□ 文/本刊記者 李靜 圖/丹麥駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館提供

守爾慈主持修建重慶第一條鐵路的丹麥人

□ 文/本刊記者 李靜 圖/丹麥駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館提供

而這個(gè)人，是重慶第一條鐵路的設(shè)計(jì)者，被譽(yù)為“重慶詹天佑”，他的名字叫守爾慈，是地地道道的丹麥人，被譽(yù)為“在重慶的第一位丹麥人”。

守爾慈和北川鐵路改變了重慶

說(shuō)起重慶的第一條鐵路，不少人的第一反應(yīng)是成渝鐵路。其實(shí)，成渝鐵路只是新中國(guó)成立后建成的第一條鐵路。1934年建成通車(chē)的北川鐵路，才是重慶歷史上第一條鐵路。更讓人想不到的是：主持修建北川鐵路的工程師，竟是來(lái)自遙遠(yuǎn)的北歐丹麥。

1928年，中國(guó)航運(yùn)業(yè)先驅(qū)盧作孚要修建一條鐵路來(lái)運(yùn)輸天府煤礦的煤炭。當(dāng)時(shí)重慶沒(méi)有鐵路，單靠中國(guó)工程師也無(wú)法完成精確的勘查、設(shè)計(jì)。最終，盧作孚在上海找到了原膠濟(jì)鐵路總工程師守爾慈，當(dāng)年已63歲高齡的他帶著日本妻子一起來(lái)到了重慶，親自出任北川鐵路總工程師。

守爾慈在渝事跡展

這條鐵路全長(zhǎng)16.5公里，起點(diǎn)站位于四川天府煤礦，終點(diǎn)站位于重慶嘉陵江邊的白廟子水碼頭。據(jù)了解，北川鐵路分為三期建設(shè)，按照建成一段通車(chē)一段的原則進(jìn)行施工。項(xiàng)目于1928年11月破土動(dòng)工，到1929年，北川鐵路一期工程水嵐埡至土地埡段8.7公里的鐵路建成，并購(gòu)置了兩臺(tái)26千瓦蒸汽機(jī)車(chē)，11月正式通車(chē)營(yíng)運(yùn)。

1930年秋，開(kāi)工二期工程，鐵路向兩頭延伸修建，到1931年5月，修成從白廟子碼頭至大田坎的北川鐵路，后來(lái)施工方又分別購(gòu)置81千瓦和55千瓦蒸汽機(jī)車(chē)各一臺(tái)，全線貫通并投入營(yíng)運(yùn)。

1933年6月，第三期工程開(kāi)工，著手修建重力絞車(chē)下煤軌道等配套設(shè)施，購(gòu)置55千瓦蒸汽機(jī)車(chē)一臺(tái)及自動(dòng)卸煤車(chē)20輛。到1934年3月31日，整個(gè)北川鐵路工程完工。工程總投資75萬(wàn)元，形成了完整的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)，日運(yùn)煤量可達(dá)千余噸。在抗戰(zhàn)期間，這條鐵路供應(yīng)了重慶近一半的用煤量。

“川渝兩地多山地，這條鐵路修建的難度較大?！北R作孚的后人盧曉鐘先生說(shuō)，最令人震撼的是，由于缺少機(jī)械設(shè)備，開(kāi)山辟石全靠人工，當(dāng)時(shí)筑路工就有近千人。雖然困難程度令人難以想象，最終在各方的努力下，戴家溝至大田坎全長(zhǎng)4.1公里段建成通車(chē)。自此，南起嘉陵江北岸的白廟子，北止大田坎，全長(zhǎng)16.8公里的北川鐵路實(shí)現(xiàn)了全線通車(chē)，重慶有了第一條鐵路。除了運(yùn)煤，線路也供沿線居民乘坐。

傳承重慶和丹麥的世紀(jì)友誼

北川鐵路建成后，守爾慈還參與了北碚老城區(qū)的規(guī)劃工作，以及對(duì)北碚農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)模式的布局和古代四川都江堰灌溉系統(tǒng)的科學(xué)測(cè)量等。完成這些艱苦的工作后，守爾慈最終全家定居在了四川。

NT-proBNP與BNP同屬于鈉尿肽家族，是心肌細(xì)胞受牽拉后心室反應(yīng)性分泌的一種神經(jīng)激素。兩者均來(lái)自腦利鈉肽前體，釋放入血后具有拮抗腎素-醛固酮-血管緊張素系統(tǒng)、利尿利鈉、調(diào)節(jié)體內(nèi)電解質(zhì)酸堿平衡及抑制交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)等多種生物學(xué)作用[8-9]。此外，有研究[10-11]提示NT-proBNP較BNP性質(zhì)更加穩(wěn)定，具有半衰期長(zhǎng)、特異性強(qiáng)、敏感性高、不受運(yùn)動(dòng)和體位影響等特點(diǎn)，在心力衰竭的診斷、鑒別診斷和預(yù)后分析等方面具有更顯著的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

1943年，為了躲避日軍空襲，78歲的守爾慈坐上了前往豐都的輪船。航行途中，因心臟病發(fā)作，守爾慈在豐都去世。但令人扼腕的是，事后人們雖然找到了當(dāng)時(shí)由豐都地方醫(yī)院院長(zhǎng)開(kāi)具的死亡證明，但至今仍無(wú)法確定守爾慈具體的埋葬地點(diǎn)。

回顧歷史，我們不得不對(duì)這位為重慶發(fā)展作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的丹麥人肅然起敬。此次事跡展，用多幅圖片和傳記來(lái)展示守爾慈在重慶的生活，許多照片都是首次向公眾展出。他們真實(shí)地再現(xiàn)了上世紀(jì)30年代的重慶，以及守爾慈在重慶的生活點(diǎn)滴。所有展品均由丹麥Hejls-Hejsminde歷史檔案館以及民生實(shí)業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司提供。

開(kāi)幕儀式當(dāng)天，守爾慈的曾表侄Jens Schott Knudsen以及民生實(shí)業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司總裁、盧作孚先生的后人盧曉鐘也來(lái)到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，共同分享了他們的故事。而守爾慈的孫女，Ingrid Sundy Wang女士也特地從菲律賓馬尼拉來(lái)到重慶參加此次活動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中丹跨三代后的再次握手。

兩個(gè)國(guó)家，一座城市。盧作孚先生和守爾慈先生的合作，為重慶的建設(shè)以及丹麥重慶兩地的交流合作做出了卓越的貢獻(xiàn)，也見(jiàn)證了重慶和丹麥的世紀(jì)友誼。

On November 1， 2015， in Baixiang Street，Yuzhong district， on the occasion of 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relationship of Sino-Denmark and 10 years anniversary of the establishment of the Danish Consulate General in Chongqing， the “Exhibition of Shultz Story in Chongqing" was held for free in public for a month in Chongqing. The Picturesbiography presents a story of a foreign engineer who used to work and live in Chongqing.

And this man， who happens to be the designer of the first railway in Chongqing， known as the“Zhan Tianyou of Chongqing "， his name is Jesper J. Shultz， who is also known as "the f rst Danish in Chongqing".

Shultz and Beichuan Railway that Change Chongqing

Speak of the first railway in Chongqing， the Chengdu-Chongqing railway came up to many people's mind.In fact， it was the first railway that was built after the founding of new China. In 1934 the Beichuan railway was the first railway in Chongqing's history. What's more surprising，the engineer who built Beichuan railway was from Denmark.

In 1928， the pioneer of Chinese shipping industry，Mr. Lu Zuofu was going to build a railway to transport Tianfu coal mines. There was no railway in Chongqing then， not by the Chinese engineers. Eventually， Lu Zuofu had found the Chief Engineer of original Jiaoji railway in Shanghai， who was 63 years old； he came to Chongqing with his Japanese wife， and personally served as the chief engineer of Beichuan railway.

The railway was 16.5-kilometre long， starting at Tianfu coal mine in Sichuan Province； the Terminal is located in Baimiaozi pier of the Jialing River in Chongqing. It is understood that Beichuan railway was divided into three stages project， it was built according to the principle of opening one by one. The project started in November， 1928， and the f rst stage project， the 8.7-km railway from Shuilanya to Tudiya was done， with the purchase of two 26-kilowatt steam locomotive， had off cially startedoperation in November， 1929.

In fall of 1930， the second phase of the project had started.In June of 1933， the third phase of the project started， focused on building gravity winch of coal tracks and other facilities， purchase of 55-kilowatt steam locomotives and 20 automatic unloading trucks. On March 31， 1934， the whole Beichuan railway project was accomplished. It cost a total investment of 750，000 Yuan， which had formed a complete transport system with thousands tons of daily coal transport capacity. During the war，this railway had supplied nearly half of the amount of coal used in Chongqing.

"Sichuan and Chongqing are very mountainous， the railway construction was more difficult than we thought.” said by Lu Zuofu's posterity， Mr. Lu Xiaozhong， the most shocking thing was that due to the lack of machinery and equipments， mountains was all by hands， there were thousands of people building the road. Difficulties were unimaginable. Besides carrying coalmines， the f rst railway in Chongqing was also provided ride for residents.

lnheritance of Century Friendship Between Chongqing and Denmark

After Beichuan railway was completed， Jesper J. Shultz also participated in the planning work of Beibei District， as well as the layout of rural urbanization of Beibei and scientif c measurements of the ancient Dujiangyan irrigation system. After completing the hard work， Shultz and his family eventually settled in Sichuan.

In 1943， in order to avoid Japanese air raids，the 78 year old Shultz got on the ship to Fengdu. Unfortunately he died from a heart attack on his way to Fengdu. But it is lamentable that after people found the death certif cate issued by the director of local hospital in Fengdu County， they still couldn't conf rm the burial site

In retrospect， we have to respect this Danish friend who had made such a great contribution for the development of Chongqing. The Exhibition showed Shultz's life in Chongqing by these picture and biography， many of which are showing to the public for the first time. They truly reproduced Chongqing back in the 30's of the last century， and his life in Chongqing. All exhibits were provided by Denmark Hejls-Hejsminde historical archives， as well as Minsheng shipping company.

On the day of the opening ceremony， Shultz's great great grand nephew， Mr.Jens Schott Knudsen and the President of Minsheng industry group， Lu zuofu's descendant， Mr. Lu Xiaozhong also showed up at the ceremony， and shared their stories. Shultz's granddaughter， Mrs. Ingrid Sundy Wang also came to Chongqing from Manila， Philippines to attend this event， which has realized the dream of shaking hands across three generations again.

Two countries， one city. The cooperation between Mr. Lu Zuofu and Mr. Shultz has made outstanding contributions to Chongqing's construction， exchanges and cooperation between the two places， which has also witnessed the century friendship between Chongqing and Denmark.

Jesper J. Shultz A Danish Man Who Presides Over the Construction of the First Railway in Chongqing

□ Written by Li Jing