霍華治 蘇春永 楊曉光
siRNA沉默Her-2/neu基因?qū)σ认侔〣XPC-3細(xì)胞COX-2表達(dá)及細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為的影響
霍華治蘇春永楊曉光
【摘要】目的觀察siRNA沉默胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞中Her-2/neu基因?qū)OX-2表達(dá)及細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡、侵襲力的影響,探討干擾Her-2/neu抑制BXPC-3生物學(xué)行為的可能機(jī)制,為胰腺癌的臨床治療提供新的思路。方法采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法(RT-QPCR)和Western blot檢測(cè)Her-2/neu、COX-2 mRNA和蛋白在胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞及正常胰腺HPDE6C7細(xì)胞的表達(dá)。設(shè)計(jì)并構(gòu)建Her-2/neu siRNA慢病毒表達(dá)載體轉(zhuǎn)染BXPC-3細(xì)胞,檢測(cè)Her-2/neu基因沉默對(duì)COX-2 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)的影響。CCK-8法檢測(cè)Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)細(xì)胞增殖的影響。流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)Her-2/ neu siRNA對(duì)細(xì)胞凋亡的影響。Transwell小室實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)細(xì)胞侵襲力的影響。結(jié)果Her-2/neu、COX-2 mRNA和蛋白在胰腺癌細(xì)胞中均高表達(dá),而在正常胰腺細(xì)胞株中極少表達(dá),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Her-2/neu基因沉默能顯著抑制COX-2 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá),細(xì)胞增殖、侵襲能力顯著減弱,細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著增加(P<0.05)。結(jié)論胰腺癌細(xì)胞高表達(dá)Her-2/neu、COX-2,Her-2/neu基因沉默能夠顯著抑制細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲能力,并促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡。
【關(guān)鍵詞】胰腺癌;原癌基因表皮生長(zhǎng)因子;環(huán)氧合酶2;基因沉默;增殖;凋亡;侵襲
收稿日期:( 2015-03-19) ( 2015-01-27)
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【中圖分類號(hào)】R 735.9
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】1002-7386(2015)17-2579-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2015.17.005
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the specific effect of silencing of Her-2/neu gene by small interfering RNA(siRNA)on COX-2 expression and the cell biological behaviors of human pancreatic cancer cell line BXPC-3 in order to find an new therapeutic method for pancreatic cancer.Methods The expression levels of Her-2/neu,COX-2 mRNA and proteins were detected by RT-QPCR and Western Blot in human pancreatic cancer cell lines BXPC3 and normal pancreas cell line HPDE6C7.The specific Her-2/neu siRNA was synthesized and transfected into BXPC3 cells by lentivirus,and the expression levels of Her-2/neu and COX-2 were detected.The CCK-8 assay was used to analyze the proliferation of BXPC3 cells.Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis of BXPC3 cells.The cell invasion was evaluated by transwell assay.Results The overexpressions of Her-2/neu,COX-2 mRNA and proteins were observed in human pancreatic cancer cell lines BXPC3.However the expressions of Her-2/neu,COX-2 mRNA and proteins were almost not detected in normal pancreas cell line HPDE6C7,there were significant differences between the two kinds of cells(P<0.05).The Her-2/neu siRNA could remarkedly inhibit the expressions of COX-2 mRNA and proteins.The proliferation and invasiveness of BXPC3 cells in Her-2/ neu siRNA group were decreased obviously.However the apoptosis of BXPC3 cells in Her-2/neu siRNA group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion The overexpressions of Her-2/neu and COX-2 are observed in the human pancreatic cancer cell lines BXPC3,moreover,Her-2/neu gene silence can obviously inhibit proliferative and invasive abilities of the cells,furthermore,which can induce apoptosis of BXPC3 cells.
作者單位: 056001河北省邯鄲市中心醫(yī)院胸外科
Effect of Her-2/neu siRNA on COX-2 expression and biological behavior of human pancreatic cancer BXPC-3 cells
HUO Huazhi,SU Yongchun,YANG Xiaoguang.Department of Thoracic Surgery,Handan Municipal Central Hospital,Hebei,Handan 056001,China
【Key words】pancreatic cancer; proto-oncogene epidermal growth factor; cyclooxygease 2; gene silencing; proliferation; apoptosis; invasion
近年來,胰腺癌的發(fā)病率和病死率逐年升高,是預(yù)后最差的消化道惡性腫瘤之一,該病早期確診困難,易出現(xiàn)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,手術(shù)切除率低,且對(duì)放化療不敏感,術(shù)后5年生存率僅為4.1%,預(yù)后嚴(yán)重不良[1]。因此,從腫瘤過度增殖、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機(jī)制角度尋找有效的阻斷靶點(diǎn)對(duì)于胰腺癌的臨床治療具有重要指導(dǎo)意義。原癌基因表皮生長(zhǎng)因子2(Her-2/neu)是Her-2基因編碼的酪氨酸蛋白激酶,屬于表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體(EGFR)家族。環(huán)氧合酶2(COX-2)是花生四烯酸代謝過程中的限速酶之一,在細(xì)胞有絲分裂、細(xì)胞粘附、疼痛發(fā)生發(fā)展等病生理過程中發(fā)揮重要調(diào)控作用。國(guó)內(nèi)外研究表明,胃癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌等惡性腫瘤組織存在Her-2/neu、COX-2的高表達(dá),與腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展、侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移及血管生成密切相關(guān),可以作為判斷腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移、預(yù)后及藥物治療效果的獨(dú)立標(biāo)記物[2,3]。
1.1主要試劑胰腺癌BXPC-3、PANC、AsPC1細(xì)胞購自上海中科院細(xì)胞庫。兔抗人Her-2/neu、COX-2多克隆抗體購自美國(guó)Santa Cruz公司。Trizol、Real Time-PCR試劑盒購自美國(guó)Promega公司。
1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng):在37℃、5% CO2孵箱中用含10%小牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)BXPC-3細(xì)胞。將對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的細(xì)胞接種于培養(yǎng)皿中,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為1× 105/ml,待細(xì)胞融合至30%~50%,將細(xì)胞分為3組:①空白對(duì)照組;②陰性對(duì)照組:轉(zhuǎn)染NC-GFP-LV;③轉(zhuǎn)染組:轉(zhuǎn)染Her-2/neu siRNA慢病毒載體。
1.2.2 Real Time-PCR(qPCR):采用Real Time-PCR(qPCR)方法檢測(cè)胰腺癌細(xì)胞及正常胰腺細(xì)胞Her-2/ neu、COX-2 mRNA表達(dá)水平,參照說明書操作。Gene Bank網(wǎng)站獲取Her-2/neu、COX-2基因序列,使用Primer Premier5.0設(shè)計(jì)引物,由上海生工生物工程有限公司合成。Trizol提取組織總RNA,將2.0 μg總RNA用于后續(xù)的Real Time-PCR反應(yīng)。PCR擴(kuò)增完畢后,以GAPDH為內(nèi)參照基因,目的基因Her-2/neu、COX-2表達(dá)的相對(duì)定量值(RQ值)用于統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。見表1。
表1 Her-2/neu、COX-2及GAPDH引物序列
1.2.3 Western blot:收集并提取細(xì)胞總蛋白,BCA法定量蛋白后進(jìn)行SDS-聚丙酰胺凝膠電泳,電轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜上,5%脫脂奶粉封閉2 h,特異性一抗4℃孵育過夜,IgG二抗孵育2 h,ECL顯色。采用UVP分析軟件對(duì)目的條帶及內(nèi)參照條帶做灰度值分析。
1.2.4 CCK-8實(shí)驗(yàn): 3組細(xì)胞用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化后接種于96孔板中,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為1×103/孔。分別于24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h加入CCK-8溶液10 μl,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h,在酶標(biāo)儀450 nm處測(cè)定各孔吸光度值,重復(fù)3次,取均值。
1.2.5流式細(xì)胞術(shù):細(xì)胞以4×105/孔接種于6孔板中,不同處理因素處理細(xì)胞,培養(yǎng)48 h,待細(xì)胞融合至約80%時(shí)胰蛋白酶消化收集細(xì)胞,用標(biāo)記熒光素FITC 的Annexin V和PI染色,1 h內(nèi)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡率,按照試劑盒說明書操作。
1.2.6 Transwell小室實(shí)驗(yàn): 3組細(xì)胞用無血清DMEM清洗2次,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為1×109/L。取100 μl接種于不含基質(zhì)膠的transwell小室上層,同時(shí)在下層加入含有20% FBS的DMEM溶液500 μl做為趨化因子,培養(yǎng)48 h后取出小室,用棉簽拭去小室上層細(xì)胞,4%多聚甲醛固定,PBS清洗后用0.1%結(jié)晶紫染色,200倍倒置顯微鏡下觀察并拍照,隨機(jī)選取5個(gè)視野計(jì)數(shù)細(xì)胞數(shù),取均值進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析應(yīng)用SPSS 10.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)量資料以±s表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1胰腺癌細(xì)胞Her-2/neu、COX-2的表達(dá)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞Her-2/neu、COX-2 mRNA的表達(dá)與正常胰腺HPDE6C7細(xì)胞表達(dá)比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞Her-2/neu、COX-2蛋白的表達(dá),與正常胰腺HPDE6C7細(xì)胞的表達(dá)比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Her-2/neu、COX-2 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)量明顯高于正常胰腺HPDE6C7細(xì)胞。見表2、3。
表2 Her-2/neu、COX-2在BXPC-3、HPDE6C7細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)比較±s
表2 Her-2/neu、COX-2在BXPC-3、HPDE6C7細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)比較±s
注:與HPDE6C7細(xì)胞比較,*P<0.05
蛋白HPDE6C7細(xì)胞類別Her-2/neu mRNA 蛋白COX-2 mRNA 0.15±0.02 0.12±0.02 0.11±0.01 0.09±0.01 BXPC-3細(xì)胞 2.56±0.41*2.24±0.35*2.29±0.32* 2.03±0.31*
2.2 Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞Her-2/ neu表達(dá)的影響RT-QPCR和western blot結(jié)果顯示,Her-2/neu siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染BXPC-3細(xì)胞后Her-2/neu mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)量顯著降低,與空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。靶向Her-2/neu的siRNA在BXPC-3細(xì)胞表達(dá)后可以顯著抑制Her-2/neu表達(dá)。見表4。
表3 Her-2/neu、COX-2在PANC、AsPC1、HPDE6C7細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)比較±s
表3 Her-2/neu、COX-2在PANC、AsPC1、HPDE6C7細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)比較±s
注:與HPDE6C7細(xì)胞比較,*P<0.05
類別Her-2/neu mRNA 蛋白COX-2 mRNA 蛋白HPDE6C7細(xì)胞0.15±0.02 0.12±0.02 0.11±0.01 0.09±0.01 PANC細(xì)胞 2.39±0.38*2.16±0.32*2.31±0.33* 2.10±0.34*AsPC1細(xì)胞 2.27±0.35*2.05±0.31*2.42±0.36* 2.19±0.36*
表4 3組Her-2/neu mRNA和蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)水平 ±s
表4 3組Her-2/neu mRNA和蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)水平 ±s
注:與轉(zhuǎn)染組比較,*P<0.05
組別Her-2/neu mRNA 蛋白陰性對(duì)照組 2.52±0.42* 2.27±0.31*空白對(duì)照組 2.58±0.43* 2.30±0.35*轉(zhuǎn)染組0.44±0.07 0.38±0.06
2.3 Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞COX-2表達(dá)的影響RT-QPCR和western blot結(jié)果顯示,Her-2/neu siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h,COX-2 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)均顯著降低,與空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表5。
表5 3組Her-2/neu mRNA和蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)水平 ±s
表5 3組Her-2/neu mRNA和蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)水平 ±s
注:與轉(zhuǎn)染組比較,*P<0.05
組別COX-2 mRNA 蛋白陰性對(duì)照組 2.34±0.35* 2.20±0.33*空白對(duì)照組 2.28±0.33* 2.17±0.34*轉(zhuǎn)染組0.33±0.06 0.21±0.03
2.4 Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響CCK-8實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,Her-2/neu siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h,BXPC-3細(xì)胞增殖能力顯著降低,且呈時(shí)間依賴性,與空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表6。
表6 Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響±s
表6 Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響±s
注:與轉(zhuǎn)染組比較,*P<0.05
組別A450 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h陰性對(duì)照組 0.37±0.06 0.49±0.07* 0.68±0.10* 0.87±0.14*空白對(duì)照組 0.39±0.07 0.51±0.09* 0.67±0.11* 0.89±0.15*轉(zhuǎn)染組0.34±0.05 0.39±0.06 0.51±0.08 0.62±0.09
2.5 Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞凋亡的影響流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,Her-2/neu siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h,BXPC-3細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著增加,且呈時(shí)間依賴性,與空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表7。
表7 Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞凋亡的影響%,±s
表7 Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞凋亡的影響%,±s
注:與轉(zhuǎn)染組比較,*P<0.05
組別凋亡率24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h陰性對(duì)照組 2.12±0.35 2.83±0.42* 3.12±0.52* 3.19±0.53*空白對(duì)照組 2.15±0.34 2.81±0.45* 3.20±0.53* 3.31±0.55*轉(zhuǎn)染組2.11±0.29 4.26±0.64 6.38±0.96 9.11±1.35
2.6 Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞侵襲力的影響Transwell小室實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,Her-2/neu siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h,穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)顯著降低,且呈時(shí)間依賴性,與空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表8。
表8 Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞侵襲力的影響
原癌基因Her-2/neu是具有酪氨酸激酶活性的跨膜糖蛋白,在正常成人組織極少表達(dá),參與調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞分裂、生長(zhǎng)及分化。而在體內(nèi)外致癌因素刺激下Her-2/ neu基因發(fā)生結(jié)構(gòu)突變,或以基因擴(kuò)增的方式導(dǎo)致Her-2/neu蛋白過表達(dá),進(jìn)而影響上皮細(xì)胞鈣黏蛋白(E-eadherin)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)、血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(VEGF)等多個(gè)靶基因的表達(dá),導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞生物學(xué)特性的改變,促使細(xì)胞異常增殖、侵潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移,并造成腫瘤細(xì)胞的耐藥性[4]。研究顯示,Her-2/neu在乳腺癌、胃癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌、骨肉瘤等多種惡性腫瘤組織高表達(dá),其過表達(dá)預(yù)示著腫瘤惡性程度高、轉(zhuǎn)移能力強(qiáng)、患者預(yù)后不良[5,6]。以Her-2/neu基因?yàn)榘悬c(diǎn)的靶向治療已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于乳腺癌和胃癌的臨床治療中,具有抑制腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移的治療效果。我們前期研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),胰腺癌組織Her-2/neu異常高表達(dá),且其表達(dá)與胰腺癌臨床分期、組織分級(jí)、腫瘤浸潤(rùn)轉(zhuǎn)移及一年生存率密切相關(guān)[7]。但是有關(guān)Her-2/neu在疾病發(fā)生發(fā)展中的生物學(xué)功能和具體的分子調(diào)控機(jī)制國(guó)內(nèi)報(bào)道尚少。因此,檢測(cè)胰腺癌細(xì)胞Her-2/neu表達(dá)水平對(duì)于了解疾病進(jìn)展、制定治療方案及預(yù)后評(píng)估具有重要指導(dǎo)作用。
COX-2是一種誘導(dǎo)型酶,在正常組織極少表達(dá),而在胃癌、乳腺癌、結(jié)腸癌、卵巢癌、喉癌等惡性腫瘤組織
高表達(dá),預(yù)示患者預(yù)后不良、生存期短。研究顯示,生長(zhǎng)因子、炎性因子、缺氧及致癌物質(zhì)等因素刺激細(xì)胞大量表達(dá)COX-2,具有誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞惡變、促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞過度增殖、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移、抑制細(xì)胞凋亡等作用[3]。而非甾體抗炎藥具有抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖并誘導(dǎo)其凋亡的作用,這主要是與它能夠有效抑制COX-2有關(guān),提示COX-2有可能成為治療胰腺癌的潛在靶點(diǎn)。但由于長(zhǎng)期服用非甾體抗炎藥容易產(chǎn)生心血管不良反應(yīng),加之存在一些非COX-2依賴性不良反應(yīng)因此當(dāng)前迫切需要研究抑制COX-2的新措施。
Her-2/neu、COX-2在卵巢上皮性癌、涎腺腺樣囊性癌等惡性腫瘤組織異常高表達(dá),且二者表達(dá)呈正相關(guān),提示Her-2/neu、COX-2相互促進(jìn)、相互調(diào)節(jié),共同參與惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展。本實(shí)驗(yàn)選取胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞為研究對(duì)象,采用RNA干擾技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)靶向Her-2/neu基因的siRNA,該方法具有特異性、高效、可穩(wěn)定遺傳的優(yōu)點(diǎn),能夠特異性沉默BXPC-3細(xì)胞中Her-2/neu基因表達(dá)。結(jié)果表明,BXPC-3細(xì)胞中Her-2/neu、COX-2均高表達(dá),將Her-2/neu siRNA導(dǎo)入BXPC-3細(xì)胞后能夠在mRNA和蛋白水平成功抑制Her-2/neu、COX-2的表達(dá)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們分別采用CCK-8實(shí)驗(yàn)、流式細(xì)胞術(shù)、Transwell小室實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)Her-2/neu siRNA對(duì)BXPC-3細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為的影響。結(jié)果顯示,Her-2/neu表達(dá)被抑制后,細(xì)胞增殖及侵襲力顯著下降,細(xì)胞凋亡顯著增加,提示Her-2/neu siRNA通過抑制其下游靶基因COX-2的表達(dá)從而影響B(tài)XPC-3細(xì)胞的增殖和侵襲能力。Wang等[8]研究顯示Her-2/neu通過與COX-2基因啟動(dòng)子結(jié)合促進(jìn)COX-2的轉(zhuǎn)錄和表達(dá),與本研究結(jié)果一致。COX-2能夠上調(diào)凋亡抑制因子bcl-2、血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(VEGF)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)的表達(dá),這可能是Her-2/neu上調(diào)COX-2表達(dá)最終導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞異常增殖、浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)制之一[9,10]。
綜上所述,本研究通過構(gòu)建靶向Her-2/neu基因的siRNA成功造成胰腺癌BXPC-3細(xì)胞中Her-2/neu基因沉默,并顯著下調(diào)了COX-2的表達(dá)水平,證明胰腺癌細(xì)胞中Her-2/neu、COX-2表達(dá)具有相關(guān)性,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致。此外,Her-2/neu基因沉默后細(xì)胞增殖及侵襲力顯著下降,細(xì)胞凋亡顯著增加,說明Her-2/neu有可能成為胰腺癌基因治療的潛在靶點(diǎn),并為RNA干擾技術(shù)應(yīng)用于胰腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移的治療提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
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