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        代詞用法多 小詞要大做

        2016-04-13 20:39:15胡瑞明
        試題與研究·中考英語 2015年3期
        關(guān)鍵詞:物主代詞中考題單數(shù)

        胡瑞明

        代詞在歷年中考試題中的出現(xiàn)頻率很高,是典型的“小詞要大做”。中考代詞常見的考點分布在對人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞和反身代詞等知識點的考查上,對不定代詞的考查更是重中之重。下面試以近幾年中考真題為例,對代詞的考查熱點進行分析歸納,以供同學們復(fù)習參考。

        一、對人稱代詞主格與賓格的考查

        【考點小結(jié)】

        英語中的人稱代詞既有不同的人稱,還有主格、賓格以及單復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。一般來說,人稱代詞在句中做主語時要用主格,做賓語時用賓格。詳見下表:

        【中考題例】

        1.(2015年龍巖卷)These are____coats.Can you look after____for me?

        A.my;them

        B.I;they

        C.me;them

        2.(2015年涼州卷)-ls the man who issinging your teacher?

        -Yes,he teaches____physics.

        A.we

        B.our

        C.ours

        D.us

        3.(2015年重慶卷)My mother used to make breakfast for____every morning,but now I do it myself.

        A.mine

        B.my

        C.I

        D.me

        4.(2015年泰州卷)Mr.Wu teaches____English.We all like____.

        A.our;him

        B.us;him

        C.us;her

        D.our;her

        5.(2014年重慶A卷)Aunt Tina will visit us soon.____is arriving tomorrow mormng.

        A.He

        B.She

        C.His

        D.Her

        6.(2014年麗水卷)-Susan,can you help clean the window?

        -Why____?Alice is sitting there doing nothing.

        A.him

        B.her

        C.you

        D.me

        Key:1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D

        二、對物主代詞的考查

        【考點小結(jié)】

        物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞,一般放在名詞前做定語,可與形容詞own連用表示強調(diào);名詞性物主代詞相當于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,在句中用作主語、賓語或表語,并可與of連用,構(gòu)成雙重所有格,但不能用作定語。物主代詞的分類、人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表:

        注意:一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中常用定冠詞,不用物主代詞。例如:take sb.by the arm“抓住某人的胳膊”;pat sb.on the shoulder“拍某人的肩膀”。

        【中考題例】

        1.(2015年福州卷)-Jane,is this your um-brella?

        -No,it's not____.I didn't take one this morning.

        A.me

        B.my

        C.mine

        2.(2015年資陽卷)-Sally,may I use your iPad?____is broken.

        -OK,here you are.

        A.Your

        B.Yours

        C.Mine

        D.My

        3.(2015年濰坊卷)Lucy's strawberries are fresher than____.

        A.I

        B.me

        C.my

        D.mine

        4.(2015年自貢卷)-Bill,is that your sis-ter's pet dog?

        -No,____is white.

        A.She

        B.Her

        C.Hers

        5.(2015年廣安卷)-I can't find my ruler.MayI use____?

        -Of course.Here you are.

        A.you

        B.your

        C.yours

        D.yourself

        6.(2015年南充卷)-What's____name?

        -____is Eric.

        A.his;He

        B.his;His

        C.he;His

        D.he;He

        7.(2015年邵陽卷)-Is this your school-bag?

        -No, it isn't.____is in my desk.

        A.My

        B.Mine

        C.Me

        8.(2014年臺州卷)-Hi,Tom.Is that your bag?

        -No,it is Mary's.And the sweater near the bag is____,too.

        A.mine

        B.yours

        C.hers

        D.his

        9.(2013年黃岡卷)-ls this____football,boys?

        -No, it is not____.

        A.yours;ours

        B.your;our

        C.yours; our

        D.your;ours

        10.(2015年河北卷)My brother likes paint-ing.It's one of____hobbies.

        A.my

        B.her

        C.his

        D.your

        Key:1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.C

        三、對反身代詞的考查

        【考點小結(jié)】

        反身代詞是表示“我(們)自己”“你(們)自己”“它(們)自己”“他(們)自己”等的代詞,反身代詞必須要與被指代人在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。反身代詞可用作賓語、表語或同位語。反身代詞有單復(fù)數(shù)和人稱的變化,詳見下表:

        常見的反身代詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配:

        enjoy oneself“玩得開心”:introduce oneself“自我介紹”;behave oneself“規(guī)矩點”;make one-self at home“讓某人像在自己家里一樣”;ex-press oneself“表達某人自己的意思”;help one-self to sth.“隨便吃/用/拿”;come to oneself“蘇醒過來”;teach oneself“自學”;leave sb.by oneself“將某人單獨留下”;look after oneself“照顧自己”;learn…by oneself/teach oneself“自學”;dress oneself“自己穿衣”;for oneself“為自己、親自”;of oneself“自動地”;by oneself“獨自地,靠自己”。

        【中考題例】

        1.(2015年連云港卷)-I'm afraid l won't pass the exam.

        -Come on,Bill.You should believe in____.That's the secret of success.

        A.myself

        B.ourselves

        C. yourself

        D.yourselves

        2.(2014年陜西卷)Don't worry.We're old enough to look after____.

        A.myself

        B.me

        C.ourselves

        D.us

        3.(2013年濟寧卷)Don't worry about me.I can take good care of____.

        A.me

        B.myself

        C.him

        D.himself

        4.(2013年廣州卷)The man called his pro-fessor for help because he couldn't solve the prob-lem by____.

        A.herself

        B.himself

        C. yourself

        D.themselves

        5.(2013年陜西卷)It's very important for us to learn how to learn by____.

        A.ourselves

        B.itself

        C.myself

        D.themselves

        Key:1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A

        四、對替代詞it/ they/ them/ one/ ones/the one/the ones/that/those的用法考查

        【考點小結(jié)】

        it特指前文提到過的同一事物,可指代不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。they和them為其復(fù)數(shù)形式。it還可指代時間、距離、金錢、自然現(xiàn)象等。

        one相當于“a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”,表示泛指同類人或物中的某一個。ones為其復(fù)數(shù)形式,所替代的是同名異物,表示泛指。the one代替前面出現(xiàn)過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表示特指,相當于“the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”。the ones為其復(fù)數(shù)形式。

        that特指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,其后通常有限定詞修飾。當名詞為可數(shù)名詞時,可以和the one互換。復(fù)數(shù)形式為those。此外,在打電話時,通常用this指代自己,用that指代對方。

        those相當于the ones,特指前面出現(xiàn)過的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,相當于“the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。

        【中考題例】

        1.(2015年宜賓卷)There are enough cups for each visitor to have____

        A.one

        B.it

        C.this

        D.that

        2.(2014年連云港卷)-This book on idioms is interesting.I'd like____.Where did you buy it.Simon?

        -ln the American Bookstore.

        A.it

        B.this

        D.one

        3.(2014年廣東卷)-Hello,Linda speak-ing.Who's____?

        -Hello,this is Martin.

        A.he

        B.one

        C.that

        D.this

        4.(2013年鞍山卷)-What kind of house would you like?

        -I'd like____with a garden in front of____.

        A.it;one

        B.one;one

        C.one;it

        D.it;it

        5.(2014年烏魯木齊卷)Your new back-pack is so nice.1 want to buy____,too.

        A.one

        B.it

        C.that

        D.this

        6.(2014年河北卷)Do you have toys?I'd like to buy____for my cousin.

        A.it

        B.one

        C.this

        D.that

        7.(2015年南京卷)Everyone makes mis-takes in his or her life.The important thing is not to repeat____.

        A.it

        B.them

        C.him

        D.her

        8.(2015年菏澤卷)When we got to the park yesterday,____started raining.

        A.that

        B.it

        C.this

        Key:1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B

        五、對all/both/either/neither/none等不定代詞的考查

        【考點小結(jié)】

        all表示“三者或三者以上都”;both表示“兩者都”;none與all相反,表示“三者或三者以上都不”;neither與both相反,表示“兩者都不”。either表示“(兩者之中)任何一個”,可以與of連用。none表示全部否定,而all/both與not連用時通常表示部分否定。

        【中考題例】

        1.(2015年福州卷)-What would you like,tea or coffee?

        -____,thanks.I just prefer a glass of water.

        A.Both

        B.Neither

        C.Either

        2.(2015年泰安卷)My hometown is becom-mg more and more beautiful with trees and flow-ers on____sides of the road.

        A.all

        B.both

        C.neither

        D.either

        3.(2015年重慶A卷)Jiefangbei is not far from Chaotianmen.You can easily visit____in a day.

        A.each

        B.none

        C.both

        D.neither

        4.(2015年杭州卷)Unfortunately I was sit-ting at the table with smokers on____side of me.

        A.either

        B.both

        C.other

        D.all

        5.(2015年溫州卷)-Mom,what would you like,coff'ee or tea?

        —____.Just water,please.

        A.Either

        B.Both

        C.Neither

        D.None

        6.(2014年重慶A卷)Sam and Henry play football very well.We hope____of them can join our team.

        A.all

        B.both

        C.every

        D.same

        7.(2014年揚州卷)-Which of the two T-shirts would you like?

        -____.I don't like the styles.

        A.Either

        B.Both

        C.None

        D.Neither

        8.(2013年陜西卷)-Which of the two sub-jects do you like,art or music?

        -____.They are really interesting.

        A.Neither

        B.Both

        C.None

        D.All

        9.(2012年北京卷)There were only twopaintings for sale and he bought____

        A.all

        B.any

        C.both

        D.some

        10.(2014年蘇州卷)-Could you come this Saturday afternoon or this Sunday morning?

        -____is OK.I'm free this weekend.

        A.All

        B.Both

        C.None

        D.Either

        Key:1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.D

        六、對another/other/the other/others/the others等不定代詞的考查

        【考點小結(jié)】

        other表示“其他的、另外的”,只與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,有時可與some連用,構(gòu)成“some other+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu);the other可單獨使用,表示“兩者中的另一個”,用于特指;another表示“(三者及以上中的)任意的另一個”;“another+名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)指“(三者及以上中的)另外一個”,用于泛指;others意為“其他的”,用于泛指;“other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)相當于others;others和some可構(gòu)成搭配“some…others…”;the others表示“其余所有的人或物”,用于特指。

        【中考題例】

        1.(2015年濱州卷)-I still want to drink something.May I have____cup of juice?

        -Certainly.Here you are.

        A.other

        B.more

        C.another

        D.else

        2.(2015年安徽卷)We can't do it that way-but whether it will work is____matter.

        A.other

        B.another

        C.each

        D.every

        3.(2014年福州卷)-Shall we meet at 8 o'clock next Sunday morning?

        -I won't be free then.Let's make it____day.

        A.other

        B.another

        C.the other

        4.(2014年青海卷)-Do you keep a pet?

        -Yes.I have two dogs,one is white.____is black.

        A.other

        B.the other

        C.another

        Key:1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B

        注意:“形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+any other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”“形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+any of the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”“形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+the others/any of the others”,這三個結(jié)構(gòu)表示“比同一范圍中的任何一個人或物都……”,如果比較的雙方不屬于同一類別或范圍,句中則不用other(s)。

        【中考題例】

        (2014年黃岡卷)-Everyone knows Canada is the second largest countrv in the world.

        -That is,it is larger than____country in Asia.

        A.any

        B.any other

        C.other

        D.another

        Key:A

        七、對復(fù)合不定代詞的考查

        【考點小結(jié)】

        復(fù)合不定代詞有表示事物與表示人之分:表示事物的有something、anything、nothing、everything等;表示人的有somebody、anybody、nobody、everybody等。一般來說,something、somebody、everything、everybody等用于肯定句,anything和anybody用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句;nothing和nobodv本身具有否定意義,它們可構(gòu)成否定句。此外,如果everything和everybody用于否定句中,則表示部分否定。注意:nobody在口語中表示“無足輕重的人、小人物”;somebody表示“大人物、重要人物”。

        【中考題例】

        1.(2015年長沙卷)There is____wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.

        A.anything

        B.something

        C.nothing

        2.(2015年菏澤卷)-Who taught Zhu Zhi-wen to sing?

        ___!He leamed singing by himself.

        A.Everybody

        B.Somebody

        C.Nobody

        3.(2015年煙臺卷)When our teacher heard of the news,he was too angry to say____.

        A.everything

        B.nothing

        C.something

        D.anything

        4.(2014年溫州卷)-Look,____is danc-ing under the tree..

        -Oh,that's my cousin,Anna.

        A.everybody

        B.anybody

        C.nobody

        D.somebody

        5.(2015年吉林卷)There is____in to-day's newspapers,you don't need to read it.

        A.something

        B.nothing

        C.anything

        6.(2013年河南卷)He thinks himself some-body,but we think him____

        A.nobody

        B.anybody

        C. somebody

        D.everybody

        7.(2015年南京卷)-What would you like to drink?

        -I'm very thirsty.____you can get.Just get it now.

        A.Anything

        B.Something

        C.Nothing

        D.Other things

        8.(2013年濟南卷)-Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday?

        —____I did it all by myself.

        A.Someone

        B.Anyone

        C.Nobody

        D.Everybody

        9.(2015年鹽城卷)-Wow,so many new buildings!But it used to be a poor village.

        -Yes.____has changed in our hometown.

        A.Nothing

        B.Nobody

        C.Everything

        D.Everybody

        Key:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.C

        八、對關(guān)系代詞that/who/which的考查

        【考點小結(jié)】

        關(guān)系代詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞,包括who,whom,which和that等。注意:當關(guān)系代詞指物時,只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況。

        當先行詞是不定代詞all、few、any、much、little、everything、something、anything、nothing等時;

        當先行詞被不定代詞all、few、any、much、little、everything、something、anything、nothing等修飾時;

        當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時:

        當先行詞被the only(唯一的)、the very(正是、就是)、the right(正是、就是)、the last(最后的)等詞修飾時;

        當先行詞中既有人又有物時。

        【中考題例】

        1.(2015年廣州卷)The stories____were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.

        A.that

        B.those

        C.who

        D.what

        2.(2014年臨沂卷)After Mandela was free(自由的)in 1990,he chose to shake hands with the people____wanted to kill him.

        A.whose

        B.which

        C.that

        D.who

        3.(2014年黃岡卷)-ln a text message,“88” means "Bye-bye".

        -And another example is F2F____stands for face to face.

        A.that

        B.who

        C.whom

        D.it

        Key:1.A 2.D 3.A

        鞏固練習:

        從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項。

        1.Here is a picture of John,a good friend of____which was taken at the beach last summer.

        A.his and mine

        B.him and me

        C.his and my

        D.his and me

        2.-Do you find Tom?

        -No,I can't find him on____side of the road.

        A.both

        B.either

        C.all

        D.neither

        3.Davidl Don't laugh at the failure of____,because____enjoys being laughed at.

        A.others;nobody

        B.other;everyone

        C.the other;anyone

        D.others;someone

        4.Generally speaking,young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in____

        A.the other

        B.some other

        C.others

        D.these others

        5.As far as I know,not all these books in that bookstore are second-hand;____of them are new.

        A.all

        B.none

        C.some

        D.each

        6.-Excuse me,I want to buy some new books,but I can't find a bookstore.

        -I know____nearby.Come on,I'll show you.

        A.any

        B.that

        C.one

        D.it

        7.I can't find my ticket.I think I must have lost____

        A.it

        B.one

        C.this

        D.them

        8.The Jones family couldn't agree on where to spend____vacation.

        A.its

        B.their

        C.his

        D.them

        9.-What's the date?

        -____is the third of October.

        A.Which

        B.It

        C.His

        D.That

        10.-Which would you like to see,my pass- port or my ID card?

        -Oh,____will do.

        A.either

        B.all

        C.none

        D.no one

        11.The twin brothers are so much alike that I can't tell one from____.

        A.the other

        B.other

        C.others

        D.the others

        12.To tell you the truth,I can't think of____better than providing a proper education for the children there.

        A.everything

        B.nothing

        C.anything

        D.something

        13.On my desk is a photo that my father took of____when I was a baby.

        A.him

        B.his

        C.me

        D.my

        14.The Smiths have visited two famous cities.One is in Japan and____is in China.

        A.another

        B.other

        C.others

        D.the other

        15.This machine is very easy to use.____can learn to use it in a very short time.

        A.Somebody

        B.Anybody

        .

        C.Nobody

        D.Few people

        16.He said____at the meeting and just sat there silently.

        A.something

        B.anything

        C.nothing

        D.everything

        17.Jack,Sue and I will____go to Sam's birthday party.

        A.both

        B.neither

        C.all

        D.either

        18.-Can you come and give us a talk on Thursday or Friday?

        -Sorry.I'm afraid____day is possible.

        A.either

        B.neither

        C.every

        D.any

        19.____can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.

        A.Anybody

        B.Everybody

        C.Nobody

        D.Somebody

        20.If you're buying today's paper from the stand,could you get____for me?

        A.one

        B.such

        C.this

        D.that

        21.If our parents do everything for us chil-dren,we won't learn to depend on____.

        A.themselves

        B.them

        C.us

        D.ourselves

        22.You are a team star!Working with____is really your cup of tea.

        A.both

        B.either

        C.others

        D.the other

        23.You can't finish the work____.Let____help you.

        A.yourself;me

        B.yourself;mine

        C.yourselves;I

        D.yourselves;mine

        24.Swimming is my favorite sport.There is____like swimming as a way of keeping fit.

        A.something

        B.anything

        C.nothing

        D.everything

        25.-Help____to some beef,Tom.

        -Thanks.It's very delicious.

        A.you

        B.yourselves

        C.yourself

        D.yours

        26.-Is this____mobile phone?

        -No,it is____.John's phone is beside his cup.

        A.hers;his

        B.his;her

        C.yours;his

        D.his;hers

        27.Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a pic-nic with him,but____of them wants to,be-cause they have work to do.

        A.either

        B.any

        C.neither

        D.none

        28.-Have you worked out how much the trip will cost?

        -$4,000,or____like that.

        A.anything

        B.everything

        C.something

        D.nothing

        29.No matter where he is,he makes____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.

        A.him

        B.this

        C.that

        D.it

        30.I don't like the colour of the T-shirt.Would you like to show me____one?

        A.the other

        B.others

        C.another

        D.the others

        Key:

        1-5 ABACC

        6-10 CABBA

        11-15 ACCDB

        16-20 CCBCA

        21-25 DCACC

        26-30 DCCDC

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