林天育

廣東省普通高考英語科考試從2011年開始分別進(jìn)行筆試與聽力會(huì)話測試。其中，聽說考試占英語科總分（滿分150分）的10%。試題由三部分組成，即Part A - Reading Aloud（模仿朗讀），Part B - Role Play（角色扮演）和Part C - Retelling（故事復(fù)述）。其中，Part C - Retelling（故事復(fù)述）所占的分值最大（24分）。它要求考生先聽一段大約兩分鐘的獨(dú)白，錄音播放兩遍。考生準(zhǔn)備一分鐘之后開始復(fù)述所聽的內(nèi)容。要求考生盡可能使用自己的語言復(fù)述，而且復(fù)述內(nèi)容應(yīng)涵蓋盡可能多的原文信息點(diǎn)。選取的獨(dú)白體裁主要是記敘文。

一、考生常出現(xiàn)的問題和原因

筆者在平?？荚嚭驼n堂訓(xùn)練中發(fā)現(xiàn)不少考生不能準(zhǔn)確、連貫和流利地復(fù)述故事，有的甚至是不敢開口，導(dǎo)致該題得分很低甚至得零分。學(xué)生答題出現(xiàn)的主要問題有：（1）只說出了部分內(nèi)容，無法說出盡可能多的主要細(xì)節(jié)。（2）沒有抓住故事的主要細(xì)節(jié)，只是說出部分自己聽得懂的句子，無法復(fù)述整個(gè)故事內(nèi)容。（3）由于某些詞語發(fā)音的近似，在復(fù)述時(shí)出現(xiàn)了口誤，使得所說內(nèi)容與故事情節(jié)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。（4）人物和故事情節(jié)沒有保持一致，張冠李戴，違背了故事原本的意思。（5）句子結(jié)構(gòu)不準(zhǔn)確，語法錯(cuò)誤比較嚴(yán)重。（6）語流不連貫，發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)確，沒有節(jié)奏感，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些不必要的停頓。（7）部分同學(xué)還存在技術(shù)性問題，如由于話筒的距離沒有調(diào)整好，導(dǎo)致呼吸聲過大，或音量太小，部分同學(xué)聲音比較低沉并且模糊不清，部分同學(xué)由于緊張而搶答導(dǎo)致開頭部分沒有被記錄在錄音中。

究其原因，有下面幾個(gè)：（1）沒有掌握復(fù)述的要領(lǐng)。（2）沒有很好利用題目所提供的故事梗概和關(guān)鍵詞。（3）平常很少開口大聲說英語，而收聽英語廣播或是英語節(jié)目就更少了，導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)遲鈍。（4）自己淡化了對聽說部分的訓(xùn)練，導(dǎo)致在考試過程中缺少應(yīng)對的辦法。（5）英語基礎(chǔ)薄弱，語音語調(diào)不過關(guān)。

二、Part C-Retelling策略和技巧

1. 策略：采用摘要復(fù)述

摘要復(fù)述就是根據(jù)要求截取主要觀點(diǎn)、主要情節(jié)或內(nèi)容?？梢灾苯右迷鞯恼Z言，但不可避免地要對原作語言做必要的調(diào)整。因此，考生在復(fù)述過程中，只需按照故事發(fā)展過程盡可能多地說出故事的主要細(xì)節(jié)，使故事邏輯通順，內(nèi)容完整，就算是完成了這部分的任務(wù)。

2. 技巧：“三部曲”

（1）讀和譯。在錄音開始前有15秒鐘的時(shí)間，學(xué)生可以利用這段時(shí)間快速地閱讀故事梗概和關(guān)鍵詞。讀，就是讀故事梗概和關(guān)鍵詞。故事梗概包括故事的起因、簡單過程和結(jié)局。關(guān)鍵詞就是支撐這個(gè)故事主要內(nèi)容的詞語，它們所在的句子都是故事的主要細(xì)節(jié)。譯，就是把故事梗概和關(guān)鍵詞翻譯成3-4個(gè)句子。這幾個(gè)句子基本上就代表著整個(gè)故事最主要的內(nèi)容。

2014廣東卷A

故事梗概：校車司機(jī)突然昏倒，Tom快速反應(yīng)，踩剎車救了全車的人。

關(guān)鍵詞：unconscious（昏迷） ?brake（剎車） reaction（反應(yīng)） hero（英雄） reward （報(bào)酬）

根據(jù)故事梗概和關(guān)鍵詞，可以把故事梗概細(xì)化成下面幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)：

校車司機(jī)突然昏倒。

Tom快速反應(yīng)。

Tom踩剎車。

Tom救了全車的人。

把上面這四個(gè)句子快速地轉(zhuǎn)換成英文句子。

The bus driver was unconscious and fell down.

Tom made a quick reaction.

He stepped on the brake.

He saved all the people on the bus.

（2）聽和記。聽，就是聽故事的原文（錄音播放兩遍），弄清故事的主要情節(jié)和發(fā)展過程。上面這些句子將在聽力過程中起到引領(lǐng)的作用。在聽的過程中就會(huì)有的放矢，哪些細(xì)節(jié)重要，哪些細(xì)節(jié)不必要，心里清楚，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)丟了西瓜撿了芝麻的現(xiàn)象。聽時(shí)，把注意力放在與上面細(xì)節(jié)關(guān)系密切的內(nèi)容，無須均衡使力。記，就是記錄與上面要點(diǎn)關(guān)系密切的細(xì)節(jié)。記錄時(shí)，無須苛求記錄整個(gè)完整的句子，有時(shí)能寫下一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組或動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)就可以了。根據(jù)故事發(fā)展邏輯順序分別寫在每個(gè)要點(diǎn)上下，這樣方便對相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整理和組織。聽和記同時(shí)進(jìn)行，這要求學(xué)生的注意力要高度集中，大腦思維和書寫能力高度協(xié)調(diào)。除此之外，還必須掌握一點(diǎn)速記的技巧。

第一個(gè)要點(diǎn)

Tom liked cars and often helped his father repaired cars.

One morning， he was on the school bus with other children.

the driver was not feeling well

1. The bus driver was unconscious and fell down.

bus started running off the road/ out of control

第二和第三個(gè)要點(diǎn)

2. Tom made a quick reaction.

Tried to move the driver aside

3. He stepped hard on the brake.

bus finally stopped

第四個(gè)要點(diǎn)

He saved all the people on the bus.

Save himself and other children

appeared on TV as a hero

his school hung a medal of honor

the bus company gave him a toy bus as a reward

father was proud of him

promise to teach him how to drive

（3）想和說。想，是想故事的發(fā)展邏輯;想如何組織句子，使得句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語法項(xiàng)目使用得當(dāng)，特別是動(dòng)詞的正確形式;想如何使用銜接詞，使故事內(nèi)容緊湊、自然、有序，確保整個(gè)故事內(nèi)容的條理性和完整性。說，就是把上面所記錄的內(nèi)容用聲音表達(dá)出來，必要時(shí)對部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行改造和調(diào)整。首先，做一個(gè)深呼吸，緩解緊張的情緒，平復(fù)心情。其次，發(fā)音要清晰和準(zhǔn)確，語音語調(diào)自然。最后，在確保語速適當(dāng)?shù)耐瑫r(shí)，要注意語流的流暢，盡可能減少不必要的停頓。

復(fù)述內(nèi)容：

Tom was interested in cars and often helped his father repaired cars. One morning， he was on the school bus with other children. It happened that the driver was not feeling well and suddenly became unconscious that day. The bus started running off the road and was out of control. Tom made a quick reaction. He moved the driver aside and stepped hard on the brake quickly， and the bus finally stopped. Thanks to his quick reaction， everyone on the bus was saved. He appeared on TV and as a hero and became famous. In return for his quick reaction， he got a medal of honor from his school and the bus company also gave him a toy bus as a reward. His father was proud of him and promised to teach him how to drive when he was older. （140 words）

附錄音原文：

Tom liked everything about cars and often helped his father repair his old car. One morning， Tom was on the school bus with other children， they were chatting and laughing loudly as usual， but the bus driver was not feeling very well that day. While he was trying to stop the bus by the roadside， the driver suddenly became unconscious， it all happened without any warning. The bus was out of control and started running off the road. The children on the bus were terrified and began screaming. Tom was sitting in the back of the bus but he rushed to the front within seconds. He tried his best to move the bus driver aside and stepped hard on the brakes. The bus finally stopped. Tom save himself and all the other children from the disaster. The quick reaction of Tom made the news all over the country. He appeared on TV as a hero. His school hung a medal of honor around his neck. The bus company gave him a toy bus as a reward. Toms father was very proud of his son. He promised to teach him how to drive when he was older. （196 words）

三、備考建議

1. 多聽錄音，并跟著錄音認(rèn)真模仿朗讀，提高語音、語調(diào)和節(jié)奏的質(zhì)量。錄音是很好的老師。反復(fù)聽錄音，刻苦操練，這是最簡單并且有效的語言學(xué)習(xí)方法?！缎赂拍钣⒄Z》第二冊就是最好的材料。

2. 多開口說，把握一切可以鍛煉英語口語的機(jī)會(huì)，提高口頭表達(dá)能力。在聽完錄音后，向同學(xué)或是對著鏡子，大膽地說出所聽到的內(nèi)容，哪怕是故事的部分內(nèi)容。循序漸進(jìn)，增強(qiáng)自己說英語的膽量和自信心。

3. 多動(dòng)筆，記錄聽到并能夠?qū)懗鰜淼膬?nèi)容，一遍不行，就兩遍，循序漸進(jìn)，提升記錄能力和書寫速度。有意識(shí)地培養(yǎng)速記的能力，積累一套屬于自己的豐富有效的速記符號。

4. 多實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練，在最后一個(gè)月里，每天都堅(jiān)持花10分鐘坐下來專門練一練歷屆高考題目，按照上面介紹的答題技巧和過程進(jìn)行模擬訓(xùn)練。一邊聽一邊記錄故事的要點(diǎn)，聽完故事后，快速串聯(lián)要點(diǎn)，組織內(nèi)容，并大聲地說出整個(gè)故事的內(nèi)容。逐步培養(yǎng)和強(qiáng)化自己故事復(fù)述能力，增強(qiáng)自己的實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力。

責(zé)任編輯 ? ?魏文琦