空軍總醫(yī)院兒科(北京100142) 次苗苗 王文革
▲通訊作者
哮喘患兒血清TGF-β1、Smad3表達(dá)及與氣道重塑的關(guān)系研究
空軍總醫(yī)院兒科(北京100142) 次苗苗 王文革▲
目的:探討不同分期哮喘患兒血清TGF-β1、Smad3表達(dá)及與氣道重塑的關(guān)系。方法:將126例哮喘患兒分為急性發(fā)作期組(A組)40例、慢性持續(xù)期組(B組)41例和臨床緩解期組(C組)45例,對(duì)各組TGF-β1、Smad2、PI NP、PⅢ NP水平進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。結(jié)果:B組患兒TGF-β1、Smad3水平較A組均出現(xiàn)顯著性下降(P<0.05);C組患兒較A、B組TGF-β1、Smad3均出現(xiàn)顯著性下降(P<0.05);B組患兒PI NP、PⅢ NP及PI NP/PⅢ NP較A組均出現(xiàn)顯著性下降(P<0.05);C組患者PI NP及PI NP/PⅢ NP較A組及B組均出現(xiàn)顯著性下降,(P<0.05);PⅢ NP較A組出現(xiàn)顯著性下降(P<0.05)。TGF-β1與PI NP、PI NP/PⅢ NP顯著正相關(guān) (P<0.05),與PⅢ NP未見顯著相關(guān)性(P>0.05),Smad3與PI NP、PI NP/PⅢ NP顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.05), 與PⅢ NP未見顯著相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。結(jié)論: TGF-β1、Smad2水平升高與哮喘患兒氣道膠原沉積指標(biāo)密切相關(guān),對(duì)其水平檢測(cè)有助于明確氣道重構(gòu)的進(jìn)展。
近十余年來(lái)我國(guó)兒童哮喘的患病率有明顯上升趨勢(shì),對(duì)患兒的身心健康及生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重影響[1]。該疾病涉及炎性細(xì)胞、氣道結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)胞和細(xì)胞組分等因素的參與,氣道在過(guò)敏原等理化因素的刺激下,出現(xiàn)反復(fù)發(fā)作的喘息,胸悶,咳嗽等癥狀[2]。TGF-β1、Smad3是參與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)重構(gòu)的重要細(xì)胞因子,其水平升高可促進(jìn)成纖維細(xì)胞增殖、膠原分泌[3],并有抑制金屬蛋白酶的作用[4]。但目前對(duì)TGF-β1、Smad3與I/Ⅲ型膠原在小兒哮喘發(fā)展過(guò)程中的作用及關(guān)系尚不明確,我們對(duì)該類患兒進(jìn)行了相關(guān)研究,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1 臨床資料 選擇2012年1月至2014年1月我院兒科接診的哮喘患兒126例,其中男69例,女57例。年齡5~12歲,平均8.6±3.5歲。所有患兒診斷均依據(jù)2008 年中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)兒科學(xué)分會(huì)制定的兒童支氣管哮喘診斷與防治指南。所有研究對(duì)象均排除合并嚴(yán)重肝、腎疾病、惡性腫瘤及相關(guān)高危因素。根據(jù)患兒病情將入選患兒分為急性發(fā)作期組(A組)、慢性持續(xù)期組(B組)和臨床緩解期組(C組),分別有40例、41例、45例。
2 檢測(cè)方法與觀察指標(biāo)
2.1 TGF-β1、Smad3檢測(cè):所有研究對(duì)象均于入選后次日晨抽取靜脈血3ml,室溫靜止30min后離心,取血清留存待檢。檢驗(yàn)由我院檢驗(yàn)科完成,采用ELISA法測(cè)定TGF-β1、Smad2。以上檢驗(yàn)嚴(yán)格遵守操作規(guī)程,并保證在試劑有效期內(nèi)使用。
2.2 I、Ⅲ型膠原檢測(cè):采用化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析法檢測(cè)I、Ⅲ型膠原(PI NP、PⅢ NP),并計(jì)算I/Ⅲ型膠原比例,檢測(cè)由我院檢驗(yàn)科完成,操作嚴(yán)格按照說(shuō)明進(jìn)行,并保證在試劑有效期內(nèi)使用且保證質(zhì)控符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
1 各組TGF-β1、Smad3水平比較 見表1。B組患兒TGF-β1、Smad3水平較A組均出現(xiàn)顯著性下降(P<0.05),C組患兒較A、B組TGF-β1、Smad3均出現(xiàn)顯著性下降(P<0.05)。
表1 各組TGF-β1、Smad3水平比較
注:* 與A組較比,P<0.05; # 與B組比較,P<0.05
2 各組I、Ⅲ型膠原水平比較 見表2。B組患兒PI NP、PⅢ NP及PI NP/PⅢ NP較A組均出現(xiàn)顯著性下降(P<0.05),C組患者PI NP及PI NP/PⅢ NP較A組及B組均出現(xiàn)顯著性下降(P<0.05),PⅢ NP較A組出現(xiàn)顯著性下降(P<0.05)。
表2 各組I、Ⅲ型膠原水平比較
注:* 與A組比較,P<0.05; # 與B組比較,P<0.05
3 TGF-β1、Smad3與I、Ⅲ型膠原相關(guān)性分析 見表3。TGF-β1與PI NP、PI NP/PⅢ NP顯著正相關(guān) (P<0.05),與PⅢ NP未見顯著相關(guān)性(P>0.05),Smad3與PI NP、PI NP/PⅢ NP顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.05), 與PⅢ NP未見顯著相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。
表3 TGF-β1、Smad3與I、Ⅲ型膠原相關(guān)性分析
支氣管哮喘是兒童期常見的呼吸道慢性疾病之一,患病率的明顯上升對(duì)患兒的身心健康造成嚴(yán)重影響。目前認(rèn)為,長(zhǎng)期的病變可導(dǎo)致氣道的持續(xù)性損傷并導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)異常,進(jìn)而啟動(dòng)氣道重構(gòu)過(guò)程,該過(guò)程是對(duì)損傷性刺激的修復(fù)過(guò)程,但修復(fù)后的組織結(jié)構(gòu)與正常組織存在區(qū)別[5]。發(fā)病過(guò)程中炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)肺實(shí)質(zhì),導(dǎo)致小氣道管壁增厚進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致氣道狹窄及氣流受限[6]。肺臟細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(ECM)中膠原蛋白成分由Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅢⅤ、Ⅵ型膠原等構(gòu)成,但比例不均一,其中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型膠原占總量90%以上,該類膠原沉積是導(dǎo)致氣道重構(gòu)的重要因素。TGF-β1/Smad通路是參與氣道重塑的重要信號(hào)通路,是介導(dǎo)纖連蛋白和膠原形成的重要因素[7]。但目前不同階段哮喘患兒TGF-β1/Smad3與相關(guān)膠原之間的關(guān)系尚未完全明確。
從本研究可以看出:隨著病情的緩解,TGF-β1、Smad3均出現(xiàn)顯著性下降PI NP、PⅢ NP及PI NP/PⅢ NP也出現(xiàn)顯著性下降。氣道重構(gòu)誘發(fā)肺上皮細(xì)胞損傷,上皮細(xì)胞壞死、變性可激活巨噬細(xì)胞,其釋放生長(zhǎng)因子等可激活細(xì)胞外基質(zhì),促進(jìn)肌成纖維細(xì)胞的形成,膠原分泌增加且ECM降解減少,構(gòu)成纖維化發(fā)生的重要因素[8]。TGF-β1/Smad3可阻礙氣道上皮細(xì)胞正常修復(fù),成為加重哮呼吸道上皮損害的重要通路;另一方面,TGF-β1/Smad3可上調(diào)結(jié)締組織生長(zhǎng)因子(CTGF)表達(dá)水平并降低基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶抑制劑的表達(dá),從而使細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)分解加速[9]。從本研究可以看出:TGF-β1/Smad3所致細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)平衡紊亂所導(dǎo)致的氣道重構(gòu)過(guò)程與I、Ⅲ型膠原存在密切關(guān)系[10],該過(guò)程可能以TGF-β1/Smad3水平失調(diào)為啟動(dòng)因子,引起下游細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)合成及分解失調(diào),進(jìn)而通過(guò)對(duì)巨噬細(xì)胞募集及炎性因子釋放,加速成纖維細(xì)胞活化[11],最終導(dǎo)致的效應(yīng)包括小氣道管壁明顯增厚、細(xì)支氣管纖維化,并出現(xiàn)肺泡壁破壞,最終導(dǎo)致氣道不可逆損害的發(fā)生,這也成為患兒治療情況不佳的重要因素之一。
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(收稿:2015-01-07)
Correlation analysis of TGF-β1, Smad3 and reconstruction of airway in asthma children
Department of Pediatrics , The general Hospital of Air Force( Beijing 100142)
Ci Miaomiao Wang Wenge
Objective: To investigate Correlation analysis of TGF-β1, Smad2 and reconstruction of airway in asthma children. Methods: 126 cases of asthma children were enrolled, according to the severeness of asthma, they were divided into Acute exacerbation of group (A ), chronic duration (group B) and clinical remission (group C), there were 40, 41, 45 cases respectively. TGF-β1,Smad3, PI NP, P Ⅲ NP were tested. Results: TGF-β1, Smad3 levels in group B showed significant decreases than the A group (P<0.05), TGF-β1, Smad3 of group C than A, B group were significantly lower (P< 0.05). PI NP, P Ⅲ NP and PI NP/P Ⅲ NP of B group than group A were significantly lower (P< 0.05), PI NP and PINP/P Ⅲ NP of group C patients than group A and group B were significantly lower (P< 0.05), P Ⅲ NP showed decrease than group A. TGF-β1and PI NP, PI NP/P Ⅲ NP showed significantly positive correlation (P<0.05), Smad 2 and PI NP, PI NP/P Ⅲ NP showed significantly positive correlation (P<0.05). Conclusion:TGF-β1, Smad 3 levels are closely associated with collagen sedimentation in airway patients, monitoring the level will help to make clear the progress of airway reconstruction of asthma.
Asthma/blood Cytokines/metabolism @TGF - beta 1 @Smad3
哮喘/血液 細(xì)胞因子類/代謝 @TGF-β1@Smad3
R563.3
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000-7377.2015.05.042