陳迎春 董大勇 李寶峰

摘要：本報(bào)告介紹了“民機(jī)駕駛艙人機(jī)工效綜合仿真理論與方法研究”在2013年度的研究進(jìn)展。主要研究成果包括： 1. 建立了進(jìn)近滑行階段飛行員仿真模型；提出分層次的飛行員仿真模型的驗(yàn)證方法，即宏觀和微觀結(jié)合的方法。利用飛行員操縱序列等實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)做宏觀驗(yàn)證，利用眼動(dòng)等數(shù)據(jù)做微觀驗(yàn)證。 2. 基于前期開(kāi)展的13項(xiàng)駕駛艙視覺(jué)工效學(xué)研究，總結(jié)了不同環(huán)境因素對(duì)被試主觀評(píng)價(jià)、視覺(jué)作業(yè)績(jī)效和反應(yīng)時(shí)的影響程度。在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了包含安全告警、探測(cè)反應(yīng)和舒適偏好三個(gè)子模塊的駕駛艙環(huán)境評(píng)估模型。 3圍繞“人在環(huán)復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的控制問(wèn)題”這一核心科學(xué)問(wèn)題，從人機(jī)不同形式智能體融合及其相互影響機(jī)理入手，構(gòu)建復(fù)雜智能系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型并通過(guò)科學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)及觀測(cè)方法對(duì)模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，最終確定用于民機(jī)駕駛艙人機(jī)工效評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)體系和綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法。 4. 基于飛行員腦力負(fù)荷綜合評(píng)價(jià)，建立了視覺(jué)信息流強(qiáng)度模型；在混合熵模型和SEEV模型的基礎(chǔ)上提出了多因素條件下注意力分配數(shù)學(xué)模型，完善了注意力分配理論模型；通過(guò)細(xì)化和明確駕駛艙人機(jī)系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化水平和動(dòng)態(tài)顯示界面、人機(jī)作業(yè)邏輯間的映射關(guān)系給出了動(dòng)態(tài)功能分配方案，在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了民機(jī)駕駛艙人機(jī)界面的仿真模型；給出了民機(jī)駕駛艙人機(jī)界面的仿真驗(yàn)證準(zhǔn)則。 5.建立了民機(jī)駕駛員操作行為編碼體系，建立駕駛艙飛行員感知-決策-行為（PDA）模型；基于PDA 模型開(kāi)發(fā)了“民機(jī)駕駛艙人為差錯(cuò)仿真與分析系統(tǒng)”；搭建了駕駛艙人為差錯(cuò)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，并設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)施了駕駛艙注意力分配實(shí)驗(yàn)。 6.開(kāi)展了駕駛艙空間色彩綜合工效實(shí)驗(yàn)、駕駛艙內(nèi)飾參數(shù)化實(shí)體造型和視覺(jué)工效評(píng)價(jià)實(shí)驗(yàn)、完成了基于數(shù)字仿真置信度的駕駛艙人機(jī)工效評(píng)價(jià)研究。形成了飛機(jī)駕駛艙內(nèi)飾造型特征線分析和基于數(shù)字仿真的飛機(jī)駕駛艙虛擬評(píng)價(jià)方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：人機(jī)工效；民機(jī)駕駛艙；飛行員仿真；環(huán)境工效；視覺(jué)績(jī)效；復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)；PDA模型

Abstract：In this report， the main research work of the program “Research on integrated ergonomic simulation theory and methods of the civil aircraft flight deck” in 2013 was introduced. 6 projects of the program made great progress， which include as below. 1. The pilot model of approach and taxiing has been built. Hierarchical validation method of pilot model is proposed. The validation has two steps： Macro validation that uses the operation sequences and micro validation that uses the eye movement data and so on. 2. Based on the 13 cockpit visual ergonomics studies， a cockpit environmental assessment model was built. It was divided into three sub-modules： security alarm， detection reaction and comfort preferences. 3. Aiming at building a mathematical model for complex intelligent systems to integrate pilot and automatic flying system. a comprehensive evaluation techniques and systematic methods for the ergonomics in the civil aircraft flight deck was established based on the research on the effect mechanism between different intelligent agents. 4. Baesd on the pilot mental workload comprehensive evaluation， visual information flow intensity model was established. The research on complement of attention allocation theoretical model put forward a new forecast model named as “attention allocation model under multi-factor conditions” based on hybrid model and SEEV model. On the basis of the mapping relationship between the automatic level of cockpit human machine system and dynamic display interface， the simulation model of human machine interface in civil airplane cockpit was founded on the dynamic functional allocation strategy in human machine interaction system. 5. A pilot operation coding system was built. A pilot PDA model was established. Pilot Error Simulation and Analysis System （PESAS） was developed. Based on the test platform of cockpit human error， the experiment about cockpit attention distribution was carried on. 6. Flight deck space color integrated ergonomics experiment was carried on. The flight deck ergonomic evaluation research based on confidence level of digital simulation has been done. Parametric entity modeling of flight deck interior was built， and the visual ergonomics evaluation experiment has been done. The marking results are the characteristic line analysis of aircraft cockpit interior modeling and virtual evaluation method of aircraft flight based on digital simulation.

Keywords：Ergonomics；civil fight deck ；pilot modeling；environmental ergonomics；visual performance；complex system； PDA model

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