祁 軍,張萍萍,林智明,魏秋靜,古潔若
(中山大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科,廣東 廣州 510630)
強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎HLA-B27亞型及其首發(fā)臨床表現(xiàn)特征
祁 軍,張萍萍,林智明,魏秋靜,古潔若
(中山大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科,廣東 廣州 510630)
目的 探討強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)HLA-B27亞型及其首發(fā)臨床特征。方法 476例AS患者,測定其HLA-B27基因型。比較不同HLA-B27亞型AS患者首發(fā)臨床表現(xiàn)的差異。結(jié)果 476例AS患者中,HLA-B27陽性的患者437例。最常見的HLA-B27亞型是HLA-B*2704(90%)和HLA-B*2705(8.6%)。HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705陽性患者中,最常見首發(fā)受累部位是中軸關(guān)節(jié),其次為外周關(guān)節(jié),繼之是中軸關(guān)節(jié)和外周關(guān)節(jié)同時(shí)發(fā)病者。HLA-B*2704與HLA-B*2705亞型AS患者首發(fā)受累部位發(fā)生率比較,首發(fā)受累的部位如中軸關(guān)節(jié)、外周關(guān)節(jié)、髖關(guān)節(jié)、中軸關(guān)節(jié)+外周關(guān)節(jié)、中軸關(guān)節(jié)+髖關(guān)節(jié)和外周關(guān)節(jié)+髖關(guān)節(jié)等差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P> 0.05),但葡萄膜炎發(fā)生率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P= 0.041)。結(jié)論 特定的HLA-B27亞型可能與AS某些特異的臨床表現(xiàn)相關(guān)。HLA-B*2705亞型較HLA-B*2704亞型的AS患者更易發(fā)生葡萄膜炎。
HLA-B27;強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎;首發(fā)癥狀
強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)是慢性炎癥性疾病,主要侵犯骶髂關(guān)節(jié)和脊柱。早在1973年,已發(fā)現(xiàn)HLA-B27與AS存在密切關(guān)聯(lián)[1],迄今已有130種HLA-B27亞型被發(fā)現(xiàn)。常見與AS相關(guān)的亞型包括HLA-B*2702,B*2704和B*2705等,而另外的亞型如HLA-B*2706和HLA-B*2709則被認(rèn)為是對AS發(fā)生有保護(hù)作用[2]。這些不同亞型在不同地域存在分布差異。如HLA-B2705和HLA-B*2702主要見于高加索人種,而HLA-B*2704主要見于中國漢族人種[3]。AS主要受累部位為骶髂關(guān)節(jié)和脊柱,然而,其他部位如葡萄膜,指(趾)、外周關(guān)節(jié)和髖關(guān)節(jié)等也可受累。AS臨床表現(xiàn)與其不同的HLA-B27亞型存在相關(guān)性[4]。有些臨床表現(xiàn)可能隨著時(shí)間延長逐漸表現(xiàn)出來,表現(xiàn)為在特定年齡階段發(fā)病[5],因此認(rèn)識疾病首發(fā)表現(xiàn)可能有助于疾病早期診斷和早期治療。本研究目的在于探討我國不同亞型HLA-B27的AS患者疾病首發(fā)表現(xiàn)。
1.1 一般資料 納入中山大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院門診就診的無親屬關(guān)系的AS患者476例,其中男412例,女64例(性別比6.4∶1),年齡(27.8±8.4)歲,起病年齡(20.6±6.5)歲,脊柱關(guān)節(jié)炎家族史101例(21.2%)。均符合1984年紐約修改的AS分類診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),排除銀屑病皮疹患者。首發(fā)表現(xiàn)中,下腰痛是最常見癥狀440例(92.4%),其次是外周關(guān)節(jié)炎175例(36.8%)和髖關(guān)節(jié)受累124例(26.1%),指(趾)炎16例(3.4%),葡萄膜炎32例(6.7%)。納入健康個(gè)體959例作為對照組,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):無慢性炎癥性下背痛,無脊柱關(guān)節(jié)炎家族史。其中男800例,女159例,年齡(48.5±6.8)歲,性別比5∶1。
1.2 方法 HLA-B27分型基因組DNA利用鹽析法提取,應(yīng)用聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(PCR)擴(kuò)增HLA-B區(qū),擴(kuò)增引物采用Bx1和BINT3,擴(kuò)增區(qū)域涵蓋外顯子2,內(nèi)含子2和外顯子3序列[6]。HLA-B擴(kuò)增條件依據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的設(shè)置[7]。擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物用9孔PCR板純化,并作為模板直接進(jìn)行測序。測序引物采用BEX2F、BEX2R、BEX3F和18CIN3[8]。循環(huán)測序應(yīng)用BigDye Terminator v3.1循環(huán)測序試劑盒。測序反應(yīng)體系配置如下:4 μl Ready Reaction Premix(2.5×),2 μl BigDye測序緩沖液(5×),3.2 μl測序引物(1 μM),10~40 ng測序模板,加滅菌去離子水終體積20 μl。反應(yīng)條件:96 ℃ 預(yù)變性 1 min;96 ℃ 10 sec,50 ℃ 5 sec,60 ℃ 4 min,25個(gè)循環(huán);反應(yīng)完畢,4 ℃維持。測序用毛細(xì)管電泳。用乙醇/EDTA沉淀法去除過量的染料終止劑。用超純甲酰胺重新融化反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物,然后在ABI Prism?3730xl基因測序儀上測序并分析數(shù)據(jù)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 18.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。組間比較采用U 檢驗(yàn)、卡方檢驗(yàn),或Fisher's 確切概率法檢驗(yàn)。P< 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 HLA-B27亞型分布情況 本研究觀察到的HLA-B27亞型包括HLA-B*2702、B*2704,B*2705、B*2706和HLA-B*2715。在AS患者組,其HLA-B27亞型分布與健康對照組HLA-B27亞型分布比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=1104.707,P< 0.001)。HLA-B*2705雖陽性率在AS患者組中比例高于健康對照組,但是差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(8.6% vs 0%,P= 0.13)。HLA-B*2706在AS患者組中沒有檢出,只在健康組中檢出,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(0% vs 7.7%,P= 0.003)。HLA-B27亞型分布見表1。
表1 AS患者和對照組中的HLA-B27亞型分布 [n(%)]
2.2 不同亞型HLA-B27患者首發(fā)癥狀特征 首發(fā)受累部位如中軸關(guān)節(jié)、外周關(guān)節(jié)、髖關(guān)節(jié)、中軸關(guān)節(jié)+外周關(guān)節(jié)、中軸關(guān)節(jié)+髖關(guān)節(jié)、外周關(guān)節(jié)+髖關(guān)節(jié)以及肌腱端炎在HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705陽性的AS患者中無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,但HLA-B*2705陽性的AS患者首發(fā)葡萄膜炎者較HLA-B*2704陽性的AS患者比例高,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P= 0.041)。HLA-B*2702和HLA-B*2715陽性的患者因數(shù)量較少,為避免偏倚,未予統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。不同HLA-B27亞型的AS患者的首發(fā)癥狀特征見表2。
表2 不同HLA-B27亞型的AS患者的首發(fā)癥狀 [n(%)]
* 與HLA-B*2704比較,P< 0.05
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)以葡萄膜炎為首發(fā)表現(xiàn)的在HLA-B*2705陽性患者較HLA-B*2704陽性患者更多見。本研究納入的AS患者和健康對照例數(shù)比目前中國人群中同類研究規(guī)模更大,結(jié)果顯示HLA-B*2704 是AS中主要的HLA-B27亞型,其次是HLA-B*2705,這與之前中國漢族人群中的研究結(jié)果一致[9,10]。HLA-B*2704在正常對照中也有較高的比例,這也與臺灣和新加坡漢族人中的研究結(jié)果一致[11]。在日本人中,HLA-B*2704 也是AS相關(guān)的主要的HLA-B27 亞型[12]。但在韓國人中主要的AS相關(guān)的HLA-B27亞型是HLA-B*2705(92.2%)和 HLA-B*2704(5.8%)[13]。在印度人群中,AS中主要的HLA-B27亞型是HLA-B*2705和 HLA-B*2704,但是這些HLA-B27亞型在不同種姓和部落中也有不同[14~16]。更多研究也表明,不同種族和地理區(qū)域HLA-B27亞型的分布也存在不同[2,17]。
疾病全部臨床表現(xiàn)并不一定在首發(fā)表現(xiàn)中完全呈現(xiàn)。吳震等研究顯示,HLA-B27陽性者與陰性的AS患者首發(fā)中軸起病的,二者沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異[18]。Kim等研究提示首發(fā)中軸關(guān)節(jié)受累的在HLA-B27陽性和陰性者在AS中無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,但首發(fā)髖關(guān)節(jié)受累在HLA-B27陽性者更多見[20]。但這些研究未進(jìn)行HLA-B27的分型研究。本研究中檢測出的三例HLA-B*2706 陽性者都是健康人。Van Gaalen等[19]針對HLA-B*2706到底是否具有對AS具有保護(hù)作用做了一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)回顧和Meta分析,結(jié)果表明,HLA-B*2706對于發(fā)展成AS具有保護(hù)作用。在其他地區(qū)的研究如韓國和印度人群中,其HLA-B*27亞型分布與中國人群存在差異,可能存在人種的差異,這幾項(xiàng)臨床表現(xiàn)在HLA-B*2705和HLA-B*2704之間仍無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。然而,在中國人群更大規(guī)模的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705之間AS雖然在疾病家族史、腰背痛、外周關(guān)節(jié)炎和髖關(guān)節(jié)受累等方面沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,但是HLA-B*2705陽性者有更大機(jī)會患葡萄膜炎,但這項(xiàng)研究并沒有涉及AS首發(fā)臨床表現(xiàn)是否與HLA-B27亞型有關(guān)聯(lián)[4]。
HLA-B27 與急性前葡萄膜炎有關(guān)[20~22]。發(fā)生急性前葡萄膜炎的患者中,HLA-B27的陽性率在不同種族人群中為19%~88%[23]。新西蘭人群中HLA-B27陽性的葡萄膜炎中有41%是AS患者[24]。Accorinti等[25]報(bào)道脊柱關(guān)節(jié)炎患者中57%患者初期表現(xiàn)為葡萄膜炎,HLA-B27相關(guān)的葡萄膜炎與AS存在相關(guān)性。Kim 等[26]也報(bào)道在韓國人群中HLA-B27陽性患者有更多的葡萄膜炎發(fā)生。HLA-B*2705陽性的似乎比HLA-B*2704陽性的對急性前葡萄膜炎更加易感,最開始是Konno 等[27]在日本人群中報(bào)道的,但是這項(xiàng)研究只是在葡萄膜炎患者中進(jìn)行而不是在AS患者中進(jìn)行的。Sampaio-barros等[28]進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究中,27位患有葡萄膜炎的HLA-B27陽性的AS患者,其中有16位是HLA-B*2705陽性。但是,Chavan 等[29]報(bào)道,印度人中葡萄膜炎在HLA-B*2704陽性患者中比HLA-B*2705陽性在患者更常見。Park等[13]報(bào)道在韓國人中葡萄膜炎在HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705陽性的AS中的發(fā)生率無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,但是他們的研究中HLA-B*2704陽性者僅有9例。我們曾報(bào)道的846例AS患者中,HLA-B*2705陽性者比HLA-B*2704者有更高的患葡萄膜炎的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[4]。但有幾個(gè)因素可能影響研究結(jié)果:①研究記錄的僅僅是曾經(jīng)患過葡萄膜炎或研究當(dāng)時(shí)患有葡萄膜炎,隨著時(shí)間延長,可能有更多的患者發(fā)生葡萄膜炎。研究顯示急性葡萄膜炎發(fā)生年齡在33.2±12.1歲[5];②人種和基因背景的不同[30];HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705在不同群體中的相對數(shù)量存在差異,樣本量的差異也可能影響結(jié)果;③環(huán)境因素也可能是葡萄膜炎發(fā)生的原因之一[31]。在AS患者病程中,HLA-B*2705患者較HLA-B*2704陽性AS患者有更高葡萄膜炎患病率[4]。更有意思的是HLA-B27亞型與AS首發(fā)臨床表現(xiàn)的關(guān)系,AS患者起病年齡是(20.6±6.5)歲,遠(yuǎn)低于葡萄膜炎發(fā)生的平均年齡,研究結(jié)果仍然顯示HLA-B*2705陽性患者較HLA-B*2704陽性AS患者更高比例首發(fā)葡萄膜炎,因此葡萄膜炎作為AS的首發(fā)表現(xiàn),有必要引起臨床關(guān)注。
綜上所述,本研究對中國人群中AS患者不同HLA-B27亞型相應(yīng)的首發(fā)臨床表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)HLA-B*2705患者更多首發(fā)葡萄膜炎。HLA-B27亞型與AS首發(fā)受累部位的關(guān)系還需在不同人種和地區(qū)進(jìn)行更多研究來證實(shí)。
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HLA-B27 subtypes of ankylosing spondylitis and their first clinical manifestation
QI Jun,ZHANG Ping-ping,LIN Zhi-ming,WEI Qiujing,GU Jie-ruo
(Department of Rheumatology,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China)
GUJie-ruo
Objective This study aimed to investigate the HLA-B27 subtypes of ankylosing spondylitis(AS)and their initial symptoms.Methods This study included 476 patients with AS.Direct sequencing was used to identify the HLA-B27 genotype.Clinical initial symptoms were compared among patients with various HLA-B27 subtypes.Results Of the 476 AS patients,437(91.8%)were HLA-B27-positive.The most prevalent subtypes were HLA-B*2704(90%)and HLA-B*2705(8.6%).In the HLA-B*2704- and 2705-positive patients,axial joint was the most common first affected site followed by peripheral joint and then the both sites at the same time.However,there was no significant difference in incidence of the first affected sites such as axial joint,peripheral joint,hip joint,axial joint + peripheral joint,axial joint + hip joint and peripheral joint + hip joint between the subtypes(P> 0.05).Compared with HLA-B*2704-positive patients,HLA-B*2705- patients demonstrated a significant increase in the incidence of uveitis(P=0.041).Conclusion Specific HLA-B27 subtypes are positively associated with particular initial symptoms.AS patients with HLA-B*2705 has a higher risk of uveitis than AS patients with HLA-B*2704 does.
Ankylosing spondylitis; HLA-B27;Initial symptoms
中山大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究5010計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(編號:2007023)
古潔若,女,主任醫(yī)師,教授,博士研究生導(dǎo)師。國際脊柱關(guān)節(jié)炎專家委員會委員,中華醫(yī)學(xué)會風(fēng)濕病學(xué)分會副主任委員,中國健康促進(jìn)基金會強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎專家顧問會會長,中國醫(yī)師協(xié)會風(fēng)濕免疫分會常委,中國康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)會骨風(fēng)濕分會常委,廣東省康復(fù)學(xué)會常務(wù)理事和骨風(fēng)濕分會的副主任委員,廣東省健康管理學(xué)會風(fēng)濕免疫與康復(fù)委員會主任委員。國家杰出青年基金獲得者,享受國務(wù)院特殊貢獻(xiàn)津貼。主要研究方向:各種疑難重癥風(fēng)濕病、脊柱關(guān)節(jié)炎和強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎的臨床和基礎(chǔ)研究。
R593.23
A
1672-6170(2015)05-0054-04
2015-07-20;
2015-08-17)