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        急性冠脈綜合征非手術(shù)治療患者血清尿酸及B型納尿肽水平與GRACE評(píng)分的相關(guān)性及其預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值

        2016-06-21 15:12:16劉京鋒王學(xué)東
        實(shí)用醫(yī)院臨床雜志 2016年4期
        關(guān)鍵詞:危組非手術(shù)治療尿酸

        劉京鋒,汪 鈺,王學(xué)東

        (北京市和平里醫(yī)院CCU病房,北京 100013)

        急性冠脈綜合征非手術(shù)治療患者血清尿酸及B型納尿肽水平與GRACE評(píng)分的相關(guān)性及其預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值

        劉京鋒,汪 鈺,王學(xué)東

        (北京市和平里醫(yī)院CCU病房,北京 100013)

        目的 探討非手術(shù)治療的急性冠脈綜合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者的血清尿酸(UA)及B型鈉尿肽(BNP)水平與全球急性冠狀動(dòng)脈事件注冊(cè)(GRACE)評(píng)分的相關(guān)性及對(duì)遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。方法 未行手術(shù)治療的ACS患者291例,入院后立即測(cè)定其血清尿酸及BNP水平,根據(jù)GRACE評(píng)分將患者分為高危組95例、中危組121例和低危組75例,隨訪發(fā)病6個(gè)月的主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的發(fā)生情況,分析UA、BNP水平與GRACE評(píng)分間的相關(guān)性及三者對(duì)MACE發(fā)生的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。結(jié)果 高危組UA及BNP高于中危組及低危組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P< 0.01),UA、BNP均與GRACE評(píng)分呈線性正相關(guān)。結(jié)論 非手術(shù)治療的ACS患者血清UA及BNP水平與GRACE評(píng)分呈正相關(guān);血清UA、BNP水平及GRACE評(píng)分可有效預(yù)測(cè)MACE的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

        急性冠脈綜合征;尿酸;BNP;GRACE評(píng)分

        急性冠脈綜合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)是最常見(jiàn)的致死性冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病[1],主要包括不穩(wěn)定性心絞痛、非ST段抬高心肌梗死和ST段抬高心肌梗死三類。國(guó)內(nèi)大多數(shù)ACS患者仍為藥物保守治療[2],早期對(duì)這些患者進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,有助于指導(dǎo)后續(xù)的診療過(guò)程并評(píng)價(jià)預(yù)后[3]。血清尿酸(uric acid,UA)是嘌呤代謝的副產(chǎn)物,其升高可能會(huì)促進(jìn)ACS進(jìn)展[4,5]。B型鈉尿肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)主要是由心肌細(xì)胞分泌,能夠反映心肌缺血程度和心功能情況[6]。近年來(lái),全球急性冠狀動(dòng)脈事件注冊(cè)(global registry of acute coronary events,GRACE)評(píng)分在多項(xiàng)研究中表現(xiàn)出對(duì)ACS患者住院死亡和出院后6個(gè)月內(nèi)死亡的預(yù)測(cè)能力[7,8]。本研究探討非手術(shù)治療的ACS患者血清UA、BNP水平與GRACE危險(xiǎn)評(píng)分的相關(guān)性,及其對(duì)6個(gè)月內(nèi)主要心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiac event,MACE)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。

        1 資料與方法

        1.1 一般資料 2010年7月至2014年12月就診于我院心內(nèi)科和CCU的ACS患者297例。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合美國(guó)ACC/AHA 2006年發(fā)布的ACS診斷和治療指南[9]中的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②年齡18歲以上的男性或非妊娠期女性;③未經(jīng)手術(shù)且不準(zhǔn)備行手術(shù)治療;④均簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①既往心肌梗死患者;②急慢性心功能不全,左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)小于45%;③存在嚴(yán)重的肝、腎、肺疾病或重癥感染、腫瘤等;④存在心臟瓣膜病、心肌病、肺栓塞;⑤既往心房纖顫史或起搏器植入術(shù)后;⑥近半年內(nèi)重大外傷、手術(shù)史。

        1.2 方法 采集患者人口學(xué)信息、冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素、既往病史及生命體征等資料?;颊呷朐汉?小時(shí)內(nèi)以EDTA抗凝管采集肘靜脈血,分離血清,于-70 ℃冰箱中保存,檢測(cè)血清UA、BNP、肝腎功、血常規(guī)等,計(jì)算每例患者的GRACE評(píng)分。6個(gè)月后以門診隨訪和電話隨訪相結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行隨訪。

        1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 終點(diǎn)事件為發(fā)病6個(gè)月內(nèi)的MACE事件,包括:心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、心力衰竭、再發(fā)心絞痛等。其余在隨訪過(guò)程未能觀察到患者出現(xiàn)終點(diǎn)事件的記為截尾。根據(jù)GRACE危險(xiǎn)評(píng)分分組、UA、BNP正常與否分組,統(tǒng)計(jì)各類MACE發(fā)生情況。

        1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料以均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,組間差異的比較采用單因素方差分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料以率表述,采用卡方檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)性分析中方差齊的計(jì)量資料采用Pearson相關(guān),方差不齊采用Spearman秩相關(guān)。P< 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

        2 結(jié)果

        2.1 基線情況 6例患者在6個(gè)月隨訪時(shí)因無(wú)法聯(lián)絡(luò)脫落,共有291例患者進(jìn)入最后分析。患者年齡45~89歲,其中男169例,女124例,不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛145例、非ST段抬高心肌梗死93例和ST段抬高心肌梗死53例。既往高血壓病165例,2型糖尿病107例,高脂血癥53例。有吸煙史者192例,飲酒史者178例。根據(jù)GRACE評(píng)分危險(xiǎn)等級(jí)分組,其中低危組(<108分)75例,中危組(108~140分)121例,高危組(>140分)95例。高危組UA及BNP高于低危組,BNP高于中危組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P< 0.01),見(jiàn)表1。

        表1 基線情況比較

        *與低危組比較,P< 0.01;#與中危組比較,P< 0.01

        2.2 MACE發(fā)生率 6個(gè)月隨訪時(shí),共有70例(24.05%)患者發(fā)生MACE。GRACE危險(xiǎn)評(píng)分中危組及高危組的MACE發(fā)生率顯著高于低危組(中危組:χ2=8.047,P< 0.01;高危組:χ2=19.051,P< 0.001; UA升高組MACE發(fā)生率高于UA正常組(χ2=14.766,P< 0.001); BNP升高組MACE發(fā)生率高于正常組(χ2=8.791,P= 0.003),見(jiàn)表2。

        表2 患者發(fā)病6個(gè)月時(shí)MACE比較 (n)

        2.3 UA、BNP與GRACE評(píng)分的相關(guān)性分析 非手術(shù)治療的ACS患者的UA及BNP水平與GRACE危險(xiǎn)評(píng)分均呈線性正相關(guān)(r=0.204,r=0.733,均P< 0.001),即隨著患者UA或BNP水平的升高,其GRACE危險(xiǎn)評(píng)分的分層也提高。

        3 討論

        ACS一直是臨床研究和循證指南關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)[10]。歐美最新的國(guó)際指南均推薦從急診室接診便對(duì)患者進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,篩選出MACE事件高?;颊遊11,12],進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)關(guān)注和治療,從而改善患者預(yù)后。考慮到國(guó)內(nèi)多數(shù)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)院并無(wú)開展冠脈造影或介入手術(shù)的資質(zhì)及發(fā)病就診延遲的存在[13,14],大部分ACS患者是未接受手術(shù)治療的,因此本次研究將目標(biāo)人群定在內(nèi)科保守治療的ACS患者。

        目前,臨床中評(píng)價(jià)ACS患者風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的有方法有GRACE危險(xiǎn)評(píng)分、TIMI評(píng)分和PURSUIT評(píng)分等,相對(duì)其他方法,GRACE風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)分能更好地評(píng)估MACE的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[15]。但由于缺少對(duì)神經(jīng)體液因素及氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的指標(biāo),難以涵蓋ACS患者復(fù)雜的臨床病情,從而影響GRACE危險(xiǎn)評(píng)分的推廣應(yīng)用。

        UA作為OX通路活性的生物標(biāo)志物,一定程度上能反映冠脈血管氧化應(yīng)激損傷程度[16],近年來(lái)被多項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)在多種心血管疾病中具有顯著的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[17,18]。BNP作為心室細(xì)胞分泌的重要神經(jīng)體液指標(biāo),近年來(lái)逐漸被重視。Bassan等[19]的研究顯示心肌梗死及周圍區(qū)域缺血損傷心肌細(xì)胞BNP的合成與分泌增加,BNP能在一定程度上反映心肌缺血的程度。Radwan等[20]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)BNP與左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)及TIMI評(píng)分密切相關(guān),有一定預(yù)后判斷價(jià)值。

        本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)于未行手術(shù)治療的ACS患者,不同的GRACE危險(xiǎn)分組的MACE發(fā)生率存在顯著差異,隨著GRACE評(píng)分的增高,MACE的發(fā)生率逐漸升高。而UA及BNP水平與GRACE危險(xiǎn)評(píng)分呈正相關(guān)性,可以從神經(jīng)體液因素及氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的指標(biāo)的角度進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充GRACE危險(xiǎn)評(píng)分,可在臨床中進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用。

        綜上所述,對(duì)于未行手術(shù)治療的ACS患者在入院時(shí)進(jìn)行GRACE危險(xiǎn)評(píng)分,并進(jìn)行UA及BNP的檢測(cè),能更為全面地評(píng)估發(fā)病6個(gè)月內(nèi)MACE事件的發(fā)生可能。但考慮到本研究是在單中心進(jìn)行,且樣本量有限,可能存在選擇偏倚。同時(shí)由于條件限制,未選擇更長(zhǎng)半衰期的氨基末端B型利鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)作為檢測(cè)指標(biāo)以更為準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)價(jià)BNP水平,對(duì)未來(lái)應(yīng)開展多中心、大樣本的研究,選擇更為適宜的檢測(cè)方式進(jìn)一步探索非手術(shù)治療的ACS患者M(jìn)ACE事件風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。

        [1] Amabile N,Hammas S,F(xiàn)radi S,et al.Intra-coronary thrombus evolution during acute coronary syndrome:Regression assessment by serial optical coherence tomography analyses [J].Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie,2013,62(12):374-375.

        [2] Swahn E,Alfredsson J.Invasive Treatment of non-st-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome:cardiac catheterization/revascularization for all[J].Revista Espaola de Cardiología (English Edition),2014,67(3):218-221.

        [3] Cannon CP,Brindis RG,Chaitman BR,et al.2013 ACCF/AHA key data elements and definitions for measuring the clinical management and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes and coronary artery disease:a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical data standards (writing committee to develop acute coronary syndromes and coronary artery disease clinical data standards) [J].Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2013,61(9):992-1025.

        [4] Fang J,Alderman MH.Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality:the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study,1971-1992 [J].Jama,2000,283(18):2404-2410.

        [5] Sinan Deveci O,Kabakci G,Okutucu S,et al.The association between serum uric acid level and coronary artery disease [J].International journal of clinical practice,2010,64(7):900-907.

        [6] Kreiger G.A basic guide to understanding plasma B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure [J].Medsurg nursing:official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses,2007,16(2):75-79.

        [7] Eagle KA,Lim MJ,Dabbous OH,et al.GRACE Investigators A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome:estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry[J].JAMA,2004,291(22):2727-2733.

        [8] Abu-Assi E,F(xiàn)erreira-González I,Ribera A,et al.Do GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary events) risk scores still maintain their performance for predicting mortality in the era of contemporary management of acute coronary syndromes[J].American heart journal,2010,160(5):826-834.e3.

        [9] Krumholz HM,Anderson JL,Brooks N H,et al.ACC/AHA Clinical Performance Measures for Adults With ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction:A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures (Writing Committee to Develop Performance Measures on ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) [J].Circulation,2006,47(5):236-265.

        [10] Arbab-Zadeh A,Nakano M,Virmani R,et al.Acute coronary events[J].Circulation,2012,125(9):1147-1156.

        [11]Amsterdam EA,Wenger NK,Brindis RG,et al.2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes:a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines [J].Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2014,64(24):139-228.

        [12]Roffi M,Patrono C,Collet JP,et al.2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation [J].European heart journal,2015:320.

        [13]中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)心血管病學(xué)分會(huì),中華心血管病雜志編輯委員會(huì).非ST段抬高急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征診斷和治療指南[J].中華心血管病雜志,2012,40(5):353-367.

        [14]王楓嶺,解金紅,司榮圣,等.急診PCI搶救急性心肌梗死在基層醫(yī)院的擴(kuò)展性分析[J].中國(guó)心血管病研究雜志,2005,3(6):419-422.

        [15]D′Ascenzo F,Biondi G.TIMI,GRACE and alternative risk scores in Acute Coronary Syndromes:a meta-analysis of 40 derivation studies on 216,552 patients and of 42 validation studies on 31,625 patients [J].Contemporary Clinical Trials,2012,33(3):507-514.

        [16]Akpek M,Kaya MG,Uyarel H,et al.The association of serum uric acid levels on coronary flow in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI [J].Atherosclerosis,2011,219(1):334-341.

        [17]Tamariz L,Agarwal S,Soliman EZ,et al.Association of Serum Uric Acid With Incident Atrial Fibrillation (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] Study) [J].American Journal of Cardiology,2011,108(9):1272-1276.

        [18]Kojima S,Sakamoto T,Ishihara M,et al.Prognostic Usefulness of Serum Uric Acid After Acute Myocardial Infarction (The Japanese Acute Coronary Syndrome Study) [J].American Journal of Cardiology,2005,96:489-495.

        [19]Bassan R,Potsch A,Maisel A,et al.B-type natriuretic peptide:a novel early blood marker of acute myocardial infarction in patients with chest pain and no ST-segment elevation [J].European Heart Journal,2005,26(3):234-240.

        [20]Radwan H,Selem A,Ghazal K.Value of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide in predicting prognosis and severity of coronary artery disease in acute coronary syndrome [J].Journal of the Saudi Heart Association,2014,26(4):192-198.

        Correlation between serum uric acid/BNP levels and GRACE score in patients with acute coronary syndrome and its predictive value

        LIU Jing-feng,WANG Yu,WANG Xue-dong

        (Department of CCU,Beijing Hepingli Hospital,Beijing 100013,China)

        Objective To investigate the relationship between levels of serum uric acid/B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) risk score in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and their predictive value for long-term prognosis.Methods The serum uric acid,BNP and GRACE were measured in 291 patients who were diagnosed as ACS and not treated by surgery.The main adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were followed up for a six mouths.The correlation between serum levels of uric acid/BNP and GRACE scores was analyzed.The predictive value of MACE was evaluated as well.Results According to GRACE score,ACS patients were divided into high,medium and low risk groups.Serum uric acid and BNP levels in high risk group were significantly higher than that in another 2 groups (P< 0.01).The levels of serum uric acid and BNP were both linearly correlated with GRACE scores.Conclusion In ACS patients without surgical treatment,the higher levels of serum uric acid and BNP are,the higher the GRACE scores are.Serum levels of uric acid/BNP and GRACE scores are positively correlated with the risk of MACE.

        Acute coronary syndrome; Serum uric acid; BNP; Global registry of acute coronary events

        R541.4

        A

        1672-6170(2016)04-0067-03

        2016-02-10;

        2016-04-19)

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