安徽省懷遠(yuǎn)一中 陳興艷

聚焦表示讓步、目的、原因、結(jié)果的狀語從句

安徽省懷遠(yuǎn)一中 陳興艷

狀語從句是運用從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句在句子中作狀語，修飾主句的動詞、形容詞或副詞等?？梢灾糜诰湮不蚓涫?，置于句首時常用逗號與主句隔開。本文重點解讀其中表示讓步、目的、原因、結(jié)果的狀語從句。

一、讓步狀語從句

引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞常用的有though/although，even if/even though，no matter+wh-（who，what/when/where/which...）/Wh-（what/when/wherever/who/how...）+ever，whether...or...不管……還是……等等。

1.though/although

though/although意思是“盡管、縱使”，不與but連用，可與作為副詞的yet，still連用。如：

She pretended to be angry though she was by heart very glad.

盡管她內(nèi)心十分高興，她卻裝作生氣的樣子。

Mr.Hall understands that although the problem has always been easy for him，it is not easy for the students.

2.even if/even though

even if/even though意思是“即使”，注意與表示“似乎、好像”的as if/as though的詞義區(qū)別。如：

We won't give up even if we could fail 10 times.

Even though she likes chatting，she is careful about making friends with strangers online.

盡管喜歡聊天，她還是對網(wǎng)上交友十分慎重。

3.no matter+wh-/wh-ever

no matter+wh-/Wh-ever意思是“無論”，通常wh-基本保留原詞義。wh-+ever還可以引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句等名詞性從句，而no matter+wh-不可以。如：

However/No matter how amusing the story is，I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.無論這個故事多么有趣，我這周都必須把它收起來，我要專心致志學(xué)習(xí)。

No matter what/Whatever your first language is，you should treasure it all your life.不論你的第一語言是什么，你一生都應(yīng)珍惜。

4.whether...or...

whether...or...意思是“不管……還是……”其中的whether不可以用if。如：

—Dad，I've finished my assignment.

—Good，and whether you play or watch TV，you mustn't disturb me.

——爸爸，我作業(yè)做完了。

——好的，不管你是玩還是看電視，記得一定不能打擾我。

二、目的狀語從句

引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞常用有so that“以便……”/in order that“為了……”/in case“以免、萬一，為了避免”等。句中往往會用一些相關(guān)的情態(tài)動詞來加以說明。如：

1.so that/in order that

so that/in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，如果從句的主語與主句主語一致，則可以分別與so as to和in order to轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

We will tell you everything about it soon so that（in order that）you can prepare for that.

不久我們將會讓你知道詳情，以便你能夠做準(zhǔn)備。

I'll have to run fast so that/in order that I can catch up with them in a short time.

=I'll have to run fast so as to/in order to catch up with them in a short time.

我得快跑以便我能在短時間內(nèi)趕上他們。

2.in case

in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句作“以免，以備，以防”等解。如：

He takes a torch in case it gets dark before he returns.

他帶了手電筒，以備天黑以后回家之用。

Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.

請你明天再提醒我一下，免得我忘記。

三、原因狀語從句

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞常用有because，since，as，now that。另外還有in that，seeing that。

1.because，since，as

because表示原因語氣最強，用法最為廣泛，可以用于強調(diào)句型，可以放在主句之前或之后；as在表示原因時，語氣較強，所引導(dǎo)的從句常放在主句之前，意思是“由于”，把眾人所知的事實當(dāng)作理由；since語氣較弱，它所引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在主句之前，意為“既然”，就對方陳述的事實作為理由。如：

The Italian boy was regarded as a hero because he gave his life for his country.

那個意大利男孩為祖國獻(xiàn)出了生命，因此被尊為英雄。

It is because she helped you that I'm prepared to help him.

是因為她曾幫助過你，我才準(zhǔn)備幫他的。（強調(diào)句型中用because，不用since，as等）

As there was no answer，I decided to write again.因為沒有回信，我決定再寫一封。

Since everybody knows about it，I don't want to talk any more.

既然大家都知道了這件事，我就不想再說了。

2.now that

now that“既然、由于”，用來說明一種新情況，然后加以推論，與主句的因果關(guān)系較小，有時也可以省略that，只用now。如：

Now that you've got a chance，you might as well as make full use of it.既然你有了這樣一個機會，還是充分利用這個機會好了。

3.in that/seeing that

都表示 “由于，因為;既然”。一般that不可以引導(dǎo)介詞賓語，但是in that看作是固定用法；seeing that實際上是現(xiàn)在分詞，但由于that是連詞便可以連接句子，從而引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。如：We are lucky in that only the lower fields，which make up a very small part of our farm，are affected by flooding。

我們的運氣好，因為只有占我們農(nóng)場極少部分的較低的田地受到洪水的影響。

Seeing that most of us agree to carry out the plan immediately，we had no trouble persuading him.由于大多數(shù)都同意立刻執(zhí)行這個計劃，所以我們沒費力便說服了他。

注意：for亦可以表示“因為”，語氣較弱，表示推斷的理由。for實際上是并列連詞，不可以置于句首。如：

The oil must be out，for the light was out.想必是沒油了，因為燈滅了。（推斷的理由，風(fēng)等也可以導(dǎo)致燈滅）

四、結(jié)果狀語從句

結(jié)果狀語從句用so/such...that...引導(dǎo)，表示“如此…以致；結(jié)果”，其中的so是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，such是形容詞，修飾名詞，其中so/such所在部分為主句，that后面部分為結(jié)果狀語從句。常用句型有：

1.so+adj./adv....that/so+adj.+a（an）+n，如：

so修飾的形容詞作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，作定語的形容詞應(yīng)置于冠詞a（an）之前。

It was so cold that we did not want to go out．

It was so cold a day that we did not want to go out．

天太冷了，我們都不想出去。

2.such+a（an）+adj.+n...+that

such后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)帶有形容詞作定語時，不定冠詞要置于形容詞前，可以與so+adj+a（an）+n轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

She told us such an interesting story（=so interesting a story）that we all forgot about the time.她給我們講的那個故事那么有趣，結(jié)果大家都忘記了時間。

He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.

他非常誠實，因而受到了老師的表揚。

3.such+adj.+n（pl）/n［U］

如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或者是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，即使前面有形容詞修飾，也要用such。如：

They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.

這些小說非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。

He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.

他進(jìn)步得很快，老師們對他感到很滿意。

4.so many/much/little/few...that...

如果修飾不可數(shù)名詞的形容詞是much/little，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的是many/few，則用so。如：

There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.街上有那么多人觀看大火，以致于消防隊員無法接近大樓。

Can you imagine such little animals can eat so much food？

你能夠想象得出這么小的動物卻吃了那么多的食物嗎？（little此處的意思是“小的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞，不表示數(shù)量，所以按照普通形容詞對待，用“such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。后面的形容詞much修飾不可數(shù)名詞food，所以用so）