， water purification functions， make it in the world， the recovery gets more and more deep and effective use of attention. At present， restoration of coastal wetlands that have been made for damage recovery focuses on plant restoration， introducing fresh water， improving water quality and so on. Using chemical method to restore the wetlands case less， so the coastal wetland ecological restoration in the future， in terms of the attention， combined with traditional methods of recovery， to repair coastal wetland ecosystems.

【References】

[1]LIU Ping-ping， YIN Cheng-qing， YIN Hong， et al. A case study of wetland creation in coastal saline area with ecological engineering[J]. Urban Environment and Urban Ecology， 2003， 16（6）： 275-276.

[2]CHEN Wei-feng， ZHOU Wei-zhi， SHI Yan-xi. Crisis of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta and its protection[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science， 2003， 22（4）： 499-502.

[3]XU Dong-xia， ZHANG Guang-xin. Impact of human activities on coastal wetlands in China[J]. Wetland Science， 2007， 5（3）： 282-288.

[4]ZHANG Xiao-long， LI Pei-ying， LI Hong， et al. Present conditions and prospects of study on coastal wetlands in China[J]. Advances in Marine Science， 2005， 23（1）： 87-95.

[5]CUI Bao-shan， LIU Xing-tu. Ecological character changes and sustainability management of wetlands of the Yellow River delta[J]. Scientia Geographical Sinica， 2001， 21（3）： 250-256.

[6]ZHANG Qiao-min. Status of tropical biological coasts of China and its ecosystem remediation and reconstruction[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica， 2001， 32（4）： 454-464.

[7]Hyfield E C G， Day J W， Cable J E， et al. The impacts of re-introducing Mississippi River water on the hydrologic budget and nutrient inputs of a deltaic estuary[J]. Ecological Engineering， 2008， 32（4）： 347-359.

[責任編輯：楊玉潔]