摘要：恐怖活動(dòng)是人類(lèi)社會(huì)一大公害，嚴(yán)重威脅著人類(lèi)社會(huì)的和平與安全。隨著國(guó)際安全形勢(shì)的發(fā)展變化，恐怖活動(dòng)正呈現(xiàn)出“組織國(guó)際化、結(jié)構(gòu)分散化、目的政治化、威脅多元化、手段專業(yè)化”等新的特點(diǎn)。如何有效防范、遏制、打擊和鏟除恐怖活動(dòng)，已成為國(guó)際社會(huì)和各個(gè)國(guó)家共同面臨的緊迫課題。我們來(lái)探討一下，恐怖活動(dòng)的主要方式及特點(diǎn)。

Terrorist activities，which severely threaten the peace and safety of our human society，are recognized as one of the greatest public hazards.With the development and change of the international security situation，terrorist activities seem to be more and more obvious day by day，followed by some emerged characteristics such as globalized organization，scattered structure，political purpose，diversified threat，fiendish action，and professional tactics.Therefore，how to prevent，restrain，strike and eradicate terrorist activities is becoming an urgent issue that the international societies and countries all over the world are faced with.Well，lets discuss the main means，features and development tendencies of terrorist actions.

關(guān)鍵詞：反恐Anti-terrorism;恐怖活動(dòng)方式The Main Means of Terrorism;恐怖活動(dòng)特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)Features and Development tendencies of Terrorist Actions

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：D92文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A文章編號(hào)：1671-864X（2015）09-0086-01

當(dāng)前，恐怖主義因其影響之大、波及之廣、危害之嚴(yán)重，已由一般意義上的非傳統(tǒng)威脅上升為“國(guó)際公害”;二反恐斗爭(zhēng)則因其任務(wù)之艱巨、斗爭(zhēng)之復(fù)雜、合作之廣泛，正成為世紀(jì)之初國(guó)際形勢(shì)中最值得關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)之一?？v觀國(guó)際反恐斗爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)，恐怖活動(dòng)主要有一下方式及特點(diǎn)：

Given the magnitude of its impact and resultant damage，and the scale of the affected areas，terrorism is no longer an unconventional threat in an ordinary sense.It has become an international scourge.As the fight against terrorism is so difficult and complicated and calls for extensive international cooperation，it has become a focal point of the international situation at the turn of the century.Looking back at the international counter-terrorism campaign，we find the following main means，features and development tendencies of terrorist actions：

一、恐怖活動(dòng)的主要方式

Main means of terrorist actions

恐怖活動(dòng)主要有以下四種表現(xiàn)方式：一是爆炸，這是國(guó)際恐怖主義活動(dòng)采取最多的方式，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，從60年代至今，恐怖性爆炸約占整個(gè)恐怖事件的67%。

There are four major means：The first is to explode.It is the most common means taken by international terrorism.According to statistics，from 1960s，terrorist explosions account for 67% of whole terrorist incidents.

二是武裝襲擊。以2008年統(tǒng)計(jì)為例，全球共發(fā)生武裝襲擊200余起，約占整個(gè)恐怖事件的19%;

The second is the armed attack.According to statistics in 2008，more than 200 armed attacks happened in the world.

三是劫持人質(zhì)。2008年，全球共發(fā)生恐怖性劫持人質(zhì)事件58起，約占恐怖事件總數(shù)的6%。

The Third is the hostage-kidnapping.In 2008，58 hostage-kidnapping incidents occurred，which accounts for 6% of the total terrorist actions.

四是“費(fèi)太因”式恐怖襲擊，即以小股多路、相互協(xié)同的方式，使用輕便武器向單個(gè)或多個(gè)目標(biāo)同時(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)武裝襲擊，直至戰(zhàn)死。

The fourth is the “suicide” terrorist attack，by the means of being divided into small groups，attacking from multiple directions and coordination，taking light and portable weapons to attack single or multiple targets till death.

二、恐怖活動(dòng)的主要特點(diǎn)

Main features of terrorist actions

作為一種特定的犯罪，恐怖活動(dòng)在行動(dòng)、目標(biāo)、手段和效應(yīng)上，都具有不同于其他犯罪形式的特殊性。主要有以下四個(gè)基本特征：

As a special crime，terrorist action has its particular features that differ from others.It has the four following features.

一是明確的目的性。

恐怖主義是恐怖組織及其成員奉行的思想理論，屬于意識(shí)形態(tài)范疇。恐怖活動(dòng)的最終目的不在于其所威脅、襲擊目標(biāo)的本身，而是要挾政府、社會(huì)或特定對(duì)象，滿足其政治要求、社會(huì)目標(biāo)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)其主張。

Firstly，definite purposes.

Terrorism is the theory that terrorist organizations and individuals hold to/ pursue; it belongs to the ideological category.The ultimate aim is to coerce the government，society and some objects to meet their political requisition，social demands，or fulfill their proposition，but not really to threaten，attack targets.

二是手段的殘暴性。

暴力是恐怖主義的本質(zhì)內(nèi)涵，也是國(guó)際社會(huì)界定恐怖主義概念的共同點(diǎn)之一，暴力手段必然帶來(lái)殘忍后果，在恐怖分子看來(lái)，手段越殘暴，恐怖效果就越佳，越是能造成災(zāi)難性損失的暴力手段，被恐怖分子采用的可能性就越大。

Secondly，cruel and ferocious means.

Violence is the innate character of terrorism.It is also the common ground of international societies definition.Its cruel and ferocious means are bound to result in ruthless consequence.In their view，the crueler the means are，the better will be consequence.The more hazardous violent means is，the more possibility they will make use of it.

三是深遠(yuǎn)的影響性。

恐怖活動(dòng)通過(guò)使用暴力、威脅或其他破壞活動(dòng)制造恐慌效應(yīng)，這種恐慌效應(yīng)，不單是目標(biāo)本身，而是讓公眾產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的恐懼，進(jìn)而引起社會(huì)反應(yīng)，影響國(guó)家的政策。

Thirdly，deep Influence.

They make chaos by violence，menace，and other actions，this kind of chaos aims at not only target itself，but putting the mass into long time fear，and then bring about the public reactions to influence the policy of a country.

四是組織的嚴(yán)密性。

恐怖主義往往打著民族、宗教的旗號(hào)，蠱惑、麻醉、控制不明真相的群眾，從情報(bào)搜集、資金籌措、武器購(gòu)置、人員培訓(xùn)、目標(biāo)選擇到行動(dòng)實(shí)施、庇護(hù)隱匿、保障出逃等一活動(dòng)，往往都有嚴(yán)密計(jì)劃、細(xì)致分工和統(tǒng)一的組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

Fourthly，strict organization.

Holding up the flag of nation and religion，terrorists confuse and control the mass，their series of activities，such as collecting information，sheltering，hiding，escaping，etc，are strictly planned and under centralized command.

參考文獻(xiàn)：

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[2]周影韶、吳建業(yè)：《實(shí)用公安英語(yǔ)》，北京：群眾出版社2002。

[3]Peoples Armed Police Force to Be in Charge of the Security during the Shanghai Expo.Available at：http：www.W010shanghaiworld/expo.org/archive/3307（June，2012）