沈軍海

Abstract： Plato confused on idea and relationship of the soul， the lack of the philosophical thinking clearly， comb through analysis and comparison， the author thinks that the source of Plato in the idea on the theory of talent， and through the memory to find the idea. And Husserl tries to make the essence of the reduction process of law idea of the freedom to structure， this method can be said to be on Platos idea of how to produce scientific answer.

Key words： Idea； Soul； The essence of reduction； Imagine

一、the spirit of soul is the home of the idea

Plato believed that knowledge can be divided into two worlds： the visible world and intelligible world. But visible perceptual world cannot obtain the truth， but only for advice； intelligible world is the world of ideas about the idea of knowledge is the knowledge of truth. We first need to ask is， the mind of the idea come from？ Plato， in the form of religious mysticism set the soul and the body can be divided into can be from two of the world： a world are people the idea of heaven， which is across the world， idea of soul in the world “it to follow god， then ignore what we now called exist， only hold in real existence”， [1] so it already has all the idea knowledge； Another is the soul and body in combination with the people of the world， the soul attached to the body after， interference and pollution by the body， forget everything. So， only through proper training， the soul to recall ever seen things， and therefore all “all study， study is only memories” [2].of course， not all of the soul can easily recall them， where in or by the evil had only caught a glimpse of， it is difficult to do this， maintained the ability to recall only a few people. If remove the religious mystery， the idea of living in the soul in the world is idea， idea is a product of thinking itself； Can the kinetic energy of the soul， the soul is the mind itself， it seems “thinking and existence of the same” is clearly put forward has is only a matter of time.

There are four soul ability or functions. First， guessing， its object is the image， from the picture or the shadow of bias or prejudice； Second， to believe in， its object is a specific thing， produce is perceptual unreliable； Third， deducing， its object is a mathematical idea， on the premise of self-evident hypothesis， by logical deducing and reach the conclusion， although the process is correct， but after all， a butch assumptions as the premise， so rise less than the first principle is the concept of good； Four， reasoning， and its object is the ethical good， it is not to assume that as the beginning of knowledge， and to assume that as the springboard， aims to achieve a field is not on the premise that any hypothesis， that is， the first principle. After reaching the first principle， rational， in turn， based on the principle according to grasp what is extended from it to the end. The biggest characteristic of it is not with the help of any sensible things， starting from the idea， from idea to idea， finally ended down to idea， more accurate than reasoning more truly get the truthful understanding， finally grasp to the good ideas. Special attention should be paid to four kinds of ability is not the four links of knowledge acquisition， because cant get knowledge from the perceptual， must pass “intrinsically” or “recall” the soul of the some concept and the relationship between ideas， this is a divine soul free work.

The author believed that Platos theory of soul in the foundation position in its philosophy system. Although the idea of theory of aftertime， the most striking， but in terms of its philosophy itself， idea must have the soul to give support， have no souls， the legality of the idea that there is no foundation， idea of soul. But to get the idea of knowledge must be soul inward， not by any external thing in the world as the starting point of philosophy， the knowledge is not based on any hypothesis premise. For the soul as a thinking he is “cogito”， is the soul as a result thinking or is an object with its own soul is the “myself”， this is the first principle of the first philosophy. But idea is just by religious mystery type setting in the soul， has no legitimacy， is in essence put forward a question of how to get the idea of science， the essence of reduction is trying to make the idea of legally produced.

二、“the essence of reduction” is the “idea” of the scientific method

Reduction is the essence of the essence of intuitive， also called the essence of the change of freedom. We see how Husserl with imagine for essence. First of all， the essence is the system configuration of “pure imagination”， the essence of something that is not a specific， but “pure thought” system， this system has its own boundaries， or closed， therefore configurations. Intuitive can intuitive specific content， a nature can also be intuitive. But an essential must use intuitive imagination， produced by the imagination of “free” changes to a “class” system has its limits. Second， to imagine a like for like， before then get constantly change is similar to the original like images， all imagine images similar to the original like concrete. In this kind of change in the free， any imagination of image are subjective experience of “random” in style. Must after randomly change the configuration of the image has a constant “often” in it， otherwise it is not possible in imagination like after like before the experience image as， as a kind of image. “For any change in the process， the change of the difference for us， it doesnt matter， can say is that there is a variable consistency， there is a something or content in this consistency will remain the same general nature always survived.” [3] The essence of the universal is inevitable， often in free change is Platos “idea”. Again， Husserl thinks change to experience as a starting point or with pure imagination plays a role as the starting point is the same， can be intuitive to the essence or the idea. His “voice”， for example， whether in real hear the sound of the voice as the starting point is to imagine as a starting point， has been in the changing nature of the random variables： sound， it is a common thing in the world is as necessary to grasp the. If a voice as a starting point， to think in another voice phenomenon is random variables as a starting point， so in this new case to grasp the essence is not another sound， in the essence of the new and previous voice throughout， see the same essence， or whether the essence of variables here and there are individualized. Sound is the nature of a pure imaginary system configuration， the freedom of the imagination can construct all possible voice. The voice of the real is the possibility of the system， the possibility of voluntary imagination.

References：

1、[1] and [2] （ancient Greece） Plato Fiji many Wang Tai Qing translation [M] The commercial press in July 2010

2、[3] [M] the Husserl phenomenology psychology Ni Liang Kang Yi Shanghai in October 1996

Shen Jun Hai （1979 -）， male， He nan political teacher of computer college， 09 graduated from an hui normal university department of philosophy