袁 雁,龐翠軍,肖常青,潘海林,宋 琳,廖碧芝,張崢嶸
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·論著·
廣西地區(qū)人群CD36基因rs17154181和rs1761667位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與2型糖尿病大血管病變的關(guān)系
袁 雁,龐翠軍,肖常青,潘海林,宋 琳,廖碧芝,張崢嶸
目的 探討CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生大血管病變的關(guān)系。方法 選取2012年12月—2014年6月于廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌代謝科住院治療的2型糖尿病患者112例為病例組,并選取同期于本院體檢健康者65例為對(duì)照組。記錄兩組一般資料,并檢測(cè)相關(guān)生化指標(biāo)。提取外周血DNA,CD36基因rs17154181和rs1761667經(jīng)PCR擴(kuò)增后分析基因型。結(jié)果 兩組CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型和等位基因頻率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。病例組不同程度糖尿病大血管病變患者年齡、總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)水平比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);其中,臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化和亞臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化患者年齡大于無大血管病變患者,TC水平低于無大血管病變患者;亞臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化患者TG水平低于無大血管病變患者(P<0.05)。病例組不同程度糖尿病大血管病變患者CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型及等位基因頻率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。病例組rs17154181位點(diǎn)不同基因型患者收縮壓比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中,基因型AG患者收縮壓高于基因型AA患者(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示,年齡、合并高血壓、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)進(jìn)入回歸方程,是2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生糖尿病大血管病變的影響因素(P<0.05),而rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型未進(jìn)入回歸方程(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 本研究未發(fā)現(xiàn)CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與廣西地區(qū)2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生大血管病變有關(guān),其多態(tài)性可能不是CD36與糖脂代謝有關(guān)的功能性多態(tài)位點(diǎn)。
糖尿病,2型;糖尿病血管病變;CD36;多態(tài)性,單核苷酸
袁雁,龐翠軍,肖常青,等.廣西地區(qū)人群CD36基因rs17154181和rs1761667位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與2型糖尿病大血管病變的關(guān)系[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué),2015,18(20):2421-2425.[www.chinagp.net]
Yuan Y,Pang CJ,Xiao CQ,et al.Relationship between the polymorphism of rs17154181 and rs1761667 sites of CD36 gene and macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Guangxi province[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(20):2421-2425.
糖尿病大血管病變是2型糖尿病患者常見并發(fā)癥,早期可僅表現(xiàn)為動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜厚度增厚或斑塊形成,隨著病情的發(fā)展可由亞臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化進(jìn)展為臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,發(fā)生嚴(yán)重心腦血管事件的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加[1]。在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成早期,巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬氧化型的低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)轉(zhuǎn)化為泡沫細(xì)胞是粥樣斑塊形成的關(guān)鍵步驟。而CD36是巨噬細(xì)胞膜上oxLDL的主要受體,參與炎性反應(yīng)、止血、免疫清除、脂質(zhì)代謝和動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化等多種生理和病理過程[2]。CD36可能存在多個(gè)功能性多態(tài)位點(diǎn),與心腦血管、糖脂代謝等相關(guān)代謝性疾病的發(fā)生相關(guān)[3]。本研究通過探討廣西地區(qū)2型糖尿病患者CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與2型糖尿病大血管病變的關(guān)系,分析2型糖尿病大血管病變的發(fā)生機(jī)制,為改善2型糖尿病患者預(yù)后提供依據(jù)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 一般資料 測(cè)量身高、體質(zhì)量、血壓,若收血壓≥140/90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),或血壓正常但正服用降壓藥物則診斷為合并高血壓,記錄糖尿病病程及吸煙史。
1.2.2 生化指標(biāo)檢測(cè) 空腹12 h后采集靜脈血2 ml,EDTA抗凝管抗凝,送本院實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)。
1.2.3 大血管病變?cè)\斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 亞臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):頸總動(dòng)脈、股動(dòng)脈、髂總動(dòng)脈經(jīng)彩色多普勒超聲檢查任一部位內(nèi)膜中層厚度>1.0 mm和/或出現(xiàn)粥樣硬化斑塊且無臨床癥狀表現(xiàn)。臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)下肢大血管病變:有間歇性跛行、休息痛,足背動(dòng)脈搏動(dòng)消失,甚至有足缺血性潰瘍或壞疽表現(xiàn),均經(jīng)外周血管超生檢查證實(shí)外周血管動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化有缺血表現(xiàn)或閉塞;(2)冠心?。河械湫托慕g痛或心肌梗死病史,或心電圖、冠狀動(dòng)脈造影明確診斷心肌缺血或冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄;(3)出現(xiàn)偏癱或其他腦局灶癥狀,或顱腦CT、MRI顯示有缺血或出血改變。
1.2.4 DNA提取及基因型分析 采用苯酚三氯甲烷提取外周血細(xì)胞基因組DNA,溶于TE液中-20 ℃保存待用。rs17154181位點(diǎn)引物序列設(shè)計(jì)參考文獻(xiàn)[2],rs1761667位點(diǎn)引物應(yīng)用Primer 5.0軟件設(shè)計(jì),并經(jīng)Oligo 7軟件評(píng)價(jià),均由生工生物(上海)工程有限公司合成。rs17154181位點(diǎn)引物序列上游引物:5′-CAAACATTACAGCAGAACT-3′,下游引物:5′-TATTTACCAAGACAACCC-3′;rs1761667位點(diǎn)引物序列上游引物:5′-TATCCACCTGTTTTCCTCACT-3′,下游引物:5′-GACTCTTCCATTTGTTTTGGT-3′。 PCR反應(yīng)體系為25 μl,包括12 μl Premix Taq(大連寶生物工程有限公司),上下游引物各0.5 μl(20 pmol/μl),DNA模板1 μl(50~300 ng/μl),不足部分由雙蒸水補(bǔ)充。rs17154181位點(diǎn)PCR擴(kuò)增參數(shù):預(yù)變性95 ℃,10 min,變性94 ℃,1 min,退火51 ℃,30 s,延伸72 ℃,1 min,變性、退火、延伸30個(gè)循環(huán)后,再次延伸72 ℃,7 min。rs1761667PCR位點(diǎn)PCR擴(kuò)增參數(shù):預(yù)變性95 ℃,10 min,變性94 ℃,1 min,退火56 ℃,30 s,延伸72 ℃,1 min,變性、退火、延伸30個(gè)循環(huán)后,再次延伸72 ℃,7 min。
限制性內(nèi)切酶通過在線軟件NEB CUTTER選定,消化反應(yīng)進(jìn)行基因型分析。酶切反應(yīng)體系為20 μl,包括PCR產(chǎn)物10 μl,10倍稀釋buffer緩沖液1 μl,限制性內(nèi)切酶3~5 U(大連寶生物工程有限公司),不足部分由雙蒸水補(bǔ)充。37 ℃恒溫箱孵育4~6 h后,2%瓊脂糖凝膠(核酸染料GREEN染色),100 V電泳30 min后紫外燈下確定基因型。
2.1 兩組CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性分析CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)基因頻率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡,具有群體代表性(χ2=0.742、0.921,P=0.631)。兩組CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型和等位基因頻率分布比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1)。
2.2 病例組不同程度糖尿病大血管病變患者臨床特征比較 病例組不同程度糖尿病大血管病變患者糖尿病病程、體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)、收縮壓、舒張壓、FPG、2hPBG、HbA1c、LDL-C和HDL-C水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。病例組不同程度糖尿病大血管病變患者年齡、TC、TG水平比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);其中,臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化和亞臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化患者年齡大于無大血管病變患者,TC水平低于無大血管病變患者;亞臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化患者TG水平低于無大血管病變患者(P<0.05,見表2)。
2.3 病例組不同程度糖尿病大血管病變患者基因型及等位基因頻率比較 病例組不同程度糖尿病大血管病變患者CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型及等位基因頻率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表3)。
表1 兩組CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型及等位基因頻率比較(n)
Table 1 Comparison of genotype and alleles frequency of rs17154181 and rs1761667 sites of CD36 gene between the two groups
組別例數(shù)rs17154181位點(diǎn)基因型AA AG GG 等位基因A Grs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型AA AG GG 等位基因A G對(duì)照組651925216367727314189病例組1122153389512922494193131χ2值2764121932663482P值0251027001950062
表3 病例組不同程度糖尿病大血管病變患者CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型及等位基因頻率比較(n)
Table 3 Comparison of genotype and alleles frequency of rs17154181 and rs1761667 sites of CD36 gene among diabetic patients with different levels of macroangiopathy in the case group
病變程度例數(shù)rs17154181位點(diǎn)基因型AA AG GG 等位基因A Grs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型AA AG GG 等位基因A G無糖尿病大血管病變39618153048617162949臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化2761110233161292430亞臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化469241342501021154151χ2值1661089510521125P值0798063909020570
表2 病例組不同程度糖尿病大血管病變患者臨床特征比較
注:FBG=空腹血糖,2 h PBG=餐后2 h血糖,HbA1c=糖化血紅蛋白,TC=總膽固醇,TG=三酰甘油,LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白膽固醇,HDL-C=高密度脂蛋白膽固醇;與無大血管病變比較,aP<0.05;b為u值
2.4 病例組CD36基因rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)不同基因型患者臨床特征比較 病例組rs17154181位點(diǎn)不同基因型患者收縮壓比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中,基因型AG患者收縮壓高于基因型AA患者(P<0.05)。病例組rs17154181位點(diǎn)不同基因型患者BMI、舒張壓、FPG、2 h PBG、HbA1c、TC、TG、LHL-C 和HDL-C水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表4)。病例組rs1761667位點(diǎn)不同基因型患者BMI、收縮壓、舒張壓、FPG、2 h PBG、HbA1c、TC、TG、 LHL-C 和HDL-C水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表5)。
2.5 2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生糖尿病大血管病變影響因素的多因素Logistic分析 以病例組患者臨床特征為自變量,是否發(fā)生糖尿病大血管病變?yōu)橐蜃兞啃卸嘁蛩豅ogistic回歸分析。結(jié)果顯示,年齡、合并高血壓、LDL-C進(jìn)入回歸方程,是2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生糖尿病大血管病變的影響因素(P<0.05),而rs17154181、rs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型未進(jìn)入回歸方程(P>0.05,見表6)。
CD36是一類B族清道夫受體,廣泛分布于單核細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞、血小板、紅細(xì)胞、某些腫瘤細(xì)胞、內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮細(xì)胞和脂肪細(xì)胞等細(xì)胞膜[2],參與體內(nèi)多種病理生理活動(dòng),其介導(dǎo)的巨噬細(xì)胞對(duì)oxLDL的吞噬從而轉(zhuǎn)化為泡沫細(xì)胞的過程在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用[3]。Luo等[5]對(duì)新疆地區(qū)漢族、維吾爾族人群CD36基因多態(tài)性與急性冠脈綜合征關(guān)系的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),急性冠脈綜合征患者rs17154181位點(diǎn)等位基因A頻率低于健康人群。另外,rs1761667位點(diǎn)單核苷酸多態(tài)性與白人游離脂肪酸水平升高有關(guān)[6],而高水平的游離脂肪酸可降低外周組織對(duì)胰島素的敏感性。CD36是游離脂肪酸的受體,其在肌肉和脂肪組織表達(dá)的差異性影響2型糖尿病患者對(duì)胰島素的敏感性[7-8]。最近一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在非洲裔美國(guó)人群中rs1761667位點(diǎn)等位基因A與單核細(xì)胞CD36的表達(dá)減少有關(guān),是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的保護(hù)因素[9]。
表6 2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生糖尿病大血管病變影響因素的多因素Logistic分析
Table 6 Multivariable Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors for macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
變量bSEWaldχ2值OR(95%CI)P值年齡02220053175371249(1125,1386)<0001BMI-0140011514810870(0694,1089)0224合并高血壓2143074414818527(1985,36625)0004吸煙史-0050072500050951(0230,3941)0928糖尿病病程-0151007639530860(0740,1108)0077FBG-0083014503280920(0693,1223)05672hPBG0057010303061059(0865,1297)0580HbA1c0053014801271054(0789,1408)0721TC-2524083591400080(0016,1012)0080TG0074024500921077(0666,1743)0762LDL-C3070105185288551(2745,69223)0003HDL-C0273104100691314(0171,10144)0793rs17154181位點(diǎn)基因型 GG---1- AA1794117023536016(0608,59574)0125 AG0281075501381324(0301,5820)0710rs1761667位點(diǎn)基因型 GG---1- AA0879108906522409(0285,20349)0721 AG0390091106541477(0247,8801)0419
注:-表示無此數(shù)據(jù)
表4 病例組rs17154181位點(diǎn)不同基因型患者臨床特征比較±s)
注:與基因型AA比較,aP<0.05
表5 病例組rs1761667位點(diǎn)不同基因型患者臨床特征比較±s)
一項(xiàng)在印度人群中開展的研究表明,2型糖尿病患者CD36基因rs3211938位點(diǎn)等位基因G頻率高于健康人群[10]。而本研究結(jié)果顯示,病例組和對(duì)照組rs17154181、rs176166位點(diǎn)基因型和等位基因頻率并無差異,提示該基因位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性可能不是2型糖尿病的易患多態(tài)位點(diǎn)。本研究對(duì)照組和病例組rs17154181位點(diǎn)等位基因A的頻率分別為48.5%(63/130)和42.4%(95/224),均高于新疆人群的33.8%[5];對(duì)照組和病例組rs1761667位點(diǎn)等位基因A的頻率分別是31.5%(41/130)和41.5(93/224),低于墨西哥人群的58%[11],rs17154181、rs176166位點(diǎn)等位基因分布是否有地域差異,尚需更大樣本量的研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
Rac等[12]對(duì)CD36基因多態(tài)性與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊厚度關(guān)系的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),外顯子6等位基因?yàn)?73A、591T的患者動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊厚度較薄。本研究病例組不同程度糖尿病大血管病變患者CD36基因rs17154181、rs176166位點(diǎn)基因型和等位基因頻率無差異,提示該位點(diǎn)可能不是功能性位點(diǎn),對(duì)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生發(fā)展無影響。多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示,年齡是2型糖尿病患者發(fā)生糖尿病大血管病變及亞臨床動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的危險(xiǎn)因素,與Trinity等[13]研究結(jié)果一致。
2型糖尿病是環(huán)境因素和多基因共同作用的結(jié)果,單基因?qū)μ侵x及動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的貢獻(xiàn)大小尚不得而知,需要更大樣本量、更深入的基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)加以闡明。今后的研究需探討CD36表達(dá)水平與2型糖尿病大血管病變的關(guān)系,更加客觀地反映兩者的關(guān)聯(lián)性。此外,由于CD36基因多態(tài)性有明顯的民族、地域差異,對(duì)CD36基因多態(tài)性的研究尚需在更大地區(qū)、更廣人群中進(jìn)行。
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(本文編輯:吳立波)
Relationship Between the Polymorphism of rs17154181 and rs1761667 Sites of CD36 Gene and Macroangiopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Guangxi Province
YUANYan,PANGCui-jun,XIAOChang-qing,etal.
DepartmentofEndocrinologyandMetabolism,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofGuangxiMedicalUniversity,Nanning530021,China
Objective To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of rs17154181 and rs1761667 sites of CD36 gene and macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Guangxi Province.Methods We enrolled 112 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received hospitalized treatment in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from December 2012 to June 2014 as the case group.Another 65 healthy people who underwent physical examination in the same period were enrolled as control group.General data were recorded,and relevant biochemical indicators were tested.DNA in peripheral blood was extracted ,and through PCR amplification of rs17154181 and rs1761667 sites of CD36 gene,genotypes were determined.Results The two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05) in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequency at rs17154181 and rs1761667 sites of CD36 gene.In the case group,the diabetic patients with different levels of macroangiopathy were significantly different(P<0.05) in age,TC and TG;patients with clinical arteriosclerosis and subclinical arteriosclerosis were higher(P<0.05) in age and were lower(P<0.05) in TC level than the diabetic patients without macroangiopathy;diabetic patients with subclinical arteriosclerosis were lower(P<0.05) than the diabetic patients without macroangiopathy in TG level.In the case group,the diabetic patients with different levels of macroangiopathy were not significantly different(P>0.05) in the rs 17154181 and rs 1761667 genotypes of CD36 genes and allele frequency.In the case group,patients with different genotypes of rs17154181 site were significantly different(P<0.05) in systolic pressure;patients with AG genotype were higher(P<0.05) than patients with AA genotype in systolic pressure.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,complicated hypertension and LDL-C entered the regression equation,which indicated that these factors were the influencing factors for macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The genotypes at rs17154181 and rs1761667 sites didn′t enter the regression equation(P>0.05).Conclusion No correlation was found between the polymorphisms of rs17154181 and rs1761667 sites of CD36 gene and macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The two sites may be not the CD36 functional polymorphism sites relevant with glucolipid metabolism.
Diabetes mellitus,type 2;Diabetic angiopathies;CD36;Polymorphism,single nucleotide
廣西自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(2011GXNSFA018257);廣西中醫(yī)藥管理局基金項(xiàng)目(GZKZ10-113)
530021廣西南寧市,廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌代謝科
龐翠軍,530021廣西南寧市,廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌代謝科;E-mail:pangcuijun@qq.com
R 587.23
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.20.015
2015-03-08;
2015-06-03)