曾 建,陳曉軍
沙格列汀對(duì)改善2型糖尿病患者血壓的效果及其作用機(jī)制
曾 建,陳曉軍
目的 觀察沙格列汀改善2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者血壓的效果,并探討其心血管保護(hù)作用的機(jī)制。方法 選取血糖控制不佳而血壓控制平穩(wěn)的T2DM 78例,隨機(jī)分為治療組43例和對(duì)照組35例,兩組在原有口服藥物基礎(chǔ)上,治療組加用沙格列汀,對(duì)照組增加原有藥物劑量或加用其他降糖藥。治療3個(gè)月后,觀察兩組治療前后血糖、糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、體重指數(shù)(BMI)及血壓變化。結(jié)果 兩組治療后空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,F(xiàn)PG)、餐后血糖(postprandial glucose,PPG)、HbA1c較前均明顯下降(P<0.05);治療組收縮壓(SBP)[ (133.9±16.5) mmHgvs(125.2±13.4) mmHg,P<0.01]、24 h平均收縮壓較治療前明顯下降[ (125.2±11.7) mmHg vs(116.6±8.6)mmHg,P<0.01],但對(duì)照組以上指標(biāo)較治療前無明顯變化。Spearman相關(guān)分析顯示治療組血壓下降與空腹、餐后血糖及HbA1c下降均無關(guān)。結(jié)論 沙格列汀不僅能降低T2DM患者血糖,而且對(duì)血壓也具有改善作用。
沙格列?。欢幕拿?4抑制藥;糖尿病,2型;血壓
二肽基肽酶-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor,DPP-4)抑制藥作為一類新上市的、用于治療2型糖尿病(T2DM)的藥物,由于其確切的降糖療效,較少的低血糖反應(yīng)及潛在的心血管保護(hù)作用,獲得最新的國(guó)際權(quán)威指南推薦。最近對(duì)沙格列?、颉ⅱ笃谂R床研究結(jié)果顯示,相比其他口服降糖藥,沙格列汀組的心血管事件發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著降低[1]。筆者應(yīng)用沙格列汀過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)該藥除降糖作用外,可能還有降壓作用,目前國(guó)內(nèi)尚未見相關(guān)報(bào)道。為此,筆者觀察沙格列汀改善T2DM患者血壓的效果,并探討其對(duì)心血管保護(hù)作用的機(jī)制。
1.1 對(duì)象 選取2012-01至2013-08我院收治的血糖控制不佳的T2DM患者78例,隨機(jī)分為治療組43例和對(duì)照組35例。對(duì)照組中男18例,女17例,平均(64.3±6.8)歲,平均病程(6.9±2.6)年;治療組中男20例,女23例,平均(62.6±6.2)歲,平均病程(6.3±2.0)年。兩組年齡、性別、病程具有可比性。
1.2 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (1)符合1999年WHO 2型糖尿病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);(2)糖化血紅蛋白≥6.5%;(3)收縮壓≥130 mmHg,舒張壓≥80 mmHg,在既往3個(gè)月內(nèi)無口服降壓藥或不調(diào)整降壓藥前提下血壓控制平穩(wěn);(4)既往從未使用DPP-4或胰高血糖素樣肽-1(glucagon-likepeptide1,GLP-1)制劑。
1.3 治療方法 治療組在不調(diào)整原有降糖、降壓藥基礎(chǔ)上,加用沙格列汀5 mg,口服,1次/d;對(duì)照組通過增加原有藥物劑量或加用其他降糖藥(二甲雙胍等非DPP-4或GLP-1制劑),兩組各治療3個(gè)月。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo) 觀察治療前、后血壓(上臂肱動(dòng)脈血壓)、FPG、PPG、24 h動(dòng)態(tài)血壓及 HbA1c,計(jì)算體重指數(shù)(BMI)。血壓測(cè)量方法參照中國(guó)血壓測(cè)量指南[2];身高、體重在同一體重測(cè)量?jī)x上進(jìn)行,測(cè)量前空腹,每次由同一醫(yī)師負(fù)責(zé);FPG、PPG由自動(dòng)生化儀檢測(cè),HbA1c采用高壓液相法檢測(cè),24 h動(dòng)態(tài)血壓用江蘇無錫中健CB180B動(dòng)態(tài)血壓儀記錄。
2.1 兩組治療前后各參數(shù)比較 治療前兩組FPG、PPG、HbA1c、SBP比較,無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;治療后兩組FPG、PPG、HbA1c較前均明顯下降(P<0.01)。治療組SBP、24 h平均收縮壓較治療前明顯下降(P<0.01),而對(duì)照組治療前后血壓無明顯變化。兩組無一例出現(xiàn)低血糖或低血壓(表1)。
表1 兩組T2DM患者治療前后各臨床參數(shù)比較 (±s)
注:與治療前比較:①P<0.05, ②P<0.01;治療組加用沙格列汀,對(duì)照組不增加沙格列汀
2.2 Spearman相關(guān)分析 治療組患者血壓下降與FPG、PPG及HbA1c下降均無關(guān)(r值分別為0.25、0.24、0.22)。
最新的薈萃分析顯示,DPP-4抑制藥可以有效降低HbA1c 0.6%~1.1%,且不易出現(xiàn)低血糖[3]。本研究顯示,在維持原有降壓、降糖治療基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)血糖控制不佳的T2DM患者加用沙格列汀能顯著降低FPG、PPG(P<0.01),3個(gè)月后HbA1c下降0.7%,無一例出現(xiàn)低血糖。
本研究表明,口服沙格列汀3個(gè)月后血壓下降明顯,考慮門診隨訪單次血壓測(cè)量不能完全代表患者血壓真實(shí)水平,筆者應(yīng)用24 h動(dòng)態(tài)血壓監(jiān)測(cè)。結(jié)果顯示,治療組3個(gè)月后24 h平均收縮壓下降了8.6 mmHg(P<0.01),而對(duì)照組在相同血糖下降幅度下,治療前后血壓變化無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。進(jìn)一步比較兩組治療后收縮壓,差異亦有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。相關(guān)分析排除血壓下降與血糖下降的相關(guān)性,且治療前后體重?zé)o明顯變化,說明沙格列汀引起血壓下降不是依賴血糖下降及體重變化,而是藥物直接治療作用。這與Ogawa等[4]研究結(jié)果一致。他發(fā)現(xiàn)西格列汀能降低T2DM患者收縮壓,6個(gè)月后收縮壓下降了9.7 mmHg。不同的是他們使用的是治療前后對(duì)照研究。Mistry等[5]發(fā)現(xiàn),在非糖尿病高血壓患者中,口服西格列汀5 d收縮壓即能降低2~3 mmHg。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)也證實(shí),DPP-4抑制藥能降低血壓,與對(duì)照組相比,給予西格列汀(40 mg/kg,2次/d)能明顯降低自發(fā)高血壓大鼠收縮壓[6]。
DPP-4抑制藥影響血壓的具體機(jī)制尚不明確。推測(cè)可能與以下幾方面相關(guān)。(1)DPP-4抑制藥可升高血漿GLP-1水平,GLP-1能減少鈉鹽攝入,增加尿鈉排出而發(fā)揮降低血壓作用;(2)DPP-4促進(jìn)體內(nèi)胰島素水平增高,胰島素具有舒張血管降低血壓作用;(3)Pacheco等[6]發(fā)現(xiàn)西格列汀降低血壓的作用部分是由于其抑制了腎臟近端小管微絨毛上Na/H交換子亞型3(NHE3)的活性及表達(dá),使尿鈉排出增加所致;(4)阿格列汀通過調(diào)節(jié)一氧化氮系統(tǒng)激活A(yù)KT-eNOS并增加NO釋放擴(kuò)展血管,進(jìn)而改善血管張力降低血壓[7,8]。
本研究應(yīng)用平行對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),發(fā)現(xiàn)沙格列汀除降糖作用外,還能改善T2DM患者血壓,將來有可能成為T2DM合并高血壓患者降壓藥物或輔助降壓藥物,并發(fā)揮心血管保護(hù)作用。但本研究樣本量偏少,其改善T2DM患者收縮壓的具體機(jī)制和最終結(jié)論還有待實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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(2014-08-05收稿 2014-10-20修回)
(責(zé)任編輯 尤偉杰)
Saxagliptin decreases systolic blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes
ZENG Jian and CHEN Xiaojun.
Department of Endocrinology,F(xiàn)ujian Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces,F(xiàn)uzhou 350003, China
Objective To investigate the blood pressure-lowing effects of saxagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes, to study the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of saxagliptin on heart and blood vessels. Methods 78 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus failing in blood glucose control but with stabilized blood pressure or not having their hypotensive drugs changed over the previous three months were randomly divided into study group(43) and control group(35). The study group was treated with saxagliptin while the control group received increased original dose or added with other hypoglycemic agents for three months. Then the levels of fasting and postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),body mass index(BMI),and blood pressure were measured after therapy. Results The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PPG) and HbA1c significantly decreased after treatment in the two groups (P<0.05); while the systolic blood pressure (SBP) [ (133.9±16.5) mmHgvs(125.2±13.4) mmHg),P<0.01], 24 h mean systolic blood pressure[ (125.2±11.7) mmHgvs(116.6±8.6) mmHg,P<0.01] decreased significantly in treatment group after treatment, but no significant change in the control group.However, the degree of the decrease in HbA1c、FPG and PPG levels was not significantly correlated with that of SBP by Spearman rank correlation. Conclusions Saxagliptin decreases not only blood glucose but also systolic pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
saxagliptin;dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor;diabetes mellitus,type 2;hypertension
曾 建,本科學(xué)歷,副主任醫(yī)師,E-mail:zj7011@medmail.com.cn
350003福州,武警福建總隊(duì)醫(yī)院內(nèi)一科
R587.1