挪威蓋于拉山巔眺望臺(tái)

THE GAULAR MOUNTAIN SET FOR REST，NORWAY

該場(chǎng)地名為“Utsikten”，有觀景的意思，位于挪威綿延的蓋于拉（Gaular）山脈之中，是前往挪威西海岸路上的一個(gè)天然的停車眺望點(diǎn)。人們經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)途跋涉或是徒步穿越來(lái)到這里，常被眼前壯美的山色所震撼。而對(duì)于駕車來(lái)此的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，這里則成為他們回望來(lái)時(shí)曲折陡峭路徑的最佳場(chǎng)所。

場(chǎng)地位于道路的一側(cè)，由一個(gè)巨大的三角形混凝土平臺(tái)構(gòu)成，由CODE建筑事務(wù)所設(shè)計(jì)。平臺(tái)的三個(gè)角微微上揚(yáng)，如同停歇在山巔的鳥(niǎo)兒飛揚(yáng)的羽翼，80cm厚的混凝土板也因此形態(tài)顯得更輕盈而舒展。正如合理擺放的野餐布能夠帶來(lái)完美的就餐體驗(yàn)，混凝土平臺(tái)的放置角度也經(jīng)過(guò)了精心設(shè)計(jì)，車輛可以停靠在平臺(tái)四周的場(chǎng)地上，而游客可以登上平臺(tái)從各個(gè)角度全方位地觀賞山巔美景。

為了能使設(shè)計(jì)盡可能地切合場(chǎng)地，充分挖掘出場(chǎng)地的特質(zhì)，設(shè)計(jì)師們?cè)趫?chǎng)地中搭建出全尺度的概念模型。使用了吊車和繩索，通過(guò)一次次的模型修改，整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)方案也變得越來(lái)越完善，直到形成最終的3D模型、圖紙并落地實(shí)施。

場(chǎng)地在可達(dá)性較差的山地區(qū)位、復(fù)雜的幾何造型給項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施帶來(lái)了很多困難，而對(duì)質(zhì)量的極致追求讓整個(gè)建造過(guò)程變得更具挑戰(zhàn)性。為了盡可能地做好準(zhǔn)備工作，項(xiàng)目協(xié)調(diào)各方達(dá)成了施工方面的共識(shí)，以便形成統(tǒng)一的建造方案和實(shí)施方法。

最終建成的眺望臺(tái)以極其壯美的姿態(tài)聳立在延綿的群山之中，低調(diào)粗獷的材料和建造工藝使得極具幾何美感的造型更為突出且純粹。隨著時(shí)間流逝，平臺(tái)將會(huì)被植物覆蓋，混凝土的顏色也逐漸可與周圍群山融為一體。在平臺(tái)的邊緣立著一系列由粗鋼管支撐的欄桿，通透的鐵網(wǎng)在保證安全的同時(shí)保證了視線的通透?；炷恋谋砻娼?jīng)削磨、拋光、噴砂或覆板，強(qiáng)化了形態(tài)并區(qū)分了平臺(tái)的不同區(qū)域，留出了可供站立、停坐的空間，通往衛(wèi)生間和山坡的路徑，以及供雨水流出平臺(tái)的泄水口。而在雨天，這些飛揚(yáng)的尖角下部又能成為游客臨時(shí)躲避風(fēng)雨的場(chǎng)所。

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：CODE建筑事務(wù)所

項(xiàng)目名稱：挪威蓋于拉山巔眺望臺(tái)

項(xiàng)目建筑師：埃溫·尼加德

比亞內(nèi)·林斯塔（CODE建筑事務(wù)所）

項(xiàng)目工程師：斯泰納爾·貝克爾（B-consult）

弗洛里安·科施（ DIFK）

總承包商 ：桑納訥公司

開(kāi)發(fā)商：挪威國(guó)家旅游路線

項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始時(shí)間：2008年9月

項(xiàng)目完成時(shí)間：2016年6月

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：挪威西部的巴萊斯特蘭直轄市Gaular山脈

面積：850 m2

材料：鋼筋混凝土，鋼，光伏電池板

翻譯：蔣鑫

校對(duì)：王晞月

The site is known as Utsikten (“The View”) and is a natural place to stop when driving over the Gaular Mountain along the western coast of Norway. For those who have made the trek over the mountain itself, the site affords a sudden and surprising vista overlooking a majestic landscape. Conversely, for those driving up from below, Utsikten constitutes the ever visible apex of the ascent rising up through a series of hairpin bends.

CODE’s project at Utsikten is a large, triangular concrete platform situated right at the side of the road. The platform is 80 cm thick but appears torest lightly atop the terrain with raised, wing‐like corners that protrude outwards and upwards into the air. Similar to how a picnic blanket is neatly arranged in order to create the proper setting for a meal, the concrete platform at Utsikten has been developed to create the proper setting for the entire stopover. The cars drive all the way up to the outlook, and visitors can move around between the corners to experience the spectacular scenery from various angles.

In order to ensure the optimal placement for the finished project and exploit the site’s various qualities, the architects sketched the concept at full scale at the site itself. With the aid of a crane and ropes, the structure was constructed as a wire model over several rounds before finally being transferred into a 3D model, drawings, and the finished product.

The work on the concrete construction proved to be quite challenging because of the mountain’s location, the complex geometry, and the high demands to quality. In order to be as prepared as possible, the various actors involved in the construction project first participated in a trial construction of large sections of the platform in order to make common experiences and quality assure the given choices and approaches.

The finished platform appears as an independent, geometric, and precise object in the landscape. The materials and technology are familiar and robust, while it is the shape itself that is spectacular. Over time the concrete will acquire natural vegetation and its colour will approximate that of the surrounding mountainsides. The rails have been made from thick steel pipes as a visually conspicuous seam along the platform’s edges and reliefs, with outstretched nets that are more or less transparent. The concrete includes surfaces that have been milled, honed, sandblasted or boardsheathed in order to accentuate the platform’s shape and zonal divisions. The raised corners contain holes and reliefs that provide sitting andstanding room, access to the restrooms, and egresses to the terrain, or that serve as an outlet for the rainwater amassed at the platform. During rainy weather it is also possible to seek shelter beneath these corners.

Design studio: CODE:architecture

Project:Utsikten viewpoint, Gaularfjellet

Architects:CODE: architecture by Eivind Nygaard and Bjarne Ringstad

Engineers:B-consult by Steinar Bjercke and DIFK by Florian Kosche

Contractor:Veidekke Sandane

Developer:National Tourist Routes, Norway

Starting at:September 2008

Finish at: June 2016

Project address:Gaularfjell Balestrand municipality，Western part of Norway

Project area/dimension:floor area 850 sqm

Main materials:Reinforced concrete, steel, PV panels

Translation:JIANG Xin

Proofreading:WANG Xi-yue