孟令翀,王 京,劉建春
高尿酸血癥對Ⅱ型心腎綜合征心功能的影響
孟令翀1,王 京2,劉建春2
目的 探討高尿酸血癥對Ⅱ型心腎綜合征心功能的影響。方法 選擇120例Ⅱ型心腎綜合征患者,根據(jù)血尿酸水平,將其分為高尿酸組和正常尿酸組,檢測并比較兩組年齡、血壓、膽固醇、血糖、血肌酐、尿蛋白、血漿NTproBNP、左室舒張末徑。結(jié)果 120例Ⅱ型心腎綜合征患者中發(fā)生高尿酸血癥88例(73.3%)。高尿酸組與正常尿酸組的腎功能、血壓、血糖、血脂比較無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義;高尿酸組NTproBNP為(2483.7±296.5) pg/ml、左室舒張末徑(53.2±6.9)mm,正常尿酸組NTproBNP(2203.5±176.7)pg/ml、左室舒張末徑(52.9±4.8)mm,兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。結(jié)論 高尿酸血癥在Ⅱ型心腎綜合征患者中發(fā)生率高,但對心功能無影響。
Ⅱ型心腎綜合征;高尿酸血癥
近年有研究報道,血尿酸水平升高是心血管疾病惡化及病死率增高的一種獨立危險因素[1]。然而,尿酸在心血管病的發(fā)生機(jī)制中,仍有許多未確定的作用,如心功能不全和高尿酸血癥之間的關(guān)聯(lián)是由于尿酸的直接影響,還是通過黃嘌呤氧化酶介導(dǎo)的。
Ⅱ型心腎綜合征的發(fā)生機(jī)制是慢性心功能異常(慢性充血性心力衰竭)導(dǎo)致慢性腎功能異常,該類患者同時存在腎功能異常和心功能不全,且常合并高尿酸血癥。為了探討高尿酸血癥是否會加重該類患者心功能的進(jìn)一步惡化,本研究選擇武警北京總隊第二醫(yī)院2010-01至2014-01住院Ⅱ型心腎綜合征患者120例,觀察高尿酸血癥對心功能的影響。
1.1 對象 120例中,男59例,女61例;年齡42~89歲,心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ級,排除原發(fā)性腎炎、系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡、過敏性紫癜、乙型肝炎性腎炎、終末期腎衰竭等疾患。按照血尿酸水平劃分為兩組,高尿酸組(血尿酸水平男性和絕經(jīng)后女性>420 μmol/L,絕經(jīng)前女性>360 μmol/L)88例,其中男42例,女46例;正常尿酸組32例,其中男17例,女15例。
1.2 觀察指標(biāo) 檢測并比較兩組年齡、血壓、膽固醇、血糖、血肌酐、尿蛋白、血漿NTproBNP、左室舒張末徑。
2.1 兩組臨床資料比較 120例Ⅱ型心腎綜合征患者高尿酸血癥發(fā)生率為73.3%。與正常尿酸組比較,高尿酸組年齡、平均動脈壓、血糖、血肌酐、膽固醇、三酰甘油水平無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(表1)。
表1 兩組Ⅱ型心腎綜合征患者臨床指標(biāo)比較 ±s)
2.2 兩組心功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較 高尿酸組NTproBNP (2483.7±296.5) pg/ml、左室舒張末徑(53.2±6.9)mm;正常尿酸組NTproBNP(2203.5±176.7)pg/ml、左室舒張末徑(52.9±4.8)mm。兩組比較,血漿NTproBNP水平、左室舒張末徑均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。
尿酸主要通過腎臟清除,無慢性腎臟疾病的心功能不全患者可以正常清除尿酸,但該類患者存在低氧血癥,無氧代謝增加,三磷酸腺苷生成減少,促使腺嘌呤降解增加,從而使尿酸生成增加[2-4]。因此,心功能不全患者出現(xiàn)高尿酸血癥的原因被認(rèn)為主要是由于尿酸的合成增加,高尿酸只是黃嘌呤氧化酶活性增加的一個標(biāo)志[5]。另外,心功能不全可引起心輸出量減少,導(dǎo)致腎臟血液灌注減少,引起腎臟缺血、缺氧,造成腎單位的壞死和凋亡[6];心力衰竭時交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)及RAAS系統(tǒng)激活,導(dǎo)致水鈉潴留加重,同時使血管收縮引起腎血管灌注壓降低和血流量減少,導(dǎo)致腎功能進(jìn)一步衰竭[4],這些因素均可導(dǎo)致尿酸排泄減少。因此,合并慢性腎臟病的高尿酸血癥患者可能很大程度上是由于受損的腎臟排泄尿酸減少,和黃嘌呤氧化酶的活性增加不相關(guān)。以上解釋了本研究的觀察結(jié)果,即Ⅱ型心腎綜合征患者的高尿酸血癥發(fā)生率較高,為73.3%,因為該組患者同時存在尿酸生成增加和排泄減少兩個因素。
有研究表明,高尿酸血癥在晚期慢性收縮性心力衰竭中常見,在這些患者中,高尿酸與病死率和住院率相關(guān)[7]。然而,這些關(guān)聯(lián)只能在無腎臟受損的患者中觀察到。本研究結(jié)果顯示,高尿酸組與正常尿酸組相比,NTproBNP及左室舒張末徑無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異,提示在Ⅱ型心腎綜合征患者中,高尿酸血癥沒有進(jìn)一步加重心功能惡化。說明在腎臟受損患者中,不是血清高尿酸水平導(dǎo)致心功能惡化,而可能是黃嘌呤氧化酶活性增加起作用。黃嘌呤氧化酶能產(chǎn)生氧自由基,引起炎性反應(yīng)和氧化應(yīng)激,雖然黃嘌呤氧化酶在心力衰竭患者中的作用并不明確,但在動物實驗和臨床實驗中,其抑制作用已被證明可以改善心肌的能量和左心室功能[6]。另外,不降低黃嘌呤氧化酶活性,減少血清尿酸水平并不能改善心力衰竭患者血流動力學(xué)障礙。以上提示我們,應(yīng)更進(jìn)一步地探索高尿酸血癥和心功能之間的復(fù)雜關(guān)系。
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(2014-12-09收稿 2015-02-11修回)
(責(zé)任編輯 尤偉杰)
Effect of hyperuricemia on type Ⅱ cardiorenal syndrome induced
MENG Lingchong1, WANG Jing2, and LIU Jianchun2.
1.Medical Team, Beijing Municipal Corps Sixth Detachment, Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100037, China.2. Department of Cardiorenal Diseases, Beijing Municipal Corps Second Hospital, Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100037, China
Objective To investigate the effecthyperuricemiaon patients’of cardiac function in cardiorenal syndrome type Ⅱ. Methods 120 patients with types Ⅱcardiorenal syndrome, according to their level of serum uric acid, were divided into hyperuricemia group and normal uric acid group, and the differencesin related indexes of cardiac function were analyzed. Results Of 120 patients with type Ⅱcardiorenal syndrome, 88(73.3%) had hyperuricemia. Betweenhigh uric acid group and normal uric acid group, renal function, blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05), NTproBNP in high uric acid group was (2483.7±296.5) pg/ml, left ventricular end diastolic diameter was (53.2±6.9) mm, while those in normal uric acid group were (2203.5±176.7) pg/ml and (52.9±4.8)mm,respectively the difference showed no statistical significance. Conclusions Hyperuricemia in patients with cardiorenal syndrome type Ⅱ is in highly incident, but has no effects on their cardiac function.
cardiorenal syndrome type Ⅱ; hyperuricemia
孟令翀,本科學(xué)歷,醫(yī)師,E-mail:menglchappy@sina.com
1.100037,武警北京總隊六支隊衛(wèi)生隊;2.100037,武警北京總隊第二醫(yī)院心腎內(nèi)科
劉建春,E-mail:420pc@sina.com
R696.6