王艷紅,田繼華,蘇曉樂(lè),喬 晞,李榮山
(1.山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)微生物學(xué)與免疫學(xué)教研室, 2.山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,3.山西省人民醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,山西省腎臟病研究所,山西 太原 030001)
中介素對(duì)缺氧/復(fù)氧大鼠腎小管上皮細(xì)胞增殖作用及細(xì)胞周期的影響及其機(jī)制
王艷紅1,田繼華1,蘇曉樂(lè)2,喬 晞2,李榮山3
(1.山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)微生物學(xué)與免疫學(xué)教研室, 2.山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,3.山西省人民醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,山西省腎臟病研究所,山西 太原 030001)
目的 探討中介素(intermedin,IMD)對(duì)大鼠近端腎小管上皮細(xì)胞NRK-52E缺氧/復(fù)氧(H/R)后細(xì)胞增殖、細(xì)胞周期的影響。方法 NRK-52E細(xì)胞隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組,模型組:缺氧/復(fù)氧組(H/R)、H/R+空質(zhì)粒組、H/R+IMD質(zhì)粒組。MTT法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖,比色法檢測(cè)培養(yǎng)基上清LDH含量,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期,Real time-PCR法和Western blot法檢測(cè)cyclin D1、CDK、p57 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá),間接免疫熒光染色檢測(cè)cyclin D1亞細(xì)胞定位。結(jié)果 ①與對(duì)照組相比,H/R組培養(yǎng)基中LDH含量升高了106%,同時(shí)細(xì)胞存活率明顯下降,與H/R組比較,H/R+IMD組培養(yǎng)基中LDH含量下降了33.85%(P<0.01),而細(xì)胞存活率增高(79.15%±1.42%vs61.22%±1.63%,P<0.05),②細(xì)胞周期結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,H/R組細(xì)胞G0/G1期比例增加,S期細(xì)胞比例降低(P<0.05);與H/R組比較,H/R+IMD組G0/G1期細(xì)胞比例明顯降低,而S及G2期細(xì)胞比例增加(P<0.05)。③H/R可增加cyclin D1、CDK4及p57的表達(dá)也增加(與對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05);而IMD可進(jìn)一步上調(diào)cyclin D1、CDK4的表達(dá),同時(shí)下調(diào)p57的表達(dá),與對(duì)照組及H/R組相比差異具有顯著性(P<0.05)。④免疫熒光檢測(cè)結(jié)果可見(jiàn),cyclin D1呈紅色熒光,在NRK-52E細(xì)胞內(nèi)主要表達(dá)在細(xì)胞核中。結(jié)論 IMD可以上調(diào)cyclin D1、CDK4蛋白表達(dá),下調(diào)p57的表達(dá),促進(jìn)細(xì)胞周期進(jìn)展,從而加速腎組織IRI后細(xì)胞增殖和修復(fù)。
中介素;缺氧/復(fù)氧損傷;腎小管上皮細(xì)胞;細(xì)胞增殖;細(xì)胞周期;細(xì)胞周期蛋白
急性腎衰竭(acute renal failure,ARF)在臨床上的發(fā)生率非常高,而腎臟缺血/再灌注損傷(ischemia reperfusion injury,IRI)是其主要原因[1],研究表明,缺血性ARF的預(yù)后不僅取決于損傷的嚴(yán)重程度,而且取決于損傷后腎臟修復(fù)和再生情況,減輕急性期損傷和促進(jìn)腎組織再生的因素均能改善缺血性ARF的預(yù)后[2]。本研究組前期研究證實(shí),中介素(Intermedin,IMD)主要通過(guò)抑制氧化應(yīng)激進(jìn)而明顯減輕腎臟IRI急性期損傷[3]。但其是否可以促進(jìn)腎臟IRI后的腎小管上皮細(xì)胞再生、修復(fù)及細(xì)胞周期的影響目前尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道,本研究利用大鼠腎小管上皮細(xì)胞H/R模型,通過(guò)檢測(cè)IMD對(duì)腎小管上皮細(xì)胞H/R后細(xì)胞增殖、細(xì)胞周期的影響以及對(duì)周期蛋白cyclin的調(diào)節(jié),從而探討IMD促進(jìn)腎臟IRI后細(xì)胞修復(fù)和再生的機(jī)制,為IMD應(yīng)用于腎臟IRI的治療提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1 材料大鼠腎小管上皮細(xì)胞NRK-52E(上海細(xì)胞庫(kù)),穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染PIRES2-EGFP/IMD及PIRES2-EGFP空質(zhì)粒的NRK-52E細(xì)胞(本室制備)[4],細(xì)胞周期檢測(cè)試劑盒( 南京凱基),MTT( 北京索萊寶),LDH檢測(cè)試劑盒( 南京建成),兔抗鼠cyclin D1、CDK、p57、β-actin多抗(美國(guó)Santa),羊抗兔IgG(美國(guó)Santa)。
1.2 細(xì)胞分組NRK-52E分為對(duì)照組及模型組。對(duì)照組細(xì)胞常規(guī)培養(yǎng);模型組分為:缺氧/復(fù)氧組(H/R組)。空質(zhì)粒組(H/R+PIRES2)、IMD質(zhì)粒組(H/R+IMD)。NRK-52E 細(xì)胞H/R模型的制備參照文獻(xiàn)[5]方法進(jìn)行改良,將已傳代2~3次融合度達(dá)80%的細(xì)胞換用無(wú)血清DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基24 h后細(xì)胞進(jìn)入靜止期,預(yù)先將無(wú)氧液中持續(xù)通入高純度N230 min,達(dá)到N2飽和。棄去細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基,PBS洗2次后加入無(wú)氧液,將細(xì)胞置入培養(yǎng)條件為37℃,95%N2+5%CO2(V/V)的培養(yǎng)箱中,進(jìn)行缺氧培養(yǎng)1h,取出細(xì)胞,PBS洗滌,加入完全DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基,置入調(diào)整為37℃,95%空氣+5% CO2的培養(yǎng)箱中進(jìn)行復(fù)氧培養(yǎng),復(fù)氧2 h后,收集細(xì)胞及培養(yǎng)液上清[4]。
1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.3.1 細(xì)胞增殖指標(biāo) 比色法檢測(cè)培養(yǎng)基上清中乳酸脫氫酶(LDH),流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期,MTT法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖,嚴(yán)格按試劑盒說(shuō)明操作。
1.3.2 Realtime PCR檢測(cè)cyclin D1、CDK4、p57 mRNA表達(dá) 收集細(xì)胞,TRIzol法提取總RNA,反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA,引物序列見(jiàn)Tab 1,應(yīng)用SYBR Green PCR matter mix,反應(yīng)條件為95℃, 10 min,95℃, 15 s,60℃, 30 s,40個(gè)循環(huán),分析溶解曲線并計(jì)算相對(duì)濃度。
Tab 1 Sequences of primers and cycle parameter for real-time PCR
1.3.3 Western blot檢測(cè)cyclin D1、CDK4、p57蛋白表達(dá) 收集細(xì)胞加入蛋白質(zhì)抽提試劑提取蛋白質(zhì),12%的聚丙烯酰胺凝膠進(jìn)行電泳,電泳結(jié)束后轉(zhuǎn)印至NC膜上。用含有5%脫脂奶粉的TBST室溫封閉1 h,加入一抗cyclin D1(1 ∶500)、CDK4(1 ∶500)、p57(1 ∶1 000),于4℃孵育過(guò)夜, TBST洗膜10 min×3次,二抗(1 ∶500)室溫孵育1 h,TBST洗膜10 min×3次,用ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光法顯色,以β-actin為內(nèi)參,應(yīng)用Quantity One分析系統(tǒng)對(duì)條帶做吸光度定量,分析蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
1.3.4 間接免疫熒光染色 取潔凈的蓋玻片置于24孔板中,NRK-52E以每孔5×105個(gè)細(xì)胞鋪孔,細(xì)胞處理同前。4%多聚甲醛固定10 min,PBS震蕩洗滌10 min×3次;含5%BSA的TBST室溫封閉2 h,PBS震蕩洗滌10 min×3;滴加cyclin D1一抗(1 ∶200)4℃孵育過(guò)夜,加入熒光標(biāo)記二抗(1 ∶500),室溫避光孵育60 min,PBS震蕩洗滌10 min×3次;每孔加DAPI 50 μL,室溫避光孵育10 min,PBS洗滌;加抗熒光淬滅劑封片,激光共聚焦顯微鏡下觀察熒光表達(dá)。
2.1 NRK-52E細(xì)胞增殖及培養(yǎng)液上清LDH的變化由Tab 2可見(jiàn),與對(duì)照組相比,H/R組培養(yǎng)基中LDH含量明顯上升(升高了106%),同時(shí)細(xì)胞存活率明顯下降(P<0.01),而H/R+IMD質(zhì)粒組與H/R組及空質(zhì)粒組相比LDH含量分別降低了33.85%、33.46%,此外,細(xì)胞存活率提高[(79.15%±1.42%vs61.22%±1.63%,60.98%±2.62%,P<0.05)];H/R組與空質(zhì)粒組差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
GroupCellproliferation/%LDH/U·L-1Control100.00505.24±32.15H/R61.22±1.63**1536.84±115.28**H/R+PIRES260.98±2.62**1522.33±93.57**H/R+IMD79.15±1.42*#699.81±65.28#
*P<0.05,**P<0.01vscontrol;#P<0.05vsH/R.
2.2 NRK-52E細(xì)胞周期的變化由Tab 3可見(jiàn),與對(duì)照組相比,H/R 組細(xì)胞G0/G1期比例增加,S期細(xì)胞比例降低(P<0.05),說(shuō)明H/R狀態(tài)下NRK-52E細(xì)胞增殖受到抑制。與H/R組及空質(zhì)粒組比較,H/R+IMD組表現(xiàn)為G0/G1期細(xì)胞比例明顯降低,而S及G2期細(xì)胞比例增加(P<0.05),表明IMD可使細(xì)胞越過(guò)G0/G1期,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)NRK-52E細(xì)胞的增殖。
GroupG0/G1SG2Control57.93±1.2333.01±2.358.03±0.76H/R79.92±1.69*13.62±1.36*6.45±0.44H/R+PIRES276.98±1.63*16.19±1.18*6.82±0.36H/R+IMD46.16±2.75*#48.08±1.89*#7.12±0.30*#
*P<0.05vscontrol;#P<0.05vsH/R
2.3 NRK-52E細(xì)胞中cyclin D1、CDK4、p57的表達(dá)Western blot結(jié)果顯示,H/R可增加cyclin D1、CDK 4的表達(dá),這可能是一種損傷后修復(fù)啟動(dòng)的代償機(jī)制,而IMD可明顯上調(diào)cyclin D1、CDK 4的表達(dá),與對(duì)照組及H/R組相比差異具有顯著性(P<0.05);相似的是,Real time-PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果也顯示IMD能明顯增加cyclin D1、CDK 4的mRNA表達(dá),提示IMD通過(guò)調(diào)控轉(zhuǎn)錄從而增加其表達(dá)(Fig 1)。與對(duì)照組相比,H/R組細(xì)胞p57 mRNA及蛋白的表達(dá)明顯上調(diào)(P<0.05),而H/R+IMD組則明顯低于H/R組及空質(zhì)粒組(P<0.05)見(jiàn)Fig 2。
Fig 1 The mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 and CDK by
1:Control; 2: H/R; 3: H/R+PIRES2; 4: H/R+IMD,*P<0.05vscontrol;#P<0.05vsH/R.
2.4 免疫熒光檢測(cè)cyclin D1在細(xì)胞內(nèi)定位免疫熒光檢測(cè)結(jié)果可見(jiàn),cyclin D1呈紅色熒光,在NRK-52E細(xì)胞內(nèi)主要表達(dá)在細(xì)胞核中,DAPI呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)色熒光,PIRES2-EGFP/IMD攜帶EGFP報(bào)告基因,呈現(xiàn)綠色熒光(Fig 3)。
缺血/再灌注損傷后腎小管上皮細(xì)胞的修復(fù)是腎功能恢復(fù)的基礎(chǔ)。ARF 患者的臨床預(yù)后取決于腎小管上皮細(xì)胞損傷與修復(fù)過(guò)程動(dòng)態(tài)平衡的最終結(jié)果。在腎臟IRI后的修復(fù)需要腎小管上皮細(xì)胞再生取代受損的細(xì)胞,恢復(fù)腎小管的完整性,正常狀態(tài)下休眠的細(xì)胞將發(fā)生去分化,DNA合成加強(qiáng),之后細(xì)胞可以發(fā)生增殖分化,恢復(fù)腎單位的完整性。細(xì)胞的增生必須通過(guò)完成一個(gè)細(xì)胞周期才能得以實(shí)現(xiàn),因而促進(jìn)細(xì)胞周期的進(jìn)展能加快組織的再生和修復(fù)[6-7]。
Fig 2 The mRNA and protein levels of p57 by western blot
1:Control; 2: H/R; 3: H/R+PIRES2; 4: H/R+IMD,*P<0.05vscontrol;#P<0.05vsH/R
Fig 3 Immunolocalization of cyclin D1 in NRK-52E cells
A:cyclin D1; B:DAPI; C:EGFP; D:Merge
中介素(intermedin,IMD)又稱(chēng)腎上腺髓質(zhì)素2(adrenomedullin 2,ADM2),是2004年由美國(guó)學(xué)者Roh和日本學(xué)者Takei同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的,是一種較腎上腺髓質(zhì)素作用更強(qiáng)、更廣泛的降鈣素基因相關(guān)肽家族的新成員[8-9],是重要的心、腎、神經(jīng)、內(nèi)分泌調(diào)節(jié)肽,參與多種器官生理、病理過(guò)程[10-12],因此其生物學(xué)效應(yīng)和功能越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注。大量的研究證實(shí),IMD可以通過(guò)清除自由基、改善能量代謝、抑制細(xì)胞壞死和凋亡、抑制氧化應(yīng)激等,從而減輕腎臟IRI急性期損傷[3, 13-18]。
近年來(lái)已有越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)提示,IRI后存在細(xì)胞周期的異常激活,腎小管上皮細(xì)胞在缺血性損傷后可快速進(jìn)入細(xì)胞周期并增殖。本研究證實(shí)H/R組NRK-52E細(xì)胞存活率下降,培養(yǎng)液上清中的LDH活性升高,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)分析可見(jiàn)G0/G1細(xì)胞比例明顯上調(diào),而IMD轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞存活率提高,同時(shí)細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液上清中的LDH活性也明顯下降,而IMD轉(zhuǎn)染組G0/G1期細(xì)胞百分比明顯減少, S、G2期細(xì)胞的百分比增加,這一結(jié)果提示IMD可促進(jìn)H/R損傷后細(xì)胞的增殖,減輕細(xì)胞損傷。
cyclin是一類(lèi)與真核細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期呈同步性、周期性升降的周期調(diào)節(jié)蛋白,通過(guò)與細(xì)胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶(cyclin-dependent kinases,CDKs)結(jié)合形成cyclin-CDKs復(fù)合物共同控制著細(xì)胞周期[19-20]。cyclinD1、CDK4是 G1/S期關(guān)鍵的正性調(diào)節(jié)因子,二者通過(guò)結(jié)合成形成cyclinD1/CDK4復(fù)合物進(jìn)入胞核,促使細(xì)胞通過(guò)G1/S調(diào)控點(diǎn),啟動(dòng)細(xì)胞周期過(guò)程進(jìn)而發(fā)揮作用[21-22]。p57是重要的細(xì)胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶抑制因子(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor,CKI)主要表達(dá)在腎小球上皮細(xì)胞,參與調(diào)控細(xì)胞在G1/S期的轉(zhuǎn)變,抑制細(xì)胞增生[23]。本研究結(jié)果表明,H/R后cyclin D1、CDK4的表達(dá)均有所增加,這可能是損傷后機(jī)體的一種代償機(jī)制;而H/R+IMD組這些周期調(diào)節(jié)蛋白的表達(dá)進(jìn)一步上調(diào)。H/R可導(dǎo)致p57表達(dá)水平明顯增加,而IMD則可降低p57的蛋白表達(dá),同時(shí)我們還觀察到,cyclin D1在NRK-52E細(xì)胞內(nèi)主要定位于在細(xì)胞核中,而cyclin D1核聚集在增加細(xì)胞的增殖能力中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。這一結(jié)果提示IMD通過(guò)調(diào)控cyclin D1轉(zhuǎn)錄翻譯,降低p57蛋白表達(dá),進(jìn)而增加cyclin D1/CDK4的活性,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞周期由G0-G1期進(jìn)入S期。這些結(jié)果與本課題組在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中的結(jié)果相似[17]。
總之,腎小管上皮細(xì)胞修復(fù)過(guò)程的完成有賴于一系列的調(diào)節(jié)因子的作用[17],本研究在大鼠腎小管上皮NRK-52E細(xì)胞H/R模型中證實(shí),IMD通過(guò)下調(diào)p57的表達(dá),上調(diào)cyclinD1、CDK4的表達(dá),從而促進(jìn)細(xì)胞存活、增殖及細(xì)胞周期進(jìn)展,這可能是IMD發(fā)揮腎臟缺血/再灌注保護(hù)的作用機(jī)制之一。本研究進(jìn)一步證明了IMD促進(jìn)腎臟IRI損傷后修復(fù)的重要作用,為IMD應(yīng)用于腎臟IRI損傷的治療提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
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Research of the effect in intermedin on cell proliferation repair of renal tubular cell hypoxia-reoxygenation injury
WANG Yan-hong1, TIAN Ji-hua1, SU Xiao-le2, QIAO Xi2, LI Rong-shan3
(1.DeptofMicrobiologyandImmunology,ShanxiMedicalUniversity,Taiyuan030001,China;2.DeptofNephrology,theSecondHospitalofShanxiMedicalUniversity,Taiyuan030001,China; 3.DeptofNephrology,ShanxiProvincialPeople′sHospital,ShanxiKidneyDiseaseInstitute,Taiyuan,Shanxi030001,China)
Aim To evaluate the effect of intermedin (IMD) on cell proliferation and regeneration in rat tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E) that was subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Methods The NRK-52E cells were divided into control group and three model groups (H/R,H/R+primitive vector, H/R+IMD vector) . The content of LDH was detected to observe the influence of IMD on H/R injury. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT.The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to determine mRNA and protein levels. Results ① In comparison to the control, H/R treatment decreased the cell viability and increased LDH activity (P<0.01); in contrast, compared to H/R, IMD treatment ameliorated cell viability(79.15±1.421%vs61.22±1.63%,P<0.05) and decreased LDH activities by 33.85% (P<0.01). ② The proliferation of NRK-52E cells was significantly inhibited by H/R treatment. In comparison to the control, H/R treatment of NRK-52E cells increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1phase but decreased the proportion of cells in the S and G2/M phases.Moreover, the over-expression of IMD resulted in S and G2/M phase redistribution and the accumulation of G2/M-phase cells. The real-time PCR and western blotting results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin D1, CDK4 and p57 were increased in H/R-treated cells. IMD further stimulated this up-regulated expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and decreased the expression of p57 in NRK-52E cells. ④Cyclin D1 had a predominantly nuclear localization in NRK-52E cells, although cytoplasmic localization was also observed. Conclusion The study shows that the over-expression of IMD may promote renal cell proliferation and regeneration after renal tubular cell H/R injury via the up-regulation of cyclin D1,CDK and the down-regulation of p57.
intermedin; hypoxia-reoxygenation injury; renal tubular epithelial cells; cell proliferation; cell cycle; cyclin
時(shí)間:2015-3-16 15:41 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1086.R.20150316.1541.017.html
2014-10-15,
2015-02-10
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No 30971380);山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)博士啟動(dòng)基金(No 03201302);山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院331基金(No 201406);山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)科技創(chuàng)新基金(No 01201403)
王艷紅(1979-),女,博士,講師,研究方向:腎功能不全的基礎(chǔ)與臨床,E-mail:wangyanhongmail@126.com; 李榮山(1963-),男,博士,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,研究方向:腎功能不全的基礎(chǔ)與臨床,通迅作者,E-mail:rongshanli13@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2015.04.009
A
1001-1978(2015)04-0482-06
R-332;R322.61;R329.24;R329.28