California& George’sdiary12th-14th June Reading教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)與反思
李娟
本課教學(xué)內(nèi)容為人教版選修8第一單元閱讀課文California和George’sdiary 12th-14th June,文章以時(shí)間為線索,從歷史的角度說明了加州多元文化形成的原因。George’sdiary12th-14th June通過旅游者George的旅游日記,介紹了舊金山較為著名的旅游景點(diǎn),以及與其相關(guān)的歷史典故和史實(shí)??傮w來講,兩篇文章分別從不同角度介紹了加州,文章篇幅較長(zhǎng),但脈絡(luò)清晰,語言簡(jiǎn)練,信息量豐富,對(duì)于學(xué)生了解美國(guó)加州的文化與生活有很大的促進(jìn)作用。所以,教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的初衷是把兩篇閱讀文章進(jìn)行內(nèi)容上的整合與銜接,通過任務(wù)型教學(xué)法及對(duì)比性閱讀的方法,重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練學(xué)生在閱讀篇章中的快速信息定位能力和批判性思維能力。
新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在高二學(xué)生的英語語言技能與運(yùn)用方面提出了以下要求:把握文章主題,了解文章發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)與細(xì)節(jié);分析語言片段(段落、句型、對(duì)話),對(duì)人物的思想狀態(tài)進(jìn)行分析;在語境中猜測(cè)詞義,并在語境中學(xué)會(huì)使用詞匯;對(duì)文章進(jìn)行推論并找出論據(jù);進(jìn)行對(duì)比性閱讀,對(duì)比分析兩篇文章的主題、結(jié)構(gòu)及寫作手法,利用信息完成任務(wù)。
基于上述分析,筆者對(duì)教材的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了整合,本節(jié)課的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)思路從學(xué)習(xí)資源運(yùn)用、閱讀能力訓(xùn)練和批判性思維的培養(yǎng)三個(gè)層面入手:
(一)學(xué)習(xí)資源運(yùn)用層面
以閱讀文章的內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ),處理文章Califor原nia時(shí)以時(shí)間為線索貫穿始終,將相關(guān)歷史信息進(jìn)行提煉并理解,讓學(xué)生對(duì)多元文化的發(fā)展有個(gè)縱向的掌握;George’sdiary12th-14th June依然以時(shí)間為線索,但其中滲透了不同的旅游景點(diǎn),所以以三天的旅行為依托,通過電子地圖展示旅行線路及相關(guān)景點(diǎn)。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在小組成員的幫助下,利用手提電腦和Internet學(xué)會(huì)如何尋找有用的信息,并利用信息完成指定的任務(wù),促進(jìn)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)與合作學(xué)習(xí)方式的培養(yǎng)。
(二)閱讀能力培養(yǎng)層面
在處理文章內(nèi)容時(shí),通過不同閱讀任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì),滲透略讀與找讀策略,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生在有限時(shí)間內(nèi)信息定位的能力,并對(duì)所給信息進(jìn)行甄別鑒定,充分利用從文章中獲得的信息,合作完成指定的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。
(三)批判性思維的培養(yǎng)層面
通過文章對(duì)加州的介紹,使學(xué)生了解西方國(guó)家和地區(qū)的歷史、地理及多元文化,對(duì)比中國(guó)的某個(gè)城市,對(duì)兩者的優(yōu)勢(shì)與不足進(jìn)行客觀的評(píng)價(jià),表明自己的選擇傾向性,并提供充分的論據(jù)。
(一)知識(shí)目標(biāo)
1.理解文章的大意、結(jié)構(gòu)及文章發(fā)展的主要脈絡(luò);
2.了解介紹歷史和地點(diǎn)的相關(guān)詞匯,并學(xué)會(huì)在新的語境中進(jìn)行運(yùn)用。
(二)能力目標(biāo)
1.利用電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)補(bǔ)充文章信息,學(xué)會(huì)不同學(xué)習(xí)資源的正確運(yùn)用,促進(jìn)自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的培養(yǎng);
2.通過略讀與找讀訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生快速定位信息的能力,并對(duì)所得信息進(jìn)行正確處理。
(三)情感態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)
1.以小組方式完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù),充分利用不同學(xué)生之間的信息差,做到相互合作,共同進(jìn)步;
2.通過了解西方國(guó)家或城市的歷史及現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)比中國(guó)的文化及生活方式,突出批判性思維能力的培養(yǎng)。
PartI Pre-reading
Step 1 Warming-up
1. Personal introduction. Free talk.
2. Guessing game:
Watch the video clip and tell:
Where do they come from? How do you know?
3. Introduce the topic today
—We are going to know a land of diversity in class.
Guess the name of the country and state with the given pictures. Then brainstorm.
—What are we going to talk about today? California.
—How much do you know about California?
—What else do you want to know?
4. Look through the titles of the 2 passages and predict the contents.
[Purpose]Lead into the topic by free talk and an interesting guessing game. Check how much they already know about California. Meanwhile know their expectations in terms of California.
PartII W hile-reading
Step 2 Skimming practice
Skim the 2 passages and match:
Passage 1a travel journal about trip
in San Francisco
of California
Thinking:How do you make the match?(writing styles)
In what order is the passage organized?
[Purpose]Pay attention to the different structures of 2 passages. Catch the main idea and get to know different writing styles by skimming the reading materials.
Step 3 Scanning practice with mind-map
1. Read passage 1 fast and find the answer.
Why is California the most multi-cultural state of the USA?
Look through the rest of the passage and find out:How many historical stages are mentioned?
2. Divide them into 4 groups. Each group read their paragraphs to finish the mind map of history according to time order.
Group 1:para. 3
Group 2:para. 4,5
Group 3:para. 6,7,8
Group 4:para. 9,10
[Purpose]Draw an outline of the passage with the help of mind map.Upon finishing this activity,the students will have a general picture of the whole passage. Students read different parts of the passage,which will save the reading time and more importantly cause an information gap among groups. This makes it necessary for different groups to exchange ideas and share the information they get.
Step 4 Group discussion
What has attracted so many people to California
in the past hundreds of years?
(Vast land,gold,working chances,fishing,winemaking,farming,shipping industry,climate,lifestyle,education,places of interest,...)
[Purpose]Brainstorm the reasons why people came to California,leading to the second passage about places of interest. By listing the reasons,students will feel the differences in history,direction of development,life style and education system between the USA and China.
Step 5 Fast-reading practice
1. Read passage 2 quickly and find the places George has visited.
2. Read the map of San Francisco and find the route of traveling.
Day 1:
Day 2:
Day 3:
3. Get familiar with the places,watch the short video about more interesting things in San Francisco.
[Purpose]Passage 2 will be used as extensive reading for students to practice reading skills and prepare to finish the learning task in the next step.
Step 6 Surfing the Internet(optional)
According to the website teacher offers,work in groups to surf the Internet for information they are interested in about San Francisco. Take notes and share with the other groups.
[Purpose]In this step,students will learn to use the Internet as an effective learning resource to promote self-learning.
Part芋Post-reading task
Step 7 Voice your opinion
1. Comparing writing styles of the two passages in the following 4 aspects:
Topic:
Language:
Structure:
Writing style:
2. Making a choice:
Considering the 4 aspects above,which passage do you like better?
3. Activity:Design a guessing game.
According to the passage we have learned and your life experience, prepare a short paragraph to describe a period of Xi’an history or a famous place of interest of Xi’an. The other will guess and each winner gets a prize.
4. Evaluation and summary.
Make comments on their performance and summarize.
[Purpose]Students will combine the information they learn from the passage with their life experience and design an interesting guessing game in this step. Through this activity,their critical thinking and oral English will be trained.
Step 8:Assignment
1. Write down your description about history or place of interest and share with others.
2. Surf the Internet for more information about California and Chinese cities with the websites offered.
在“第十二屆全國(guó)中學(xué)骨干英語教師新課程教學(xué)高級(jí)研修班”活動(dòng)中,筆者作為山東省的英語教師代表,執(zhí)教了一節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)較為新穎的閱讀課。通過與業(yè)界專家面對(duì)面的交流,學(xué)習(xí)到很多信息化教學(xué)的新理念,收獲頗豐。本節(jié)課對(duì)教材的整合和使用進(jìn)行了大膽的嘗試,在一節(jié)閱讀課中設(shè)計(jì)了兩篇閱讀課文的學(xué)習(xí),重點(diǎn)突出對(duì)比性閱讀的方法,通過靈活多樣的閱讀活動(dòng),訓(xùn)練學(xué)生在有限時(shí)間內(nèi)快速定位信息的能力以及批判性思維的能力。
在專家黃自成老師的指導(dǎo)下,整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行過兩次大的修改:第一次的修改體現(xiàn)在對(duì)文章Cali原fornia的處理上,由原先的分段閱讀設(shè)計(jì)問題,改為
提供一個(gè)完整體現(xiàn)文章脈絡(luò)的mind-map時(shí)間樹,設(shè)計(jì)分小組完成閱讀任務(wù),學(xué)生之間形成信息差之后,通過共享所閱讀的重要信息完成任務(wù)。第二次重要的修改體現(xiàn)在post-reading的活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)上,本來是利用文章所得到的關(guān)于加州的信息,結(jié)合西安的歷史文化和景點(diǎn),要求學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論,比較兩個(gè)地方的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),選擇出他們?cè)敢饩幼〉某鞘胁⒄f明原因。但根據(jù)黃老師的建議,改為了著重突出批判性思維能力的培養(yǎng),所以加上了對(duì)兩篇文章的文體進(jìn)行分析的環(huán)節(jié),同時(shí)結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí),設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)猜謎環(huán)節(jié),要求每個(gè)小組介紹一個(gè)西安的歷史時(shí)期或著名景點(diǎn),請(qǐng)其他小組來猜。
實(shí)際上課過程中,學(xué)生表現(xiàn)非?;钴S,這在平常的閱讀課中是不多見的,他們對(duì)所進(jìn)行的閱讀活動(dòng)積極參與,其思考問題的深度與回答問題的角度也充分體現(xiàn)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力,新穎的任務(wù)內(nèi)容為學(xué)生所接受,個(gè)別環(huán)節(jié)的小競(jìng)賽大大激發(fā)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。
由于這是學(xué)生學(xué)過的內(nèi)容,且考慮到閱讀任務(wù)的真實(shí)性問題,因此,筆者加入了較多閱讀環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì),壓縮了真實(shí)閱讀的時(shí)間。所以,從課堂的實(shí)效性角度看,可以適當(dāng)刪掉課前導(dǎo)入環(huán)節(jié)的video。
作者信息:250000,山東濟(jì)南,山東濟(jì)南外國(guó)語學(xué)校
lisalijuan@qq.com