建筑設(shè)計(jì)：吉列爾莫·埃維亞·加西亞，尼古拉斯·烏爾蘇亞·索萊爾

阿利安薩·弗朗西斯·讓·梅爾莫茲學(xué)校，庫里科，智利

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：吉列爾莫·埃維亞·加西亞，尼古拉斯·烏爾蘇亞·索萊爾

為了提升校園設(shè)施水平，同時(shí)獲得煥然一新的面貌，阿利安薩·弗朗西斯·讓·梅爾莫茲校園項(xiàng)目分為兩個(gè)部分進(jìn)行：現(xiàn)有空間的重塑和新增功能的建構(gòu)。

現(xiàn)有學(xué)校當(dāng)中，一組雙坡建筑圍合出幾個(gè)庭院空間。這些庭院與具有宜人高度和深遠(yuǎn)屋檐的建筑共同構(gòu)成了該校園的核心特征。

該項(xiàng)目將從關(guān)注不同要素的3個(gè)尺度層面介入改造。

設(shè)計(jì)的首要目標(biāo)是通過4個(gè)庭院建立起學(xué)校的空間秩序，它們成為空間構(gòu)成的4個(gè)基本要素且各異其趣。根據(jù)庭院使用者及其活動(dòng)，4個(gè)空間氛圍完全不同的場(chǎng)所由此浮現(xiàn)：里層的兒童游戲場(chǎng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地，第二層的公共交流空間，以及外層的開放公園。

其次是希望對(duì)原有教室本身進(jìn)行改善。更新從兩方面入手：一是采用連續(xù)金屬穿孔板設(shè)計(jì)新的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)（設(shè)計(jì)靈感來源于法式裝飾主題）；二是在屋頂上嵌入天窗，射入的自然光使得教室的空間、色彩、光線得到改善，同時(shí)賦予學(xué)校獨(dú)具識(shí)別性的外觀。

最后的層面則關(guān)注人體尺度與近身感受。教室門均飾以色彩鮮艷的系統(tǒng)圖示，令人進(jìn)入前即可輕易識(shí)別；窗外增加的連續(xù)格柵，在提升私密感的同時(shí)，又保證了室內(nèi)的光線和良好景觀；地板重新上色，使得室內(nèi)空間更易區(qū)分而加倍溫暖。

新建部分則致力于為孩子提供實(shí)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)活動(dòng)和游戲的場(chǎng)所?？焖傺b配的橋狀主梁朝向游戲庭院敞開，這一結(jié)構(gòu)也勾勒出鮮明的建筑輪廓。

其室內(nèi)空間覆以木材飾面，木材沿建筑長(zhǎng)度伸展形成可坐的長(zhǎng)椅，為孩子們創(chuàng)造了溫暖而新鮮的體驗(yàn)?！酰愜?譯）

1 教室外景/Exterior view, classrooms

2 軸測(cè)圖/Axonometric drawing

3 教室外景/Exterior view, classrooms

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Corporación Educacional Alianza Francesa

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineering: ALPA Ingeniería (Ing. Alfonso Pacheco)

承建方/Construction: Luis Farías

衛(wèi)生項(xiàng)目/Sanitary Project: Luis Farías

電力項(xiàng)目/Electric Project: Luis Farías

結(jié)構(gòu)體系/Structural System: 石材墻，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，木支架/ Masonry walls, steel structure, wood trusses

覆面/Coatings: 亨特道格拉斯CD500SL穿孔板，夾層玻

璃（8mm）/Hunter Douglas CD 500SL perforated panel, Laminated glass (8 mm.)

屋頂飾面/Covers – roofs: 亨特道格拉斯CD500SL板/ Hunter Douglas CD 500SL panel

室內(nèi)裝飾/Interior Finishes: 阿姆斯特朗塑膠地板，白漆石膏板，刨光松木（1''×3''）/Armstrong Rave vinyl floor, plasterboard plates enamel white paint to water, planed pine wood (1"×3")

基地面積/Site Area: 34,800m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 改造/Remodelation: 1450m2，新建/ New Pavilion: 210m2

預(yù)算/Budget: 改造/Remodelation: 290 USD/m2，新建/ New Pavilion: 590 USD/m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2011

建造時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2012 – 2014

工期/Time of Construction:75 days

攝影/Photos: Nicolás Saieh

4 教室外景/Exterior view, classrooms

5 教室改造軸測(cè)圖示/Axonometric diagram, classroom renovation

The project is comprised of two parts: the remodeling of an existing school and the construction of new addition, with the objectives of modernizing its infrastructure and giving it a new face.

The existing school features a set of courtyards surrounded by double-pitched pavilions, which, together with their appropriate height and deepoverhang eaves, constitute the main characteristic of the school.

The renovation project is conceived on 3 kinds of scales based upon different elements.

The first aims at giving the school a spatial order through the fundamental element – the 4 courtyards, projecting them as 4 concurrent episodes of spatial narrative. According to the users and their activities, there will be 4 different places, each with its own atmosphere: children's playground and sports field of the inner zone, public communication space of the second zone and an open park of the outer zone.

The second scale has to do with the pavilions themselves. The renovation is conceived from two aspects: the first is a new retaining structure articulated with continuous perforated metal (inspired by French designs), and the second is the insertion of skylights, through which natural light comes in to ameliorate interior lighting and enliven space and color while endowing the school a distinctively identifiable appearance.

Finally, the renovation is concerned with human scale and one's proximity experience. All classroom doors are systematically decorated with readily recognizable, bright-colored graphic signs; the windows are protected by continuous grilles that improve privacy without losing luminosity or views; floors are painted all over again to better differentiate various interior spaces while generating warm feelings.

The new addition aims to provide children with an indoor playground. It features a fastassembled, bridge-like main beam opening towards the courtyard playground, which also delineates the building’s outlines.

Its interior has wood facings, which extend along the wall to form a bench – a warm and fresh experience for children. □

6 教室平面/Plan, classrooms

7 教室局部軸測(cè)圖/Axonometric drawing, classroom

8 教室外景/Exterior view, classrooms

9 教室立面/Elevation, classrooms

10 教室剖面/Section, classrooms

11 庭院/Patios

12 新建部分軸測(cè)圖示/Axonometric diagram, new construction

評(píng)論

李曉鴻：乍一看，具有強(qiáng)烈識(shí)別性的天窗的介入，是這個(gè)改造項(xiàng)目最亮眼之處；再細(xì)讀建筑師所繪的平立面、新天窗與老屋架間關(guān)系的構(gòu)造詳圖，其改造與更新的脈絡(luò)似乎越發(fā)清晰了——在解決了作為學(xué)校的基本功能后，建筑師想給予這個(gè)社區(qū)的，是“一個(gè)新生兒”，這個(gè)新生兒延續(xù)了老建筑的血脈、在空間骨骼上與之有機(jī)結(jié)合，而其新材料、新形式所體現(xiàn)出的時(shí)代特征，為這一地區(qū)貢獻(xiàn)了“活潑的生命感”。王舒展：這個(gè)改造項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)思路在外部空間結(jié)構(gòu)、建筑更新、室內(nèi)更新3個(gè)層次上展開，非常清晰。外在形象真實(shí)反映了結(jié)構(gòu)的基本邏輯，簡(jiǎn)練干凈的幾何形式與建造方式內(nèi)外一致；對(duì)建筑語言的取舍恰到好處，沒有堆砌冗余之感。這所學(xué)校在建筑的精確中獲得了明快的氣質(zhì)。

學(xué)校周圍的城市環(huán)境、場(chǎng)所的原始?xì)赓|(zhì)、改造資金的來源，都未從資料中獲得線索。只有獲得這些信息，我們才能真正感知，現(xiàn)代主義形式語言進(jìn)行的現(xiàn)代化更新，是否真的與當(dāng)?shù)氐纳罱⒘擞H緣關(guān)系。這也是我對(duì)這個(gè)建筑的最大的好奇。

13. 14 新建部分外景/Exterior views, new construction

Comments

LI Xiaohong: At first glance, the introduction of highly identifiable skylights is the most impressive feature of the renovation work. Upon careful reading of plan and elevation drawings as well as details showing the relationship between new skylights and old roof trusses, the threads of renovation become increasingly clear: once the school's basic functions have been fulfilled, what the architects wanted for the community was "a newborn child". This newborn child inherited the old house's blood, forming an organic connection with its spatial framework, while the eracharacterized new forms and materials contributed to the area's "vibrant sense of life".

WANG Shuzhan: The idea of this renovation project is very clear, unfolding on three levels: exterior spatial layout, architectural regeneration, and interior renovation. The basic structural logic is reflected truthfully in the simple and clean geometry of external forms, which generates a consistent exterior-interior relationship. The architects aptly chose an architectural language spared of vulgarity and redundancy, which, together with architectonic precision, endowed the school with a lucid, lively quality.

Besides, no clues could be gathered from documents regarding the urban setting and original style of the place, the sources of funds, or the architects' experience during the renovation process. Only when such information becomes available can we truly understand whether such renovation, based on Modernist formal language, has established a genuinely kindred relationship with local life. This is also my greatest curiosity about this work.

Alianza Francesa Jean Mermoz School and Pavilion, Curicó, Chile, 2014

Architects: Guillermo Hevia García, Nicolás Urzúa Soler

15 新建部分內(nèi)景/Interior view, new construction