張貴寧深圳市眼科醫(yī)院藥劑科,廣東深圳 518040
曲伏前列素聯(lián)合卡替洛爾對原發(fā)性閉角型青光眼患者術后高眼壓的降壓效果分析
張貴寧
深圳市眼科醫(yī)院藥劑科,廣東深圳 518040
目的 研究曲伏前列素聯(lián)合卡替洛爾對原發(fā)性閉角型青光眼(PAGG)患者術后高眼壓的降壓效果。方法 選擇2012年4月~2013年4月在我院接受治療的PACG患者64例(64只眼)作為研究對象。根據(jù)隨機數(shù)字表法隨機分成曲伏前列素組及卡替洛爾組兩組,曲伏前列素組使用0.004%的曲伏前列素實施治療,卡替洛爾組使用2%的卡替洛爾實施治療,對比兩組治療前后的眼壓變化情況,兩組治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率,兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率。 結果 兩組治療后的眼壓值均分別顯著低于各組治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。但兩組治療前后的組間眼壓值相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。曲伏前列素組治療前后眼壓差值與治療后眼壓下降的百分率均顯著大于卡替洛爾組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。根據(jù)Spearman法分析相關性可知,治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率與前房角開放程度均無明顯相關性。 結論 曲伏前列素與卡替洛爾均可用于降低PACG患者術后的高眼壓,但曲伏前列素的藥效更佳,值得在臨床上推廣應用。
曲伏前列素;卡替洛爾;原發(fā)性;閉角型青光眼;術后高眼壓;降眼壓作用
目前,使用激光周邊虹膜切除手術或小梁切除術等方案治療原發(fā)性閉角型青光眼(primary angleclosure glaucoma,PACG)在臨床上已廣泛應用,且療效較好。但由于接受手術的部分患者術后可能有眼壓升高的癥狀,形成殘余型青光眼。需要接受藥物再治療,從而使患者的眼壓維持在正常范圍[1]。臨床上,有諸多報道涉及使用前列腺素類藥物對PACG的術后治療情況[2],但關于曲伏前列素與卡替洛爾的療效對比研究較少,本研究對此展開分析,以期尋找療效更佳的藥物。
1.1一般資料
選擇2012年4月~2013年4月在我院接受治療的PACG患者64例(64只眼)作為研究對象。男25例,女39例。年齡49~80歲,平均(64.3±2.5)歲。視力為0.12~1.2,平均(0.65±0.35)。納入標準[3]:(1)手術后未經藥物治療或者經過藥物的洗脫期后患者眼壓>21mm Hg,同時≤35mm Hg者;(2)患者視力≥0.1者;(3)經裂隙燈檢查顯示角膜正常;(4)年齡≥40歲者。排除標準[4]:(1)PACG瞳孔阻滯未得到解除者;(2)激光周邊虹膜切除手術后經前房角鏡診斷顯示患者未粘連前房角依舊狹窄,暗室超聲活體顯微鏡顯示有前房角的接觸性關閉亦或是暗室試驗呈陽性者;(3)有葡萄膜炎等其他類眼內病癥者;(4)接受其他類內眼手術者;(5)含眼外傷病史者;(6)對研究藥物發(fā)生過敏者;(7)嚴重的心血管系統(tǒng)等病癥。根據(jù)隨機數(shù)字表法隨機分成曲伏前列素組及卡替洛爾組兩組,每組各含32例(32只眼)。其中曲伏前列素組中含男13例,女19例。年齡49~76歲,平均(63.8±2.4)歲。視力為0.12~1.1,平均(0.63±0.21)。左眼18例,右眼14例。接受激光周邊虹膜切除手術者16例,小梁切除術者16例??ㄌ媛鍫柦M中含男12例,女20例。年齡50~80歲,平均(63.9±2.2)歲。視力為0.13~1.2,平均(0.64±0.25)。左眼15例,右眼17例。接受激光周邊虹膜切除手術者18例,小梁切除術者14例。兩組患者在性別、年齡、視力、患眼位置及手術類型等方面相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。具有可比性。
1.2研究方法
1.2.1前房角鏡檢查 依次對患者的上、下、鼻、顳等四個象限實施靜態(tài)觀察,選擇Scheie分級法進行,將患者前房角分成寬角(W)及窄Ⅰ~Ⅳ級(N1~N4級)。而后根據(jù)動態(tài)檢查技術,將可見鞏膜突作為前房角是否開放的有關標準,對各方向的前房角開放情況及開放范圍進行記錄。
1.2.2藥物治療 曲伏前列素組使用0.004%的曲伏前列素實施治療,1滴/次,1次/d,晚間用藥??ㄌ媛鍫柦M使用2%的卡替洛爾實施治療,1滴/次,2次/d。分別在治療前以及治療1周后使用Goldmann眼壓計測定患者的眼壓,進行記錄對比。
1.3觀察指標
對比兩組治療前后的眼壓變化情況,兩組治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率,兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率。
1.4統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析,計量資料以()表示,采用t檢驗,采用Spearman法分析相關性,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1兩組治療前后的眼壓變化情況比較
兩組治療后的眼壓值均分別顯著低于各組治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。但兩組治療前后的組間眼壓值相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
表1 兩組治療前后的眼壓變化情況比較
表1 兩組治療前后的眼壓變化情況比較
組別 n 治療前 治療后 t P曲伏前列素組 32 24.68±3.09 18.59±2.72 8.369 0.000卡替洛爾組 32 23.58±1.61 19.54±1.56 10.194 0.000 t 1.786 1.714 P 0.079 0.092
2.2兩組治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率比較
曲伏前列素組的治療前后眼壓差值與治療后眼壓下降的百分率均顯著大于卡替洛爾組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
表2 兩組治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率比較
表2 兩組治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率比較
治療后眼壓下降的百分率(%)曲伏前列素組 32 6.09±2.53 24.46±8.97卡替洛爾組 32 4.01±1.63 16.82±6.37 t 3.910 3.928 P 0.000 0.000組別 n 治療前后眼壓差值
表3 兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率比較
2.3兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率比較
兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。見表3。根據(jù)Spearman法分析相關性可知,治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率與前房角開放程度均無明顯相關性(r=0.146,0.273,0.112,0.184;P=0.063,0.182,0.143,0.058)。
臨床上,PACG患者一經確診,則需盡快給予手術治療,但手術后依然有部分患者會出現(xiàn)眼壓上升的癥狀,給予此類患者藥物治療十分必要。關于前列腺素類藥物治療PACG手術后高眼壓的報道,臨床上較為多見[5]。但對于曲伏前列素以及卡替洛爾的對比治療研究,則鮮有報道,本研究即通過對這兩種藥物在PACG術后高眼壓的治療效果進行對比分析,旨在選擇更具療效的臨床治療方案。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),兩組治療后的眼壓值均分別顯著低于各組治療前,但兩組治療前后的組間眼壓值相比,差異均不顯著。提示使用曲伏前列素或卡替洛爾治療PACG術后高眼壓,均可較好地降低眼壓值,但單純比較眼壓值,無法區(qū)分二者間更具優(yōu)勢者。進一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),曲伏前列素組治療前后眼壓差值與治療后眼壓下降的百分率均顯著大于對照組,這表明治療前后利用眼壓差值以及治療后眼壓下降的百分率,則可較好地判斷曲伏前列素或卡替洛爾的療效,本研究結果顯示曲伏前列素的降眼壓效果較卡替洛爾更佳,符合國外Yao等[6]的報道結果。究其原因,本研究認為這可能是因為曲伏前列素作為選擇性的前列腺素FP型受體激動劑,在滴眼后,分子結構內α-與ω-碳鏈戊烯環(huán)能夠協(xié)助其穿透患者的角膜,進而被酶分解成自由酸形式,使睫狀肌及小梁網細胞內FP受體被激活,促進了基質金屬蛋白酶的合成,此外,分解了睫狀肌細胞外有關基質成分,增加其肌間隙,減少葡萄膜與鞏膜有關房水外流主要途徑的阻力,最終獲得降壓效果[7-9]。同時,曲伏前列素還可對小梁網細胞產生作用,增大患者壓力敏感途徑性房水流出,從而發(fā)揮降壓效果。
本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),兩組程度各異的前房角開放者治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率差異均不顯著。且根據(jù)Spearman法分析相關性可知,治療前后眼壓差值及治療后眼壓下降的百分率與前房角開放程度均無明顯相關性。表明前房角開放的程度對患者應用曲伏前列素或卡替洛爾治療的療效并無影響,滿足國外Hong等[10-11]的報道結果,該報道指出,對實施手術治療后的PACG患者,依照前房角的關閉程度,依次分成0~4個鐘點,4~8個鐘點,以及8~12個鐘點進行關閉,在接受前列素眼液治療后,患者眼壓下降的百分率及眼壓下降10%者的比例均無明顯差異。原因可能在于手術后曲伏前列素作用在患者殘余前房角開放處,而此區(qū)域只要獲得一定程度的開放,即不會影響藥效發(fā)揮[12]。亦或是藥物經前房角以外處區(qū)域產生作用。但由于本研究樣本量較少,這值得進一步大樣本容量的深入研究。
綜上所述,曲伏前列素與卡替洛爾均可用于降低PACG患者術后的高眼壓,但曲伏前列素的藥效更佳,值得在臨床上推廣應用。
[1] 張順華,趙家良,劉小力,等.0.004%曲伏前列腺素滴眼液和2%毛果蕓香堿滴眼液聯(lián)合應用對正常兔降眼壓效果的評價[J].中華實驗眼科雜志,2012,30(9):774-778.
[2] Shin J,Jeon H,Byon IS,et al.Goniosynechialysis for secondary angle closure glaucoma in a pseudophakic patient after vitrectomy and silicone oil injection [J].Int J Ophthalmol,2014,7(5):914-916.
[3] Yan Y,Wu L,Wang X,et al.Appositional angle closure in Chinese with primary angle closure and primary angle closure glaucoma after laser peripheral iridotomy[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2014,16(1):426-427.
[4] Akal A,Kucuk A,Yalcin F,et al.Do we really need to panic in all acute vision loss in ICU?Acute angle-closure glaucoma[J].J Pak Med Assoc,2014,64(8):960-962.
[5] Prata Ts,Kanadani F,Sim?es R,et al.Angle-closure Glaucoma: treatment[J].Rev Assoc Med Bras,2014,60(4):295-297.
[6] Yao BQ,Pang YY,Li YX,et al.Effect of 0.004% travoprost and 2% carteolol on intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension after laser peripheral iridotomy or trabeculectomy in primary angle-closure glaucoma[J]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi,2013,49(4):340-344.
[7] 姚寶群,龐玉英,李祎馨,等.0.004%曲伏前列素與2%卡替洛爾對原發(fā)性閉角型青光眼術后高眼壓的降眼壓作用[J].中華眼科雜志,2013,49(4):340-344.
[8] Wu LL,Huang P,Gao YX,et al.A 12-week, doublemasked, parallel-group study of the safety and efficacy of travoprost 0.004% compared with pilocarpine 1% in Chinese patients with primary angle-closure and primary angleclosure glaucoma [J].J Glaucoma,2011,20(6):388-391.
[9] Brown RH,Zhong L,Whitman AL,et al.Reduced intraocular pressure after cataract surgery in patients with narrow angles and chronic angle-closure glaucoma[J].J Cataract Refract Surg,2014,40(10):1610-1614.
[10] Hong J,Yang Y,Wei A,et al.Schlemm's canal expands after trabeculectomy in patients with primary angleclosure glaucoma[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2014,55(9):5637-5642.
[11] 朱研,杜立芳,邢怡橋,等.曲伏前列素治療超聲乳化術后的殘余慢性閉角型青光眼[J].中國眼耳鼻喉科雜志,2010,10(4):227-228.
[12] Rajjoub LZ,Chadha N,Belyea DA,et al.Intermittent acute angle closure glaucoma and chronic angle closure following topiramate use with plateau iris configuration[J]. Clin Ophthalmol,2014,17(8):1351-1354.
Antihypertensive effect analysis of travoprost combined carteolol in the treatment of high intraocular pressure of primary angle closure glaucoma postoperative
ZHANG Guining
Pharmacy Department,Shenzhen Ophthalmic Hospital,Shenzhen 518040,China
Objective To investigate antihypertensive effect analysis of travoprost combined carteolol in the treatment of high intraocular pressure of primary angle closure glaucoma patients after operation. Methods 64 patients(64 eyes)with PACG from April 2012 to April 2013 to accept the treatment in our hospital as the research object.According to the figures were randomly divided into a travoprost group and a carteolol group,the travoprost group was used 0.004% travoprost for treatment,the carteolol group was used 2% carteolol for treatment,intraocular pressure changes before and after treatment,percentage between the two groups before and after treatment and after treatment of intraocular pressure difference of intraocular pressure drop,the percentage of two groups of varying degrees of anterior chamber angle open patients before and after intraocular pressure difference after treatment and intraocular pressure drop were compared. Results Intraocular pressure after the treatment in the two groups was significantly lower than the values of each group before treatment, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).But the two groups before and after treatment between the groups compared with intraocular pressure value,the differences were not statistically significant(P> 0.05).The percentage of travoprost group before and after treatment, intraocular pressure difference and intraocular pressure decreased after treatment were significantly higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P< 0.05).The percentage difference between the two groups with different levels of anterior chamber angle open patients before and after intraocular pressure difference and intraocular pressure decreased after treatment had no statistical significance(P>0.05).According to correlation analysis showed that Spearman method,the percentage of anterior chamber intraocular pressure difference before and after treatment and after treatment and the degree of opening of the intraocular pressure decreased angle had no obvious correlation. Conclusion Travoprost and carteolol can be used to reduce the high intraocular pressure in patients with PACG after operation, but the travoprost effect is better,and it is worthy of clinical application.
Travoprost;Carteolol;Primary;Angle closure glaucoma;High intraocular pressure after surgery;Intraocular pressure lowering effect
R775.2
B
2095-0616(2015)11-54-04
廣東省深圳市醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生科研項目(201302082)。
(2015-03-03)