劉紅

介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)做句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)或從句做賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中做狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。介詞是中考試卷中的“常客”，從時(shí)間上看，年年都要考；從地區(qū)來(lái)看，每個(gè)地區(qū)都要考?？疾榻樵~的主要題目有：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻譯等。下面就以中考真題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)為線索，給大家介紹一下?？冀樵~的用法。

一、與時(shí)間相連的介詞

先看下面的中考真題：

1.（2015年連云港卷選擇填空）I was born____December 17.This year I'Il hold a birth-day party for it at home.

A.on

B.at

C.in

D.by

2.（2015年株洲卷選擇填空）People can see differenc kinds of flowers here____May.

A.at

B.in

C.on

3.（2015年重慶A卷選擇填空）A terrible earthquake happened in Nepal____April 25th，2015.

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.from

4.（2015年武威卷選擇填空）-The charity walk begins____9：00.Don't be late.

-No problem.

A.at

B.by

C.in

D.on

5.（2015年德州卷首字母填空）He has been away from home s____two days ago.

6.（2015年菏澤卷短文填空）After walking around____some time，she came to a river.

7.（2015年涼山卷選擇填空）-Do you know Victory Day in China？

-Yes，it's____September 3rd____ each year.It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars.Chinese people will never forget the history.

A.in；on

B.on；/

C.at；/

D.on；in

8.（2015年武威卷完形填空）We stayed in Hong Kong____a week.

A.of

B.for

C.at

9.（2015年溫州卷句子填空）The Highland Museum is opened every day____Monday.

10.（2015年安徽卷選擇填空）The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come____four days.

A.after

B.for

C.during

D.in

答案：

1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.since 6.for 7.B8.B 9.except 10.D

總結(jié)：

1.表示時(shí)間時(shí)，at強(qiáng)調(diào)“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”；in強(qiáng)調(diào)“時(shí)間段”；on強(qiáng)調(diào)“具體某一天或某一天的早上、中午、晚上”。

2.“in+時(shí)間段”用于將來(lái)時(shí)；“after+時(shí)間段”用于過(guò)去時(shí)。兩者都表示“一段時(shí)間以后”。

3.“for+時(shí)間段”和“since+表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，常與含有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)連用。

4.“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“不遲于、在……之前”，常用于將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)。

5.during表示“在……期間”。

6.表示“在某年或某月”用in；但是表示“在某一天”則用on。

二、與地點(diǎn)、方位相連的介詞

再看下面的中考真題：

1.（2015年益陽(yáng)卷選擇填空）The bank is____the bookstore and the post office.

A.at the front of

B.among

C.between

2.（2014年益陽(yáng)卷選擇填空）Uncle Tom lives____a farm____the country.

A.in；at

B.near；on

C.on；in

3.（2015年濰坊卷選擇填空）You must be careful when you swim____the lake.

A.across

B.below

C.over

D.through

4.（2015年涼山卷短文填空）People____the world watched it.

5.（2014年天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）Cambridge is a small city_____the east of England.

A.between

B.with

C.in

D.under

6.（2015年南寧卷單項(xiàng)選擇）Jim sits be-hind me，so I sit____him.

A.at the top of

B.at the end of

C.in the middle of

D.in front of

答案：

1.C 2.C 3.A 4.around 5.C 6.D

總結(jié)：

1.in表示范圍較大的地方；at表示范圍較小的地方。

2.方位介詞的用法，可以參考以下表格：

三、表示手段、方法的介詞

請(qǐng)看下面的中考真題：

1.（2014年河北卷選擇填空）You see，Kevin is writing____his left hand.

A.at

B.as

C.for

D.with

2.（2014年萊蕪卷選擇填空）We can save money____cooking our own meals instead of eating outside.

A.by

B.to

C.for

D.with

3.（2014年成都卷選擇填空）Cina，what's this____English？

A.by

B.for

C.in

答案：

1.D 2.A 3.C

總結(jié)：

1.with表示工具、方式（抽象），也可以表示材料。

2.by表示途徑或手段。

3.in表示方式，有時(shí)可以和through互換。

四、常見(jiàn)搭配中的介詞

請(qǐng)看下面的中考真題：

1.（2015年福州卷單項(xiàng)選擇）-Do you re-member what she looked like when you first met her？

-Of course.She was tall and thin____long hair.

A.in

B.with

C.on

2.（2015年福州卷完形填空）My mom is____her mid-seventies，and her rough hands are still doing things for my family and me.

A.on

B.in

C.at

3.（2015年福州卷短文填空）It began____（在……期間）the Western Han Dynasty.

4.（2015年龍巖卷選擇填空）Jack had to stop working though it was____his own wishes.

A.on

B.for

C.against

5.（2015年龍巖卷短文填空）The Web can remember it f____us.

6.（2015年連云港卷單項(xiàng)選擇）It is great____us to get so many favorite books on Inter-national Children's Book Day.

A.to

B.with

C.of

D.for

7.（2015年濱州卷選擇填空）My mother says my friend is similar____me，but I think she is different____me.

A.as；from

B.to；from

C.to；to

D.as；to

8.（2015年濱州卷單詞拼寫(xiě)）He is the tall-est one____（在……當(dāng)中）the boys.

9.（2015年德州卷綜合填空）So he caught the train back to London to see the friend a____ once.

10.（2015年聊城卷選詞填空）If you find yourself in the middle of the crowd，you must be careful.Don't walk____the moving direction and don't stop or sit down.

11.（2015年煙臺(tái)卷短文填空）Welcome to our store.We have skirts____all colors____$16 each.

12.（2015午煙臺(tái)卷完形填空）Compared____some unhappy people， those who are al-ways pleased and relaxed are less likely to suffer colds.

A.to

B.with

C.in

D.of

13.（2015年煙臺(tái)卷短文填空）You'd better try to have drinks____little sugar.

14.（2015年成都卷選擇填空）Don't belate____class.We must be on time.

A.for

B.to

C.in

15.（2015年廣安卷完形填空）I leam____my teacher and my classmates at the cor-ner.

A.to

B.at

C.for

D.from

16.（2015年涼山卷完形填空）He looked at me and，____a word，smiled.

A.in

B.with

C.without

D.for

17.（2015年南充卷填空）Everyone is born____the ability to learn.

A.at

B.on

C.with

D.in

18. （2015年資陽(yáng)卷單項(xiàng)填空）When I got into the room，Green was talking____the phone.

A.on

B.with

C.to

D.in

19.（2015年麗水卷選詞填空）Hey，guys！If you know the answers，please put up your hands____your heads.

20.（2015年杭州卷單詞拼寫(xiě)）All the stu-dents are studying at school e____Tom，who is ill at home.

21.（2015年寧波卷語(yǔ)法填空）Why not go and borrow some money____her？

22.（2015年廣州卷完形填空）When the king saw that she was playing his old harp，he was filled____joy.

A.in

B.of

C.by

D.with

23.（2015年三亞卷選擇填空）-A person's life is like a road____lots of difficulties.

-Yes，so we need positive energy.

A.by

B.with

C.along

24.（2015年三亞卷單詞拼寫(xiě)）Do you know the difference____（在……之間）“be-side"and"besides"？

25.（2015年武威卷完形填空）They hope it can protect them____terrible air.

A.in

B.from

C.for

D.at

26.（2015年鹽城卷選擇填空）This photo reminded the old man____the days when he was young.

A.with

B.for

C.by

D.of

27.（2015年河南卷單項(xiàng)選擇）Wild ani-mals are our friends.We shouldn't kill them____food or clothing.

A.in

B.with

C.about

D.for

答案：

1.B 2.B 3.during 4.C 5.for 6.D 7.B 8.of 9.at 10.against 11.in；for 12.B 13.with 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.over 20.ex-cept 21.from 22.D 23.B 24.between 25.B 26.D 27.D

強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：

從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.-What a beautiful mobile phone！

-I think so.My uncle gave it to me____ my birthday.

A.with

B.at

C.to

D.for

2.-I want to buy a ticket____the movie Rock Hero.

-You're lucky.We have only one left.

A.to

B.at

C.with

D.in

3.David often practices English____chat-ting with his pen pal.

A.of

B.by

C.for

D.with

4.-When will you leave this afternoon？

-I think I'll stay____five.

A.at

B.for

C.since

D.until

5.The library is closed____Monday eve-ning.

A.at

B.on

C.in

D.from

6.-When and where did you take this photo____the shark？

-Last year in Dalian.

A.to

B.with

C.of

D.between

7.-Do you agree with Alice's idea？

-No.I'm____going there by bus.Why not ride our bikes？

A.against

B.on

C.for

D.off

8.He was born____1897 and died____ the age of 30.

A.in；at

B.on；in

C.in；on

D.at；in

9.-Joe，do you learn to play the violin____your cousin？

-No，I learn it all____myself.

A.of；on

B.of；by

C.from；on

D.from；by

10.-You play ping-pong so well.How long have you learned？

-____five years.

A.In

B.After

C.For

D.By

11.He writes____his foot because he has no hands.

A.at

B.with

C.for

D.as

12.-Where is your grandpa？

-Lookl He is sitting____a group of peo-ple over there.

A.from

B.about

C.between

D.among

13.-I can't finish the work____him.

-Really？I will ask him to help you.

A.for

B.to

C.without

D.with

14.We have different opinions____how to help the children in the poor areas.

A.on

B.at

C.in

D.with

15.The little elephant is afraid to go alone.He always walks____his mother.

A.beside

B.besides

C.below

D.before

16.-Would you please show me the way____the bank？

-Yes，go straight on.It's opposite a super-market.

A.in

B.for

C.with

D.to

17.-Who else do you know at the party____Lily and Lucy？

-No one.

A.except

B.between

C.among

D.besides

18.He can dance____the music though he is only two years old.

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.at

19.-Would you like some milk？

-Yes，and get me some honey，please.prefer milk____honey.

A.to

B.in

C.with

D.for

20.-Taking buses is much faster than rid- ing bicycles in Zhengzhou.

-Well，I disagree____you.It depends on where you ride.

A.with

B.to

C.of

D.at

21.Nowadays not only the young but also the old are getting interested____WeChat.

A.by

B.about

C.in

D.for

22.-Oh，what is the girl____red doing？

-I think she's waiting____someone.

A.with；in

B.in；for

C.of；on

D.on；with

23.It is very kind____you to help me with my lessons.It's hard____me to learn them well without your help.

A.of；for

B.of；of

C.for；of

D.for；for

24.-How soon will Tina's show be on？

-____five minutes.

A.In

B.For

C.At

D.From

25.-Did Lucy get the first prize in themath competition？

-Yeah.Nobody knew the answer____the last question except her.

A.in

B.with

C.to

D.for

Key：

1-5 DABDB

6-10 CAADC

11-15 BDCAA

16-20 DDBCA

21-25 CBAAC