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        不同冷凍貯藏時(shí)間對(duì)三種魚(yú)類(lèi)肌肉中孔雀石綠殘留量的影響

        2014-10-27 20:54:55高麗娜等
        河北漁業(yè) 2014年10期
        關(guān)鍵詞:肌肉殘留

        高麗娜等

        摘 要:研究鯉魚(yú)、鰻鱺、鱖魚(yú)在加入不同濃度的孔雀石綠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品且在不同冷凍貯藏時(shí)間下對(duì)孔雀石綠殘留量的影響。三種基質(zhì)中,鰻鱺組織中添加有無(wú)色孔雀石綠降解速率最慢、鱖魚(yú)次之、鯉魚(yú)較快。三種基質(zhì)中添加10 μg/kg、50 μg/kg、100 μg/kg有色孔雀石綠平均降解率分別為57.9%、48.0%、23.0%;無(wú)色孔雀石綠平均降解率分別為46.6%、43.4%、19.8%,有色孔雀石綠較無(wú)色孔雀石綠降解快,低濃度較高濃度降解快。在三種基質(zhì)鯉魚(yú)、鰻鱺、鱖魚(yú)組織中有色和無(wú)色孔雀石綠降解反應(yīng)均符合準(zhǔn)一級(jí)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)。分析可能由于鰻鱺組織脂肪較多,其結(jié)合方式影響了有色無(wú)色孔雀石綠的降解。

        關(guān)鍵詞:貯藏時(shí)間;肌肉;孔雀石綠;殘留

        食品安全是重要的民生問(wèn)題,直接關(guān)系到社會(huì)的和諧穩(wěn)定。近年來(lái),我國(guó)水產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全事件時(shí)有發(fā)生,對(duì)漁業(yè)的健康發(fā)展造成嚴(yán)重的影響。因藥物殘留超標(biāo)而被退貨、銷(xiāo)毀甚至中斷貿(mào)易往來(lái)事件屢見(jiàn)不鮮。2001年,歐盟檢出中國(guó)對(duì)蝦、蝦仁含有氯霉素,隨后對(duì)其實(shí)施了嚴(yán)格檢查,并提出了蝦類(lèi)氯霉素污染新規(guī)定;2003年7月15日,日本靜岡衛(wèi)生部門(mén)從產(chǎn)自中國(guó)的冷凍鰻魚(yú)中檢出恩諾沙星,對(duì)已售出的8 210 kg冷凍鰻魚(yú)發(fā)出警示并要求立即回收。2005年,日本從中國(guó)進(jìn)口的鰻魚(yú)制品中檢測(cè)出孔雀石綠,對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)口烤鰻制品發(fā)出禁止通令??梢?jiàn)藥物殘留問(wèn)題儼然己成為我國(guó)擴(kuò)大水產(chǎn)品國(guó)際貿(mào)易的主要障礙。水產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題,已成為制約我國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的瓶頸[1]。

        我國(guó)從2002年開(kāi)始對(duì)水產(chǎn)品藥物殘留實(shí)施監(jiān)控計(jì)劃,農(nóng)業(yè)部每年都有大量經(jīng)費(fèi)用于監(jiān)控孔雀石綠的使用情況,許多國(guó)家級(jí)、部級(jí)、省(市)級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室承擔(dān)其監(jiān)控及檢測(cè)任務(wù)。其結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性和科學(xué)性不僅關(guān)系著生產(chǎn)者的切身利益,更考驗(yàn)著水產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全執(zhí)法部門(mén)的公正性[2]。

        孔雀石綠(MalachiteGreen oxalate),(以下簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)MG),又稱中國(guó)綠、苯胺綠、堿性孔雀石綠、品綠、鹽基塊綠,是一種合成的N-甲基二氨基三苯基甲烷類(lèi)染料(N-methylated diamino tripheny methane)。在自然界中,MG以多種形式存在,但主要是以草酸鹽或鹽酸鹽的形式存在于醋酸鹽和鹽酸鹽的混合液中??兹甘G進(jìn)入機(jī)體后,最初主要在魚(yú)的受精卵或魚(yú)苗的血清、肝、腎、肌肉、皮膚、內(nèi)臟等組織中蓄積,而后經(jīng)過(guò)生物轉(zhuǎn)化,代謝成為無(wú)色形式的脂溶性代謝產(chǎn)物無(wú)色孔雀石綠( Leucomalachite green,以下簡(jiǎn)稱LMG),被長(zhǎng)期滯留在組織中,因此在水產(chǎn)品組織中檢測(cè)到的殘留物主要是無(wú)色孔雀石綠[3]。LMG的結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)似于具有致癌作用的典型的芳香胺化合物,是MG染料合成的前體物,也是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中最嚴(yán)重的污染物。

        目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)孔雀石綠代謝方面的研究總體不多,主要是對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物代謝的研究。Poe等研究發(fā)現(xiàn)孔雀石綠主要在受精卵和魚(yú)苗的血清、肝、腎、肌肉和其它組織中蓄積[4]。Royal等將鯰魚(yú)(Ictalurus punctatus)放在孔雀石綠藥浴中,7 d內(nèi)孔雀石綠從707 μg/kg降至17 μg/kg,無(wú)色孔雀石綠則從834 μg/kg降至451 μg/kg[5]。Alborali 等的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:在魚(yú)體的肌肉皮膚中,孔雀石綠的總含量的殘留時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),不易消去[6]。

        但這些研究多集中在活體實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的代謝上,對(duì)于冷凍樣品肌肉中的孔雀石綠殘留量影響的研究還未見(jiàn)相關(guān)報(bào)道。本實(shí)驗(yàn)將研究鯉魚(yú)、鰻鱺、鱖魚(yú)在加入不同濃度的孔雀石綠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品后,在不同冷凍貯藏時(shí)間下對(duì)孔雀石綠殘留量的影響,確定影響藥物降解的關(guān)鍵因子。為農(nóng)業(yè)部實(shí)施城市例行監(jiān)督檢測(cè)、產(chǎn)地地監(jiān)督抽查、苗種監(jiān)督檢測(cè)、農(nóng)業(yè)部考核方案提供技術(shù)支持。

        1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

        1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品

        冷凍空白鯉魚(yú)魚(yú)糜、冷凍空白鰻鱺魚(yú)糜、冷凍空白鱖魚(yú)魚(yú)糜,由農(nóng)業(yè)部漁業(yè)環(huán)境及水產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)測(cè)試中心(天津)業(yè)務(wù)室提供。

        1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器設(shè)備

        參考文獻(xiàn):

        [1]

        鄭宗林,向磊.我國(guó)水產(chǎn)藥物使用現(xiàn)狀分析[J].水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖,2002(4):363-39

        [2] 穆迎春,邢麗紅,等 不同貯藏條件下孔雀石綠加標(biāo)樣品降解研究[J].中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào),2012 (28):83-89

        [3] Culp SJ, et al. Metabolic changes occurring i nmice and rats fed LMG [A]. Proc 88th Ann Meeting of Am Soc for Cancer Research [C] .San Diego, 1997. 121-125

        [4] PoeW E, Wilshon R P. Absorption of malachite green by channe l catfish [J] . Prog Fish Cult, 1983 (45) : 228-229

        [5] Roybal J E, Denver C O, Pfenning A P, e t a.l Determination of malachite green and itsme tabolite, leucom a lachite green, in catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) tissue by liquid chrom atography with visible detection [J].J AOAC,1995( 78): 453-457

        [6] Alborali L, Sangiorgi E, Leali M. The persistence of malachite green in the edible tissue of rain bow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss) [J]. Aquaculture,1997,32:45-60

        Different frozen storage times effect on malachite green residues in three kindy of fish muscles

        GAO Lina1,CHEN Yongping2,MA Dan2,LI Chunqing2

        (1.Tianjin Vniversity of science&Technology,Tianjin 300547;2.Quality of fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Supervision and Testing center,Ministry of Agriculture,Tianjin 300221,china

        Abstract:Study of carp, eel, mandarin fish residues of malachite green in the effects of malachite green standard samples with different concentrations and at different frozen storage time. Three kinds of matrix, eel tissues are added in the carp leucomalachite green degradation rate is the slowest, mandarin fish, three times faster, matrix added with 10 μg/kg, 50 μg/kg,100 μg/kg, colored malachite green average degradation rate were 57.9%, 48%, 23% leucomalachite green average degradation rate were 46.6%, 43.4%, 19.8%, colored malachite green is colorless malachite green fast degradation of low concentration, high concentration fast degradation. In three kinds of matrix carp, eel, mandarin fish tissues colored and colorless malachite green degradation reaction are in line with the pseudo first order reaction kinetics. Analysis may be due to eel tissue more fat, the binding mode of the degradation of colored leucomalachite green.

        Key words:Storage time; muscle; malachite green; residue

        (收稿日期:2014-06-28)

        Different frozen storage times effect on malachite green residues in three kindy of fish muscles

        GAO Lina1,CHEN Yongping2,MA Dan2,LI Chunqing2

        (1.Tianjin Vniversity of science&Technology,Tianjin 300547;2.Quality of fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Supervision and Testing center,Ministry of Agriculture,Tianjin 300221,china

        Abstract:Study of carp, eel, mandarin fish residues of malachite green in the effects of malachite green standard samples with different concentrations and at different frozen storage time. Three kinds of matrix, eel tissues are added in the carp leucomalachite green degradation rate is the slowest, mandarin fish, three times faster, matrix added with 10 μg/kg, 50 μg/kg,100 μg/kg, colored malachite green average degradation rate were 57.9%, 48%, 23% leucomalachite green average degradation rate were 46.6%, 43.4%, 19.8%, colored malachite green is colorless malachite green fast degradation of low concentration, high concentration fast degradation. In three kinds of matrix carp, eel, mandarin fish tissues colored and colorless malachite green degradation reaction are in line with the pseudo first order reaction kinetics. Analysis may be due to eel tissue more fat, the binding mode of the degradation of colored leucomalachite green.

        Key words:Storage time; muscle; malachite green; residue

        (收稿日期:2014-06-28)

        Different frozen storage times effect on malachite green residues in three kindy of fish muscles

        GAO Lina1,CHEN Yongping2,MA Dan2,LI Chunqing2

        (1.Tianjin Vniversity of science&Technology,Tianjin 300547;2.Quality of fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Supervision and Testing center,Ministry of Agriculture,Tianjin 300221,china

        Abstract:Study of carp, eel, mandarin fish residues of malachite green in the effects of malachite green standard samples with different concentrations and at different frozen storage time. Three kinds of matrix, eel tissues are added in the carp leucomalachite green degradation rate is the slowest, mandarin fish, three times faster, matrix added with 10 μg/kg, 50 μg/kg,100 μg/kg, colored malachite green average degradation rate were 57.9%, 48%, 23% leucomalachite green average degradation rate were 46.6%, 43.4%, 19.8%, colored malachite green is colorless malachite green fast degradation of low concentration, high concentration fast degradation. In three kinds of matrix carp, eel, mandarin fish tissues colored and colorless malachite green degradation reaction are in line with the pseudo first order reaction kinetics. Analysis may be due to eel tissue more fat, the binding mode of the degradation of colored leucomalachite green.

        Key words:Storage time; muscle; malachite green; residue

        (收稿日期:2014-06-28)

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