楊悠悠 王浩 劉佟 楊永壇
1引言
苯并(a)芘(BaP)具有強(qiáng)致癌和致突變作用\[1\]。油脂制品中的苯并(a)芘主要源自不合理的加工方式:如溫度過高的油料焙炒、高溫壓榨等工藝過程均可導(dǎo)致油脂受熱分解,環(huán)化聚合生成苯并(a)芘\[2\]。目前,關(guān)于食品中苯并(a)芘較為普遍的檢測方法主要有薄層色譜法\[3\]、高效液相色譜法 (PLC)\[\]、氣相色譜質(zhì)譜法\[5\]等。提取凈化方法主要有凝膠滲透色譜法\[6\]、液液萃取法\[7\]、固相萃取法\[8\]、層析柱法等\[9\]。本研究采用高效液相色譜熒光檢測法,應(yīng)用分散式固相萃取技術(shù)對油脂制品進(jìn)行提取凈化,極大簡化了處理步驟,降低了實(shí)驗(yàn)成本和有機(jī)試劑排放,實(shí)現(xiàn)了油脂制品中苯并(a)芘的快速精確定量。
2實(shí)驗(yàn)部分
2.1儀器與材料UltiMate 3000 PLC(配熒光檢測器,美國hermo公司);S 16R型高速離心機(jī)(美國hermo公司);QL902型渦旋混合器(其林貝爾儀器制造有限公司);DCⅡ 型氮吹儀(北京同泰聯(lián)科技發(fā)展有限公司)。正己烷、乙腈、四氫呋喃(色譜純,美國isher公司);苯并(a)芘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品(純度99.6%±0.5%,美國Sigma公司);中性氧化鋁(分析純,100~300目,00 ℃ 灼燒8 h,天津光復(fù)科技發(fā)展有限公司);植物油、動物油、辣椒醬樣品均購于本地超市。
2.2樣品處理方法
取0.2 g油脂樣品,于50 mL離心管中加入吸附劑中性氧化鋁9 g,加入50 μL去離子水,20 mL正己烷,渦旋振蕩1 min。取提取液10 mL于5 ℃ 水浴中氮吹至干,用乙腈四氫呋喃(9∶1, V/V)混合溶劑0.5 mL復(fù)溶。再經(jīng)0.5 μm濾膜過濾后,進(jìn)樣20 μL,用熒光檢測器(LD)進(jìn)行色譜分析。
2.3液相色譜條件Eclipse XDBC18反相色譜柱(150 mm×.6 mm×5 μm,美國Agilent公司);XDBC18預(yù)柱(12.5 mm×.6 mm×5 μm,美國Agilent公司);流速為1.0 mL/min;柱溫25 ℃ ;熒光檢測器激發(fā)波長38 nm、發(fā)射波長06 nm;流動相:乙腈水(88∶12, V/V)。
3結(jié)果與討論
3.1中性氧化鋁、水分及萃取劑用量的選擇影響回收率和凈化效果的3個(gè)主要因素為:吸附劑中性氧化鋁的用量、影響中性氧化鋁活度的加水量、萃取劑正己烷使用體積。首先對三因素的使用水平進(jìn)行了初步篩選,對個(gè)水平的中性氧化鋁的用量(7、8、9和10 g)、個(gè)水平的加水量(5%, 6%, 7%和8%)、個(gè)水平的萃取劑用量(16, 18, 20和22 mL)進(jìn)行正交設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn),得到回收率最佳的優(yōu)選條件:中性氧化鋁9 g,去離子水50 μL,正己烷20 mL。
3.2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的繪制和檢出限標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品用甲苯溶解后,用乙腈四氫呋喃(9∶1, V/V)配成10 mg/L儲備液,分取儲備液再稀釋成0.2,1.0,2.0,5.0和10.0 μg/L,各進(jìn)樣20 μL測定其峰面積,以峰面積為縱坐標(biāo)(Y),質(zhì)量濃度為橫坐標(biāo)(X),繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,采用外標(biāo)法定量。苯并(a)芘在0.2~10.0 μg/L范圍內(nèi)符合線性關(guān)系,回歸方程為Y=121770X-699,相關(guān)系數(shù)R2=0.9997。進(jìn)空白樣品,以信噪比S/N=3計(jì),測得方法的最低檢出濃度為1.0 μg/kg。
3.3方法的加標(biāo)回收率和精密度按照2.2節(jié)的方法對陰性油脂樣品的三水平加標(biāo)樣 (5.0, 25.0和50.0 μg/kg) 各進(jìn)行6次分析,加標(biāo)回收率為81.5%~97.5%,精密度為2.6%~.9%(n=6)。在9 min內(nèi)可分離植物油加標(biāo)樣品(加標(biāo)量25 μg/kg)。
3.實(shí)際樣品測定采用本方法對購于市場的2個(gè)油脂樣品進(jìn)行測定。樣品種類包括:菜籽油、葵花籽油、玉米油、花生油、大豆油、芝麻油、橄欖油、動物油、辣椒醬油等,部分陽性結(jié)果見表1。
與液液萃取、固相萃取、凝膠滲透色譜等傳統(tǒng)的前處理方法相比,本方法更為簡便快速,高效環(huán)保,成本低廉?!耙徊绞健钡臉悠非疤幚磉^程集成了傳統(tǒng)的吸附劑活化、樣品提取和樣品凈化等樣品處理步驟,整個(gè)樣品處理過程僅需10~15 min, 尤其適合批量油脂樣品中苯并(a)芘的檢測。
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食品中苯并(a)芘的測定. 中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn). GB/ 5009.272003
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肉制品中苯并\[a\]芘的測定高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn). NY/ 16662008
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湯 樺, 陳大舟, 吳 雪, 徐銳鋒, 鐘石林, 邵明武, 王 覃. 質(zhì)譜學(xué)報(bào), 2010, 31(): 208-213
9Animal andVegetable ats and OilsDetermination of Benzo(a)pyreneReverse igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. GB/ 225092008
動植物油脂苯并(a)芘的測定反相高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn). GB/ 225092008
AbstractA dispersive solid phase extraction method combined with reversed phase liquid chromatography was investigated for the determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) residues in edible oil and oil products. he developed “onestep” sample preparation method integrated with the adsorbent activation, sample extraction and sample cleaning. Using AlumiaN as the adsorbent, good cleaning effect and high recovery ranging from 81.5%-97.5% was achieved. In addition, coupled with fluorescence detector (LD), high sensitivity was obtained with LOD of 1.0 μg/kg (S/N=3). urthermore, SPSS was used to design orthogonal optimization experiments and establish the optimal condition. Under the optimized condition, the standard calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.5-10.0 μg/L, with the regression efficiency (R2) of 0.9997. he relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak area was between 2.6%-.9%, showing good repeatability and the reliability.
KeywordsBenzo(a)pyrene; igh performance liquid chromatography; Dispersive solid phase extraction; Oil product
王建華, 郭 翠, 龐國芳, 張藝兵. 分析測試學(xué)報(bào), 2009, 28(3): 267-271
7Determination of Benzo\[a\]pyrene in Meat Products igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. NY/ 16662008
肉制品中苯并\[a\]芘的測定高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn). NY/ 16662008
8ANG ua, CEN DaZhou, WU Xue, XU Ruieng, ZONG ShiLin, SAO MingWu, WANG an. Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society, 2010, 31(): 208-213
湯 樺, 陳大舟, 吳 雪, 徐銳鋒, 鐘石林, 邵明武, 王 覃. 質(zhì)譜學(xué)報(bào), 2010, 31(): 208-213
9Animal andVegetable ats and OilsDetermination of Benzo(a)pyreneReverse igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. GB/ 225092008
動植物油脂苯并(a)芘的測定反相高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn). GB/ 225092008
AbstractA dispersive solid phase extraction method combined with reversed phase liquid chromatography was investigated for the determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) residues in edible oil and oil products. he developed “onestep” sample preparation method integrated with the adsorbent activation, sample extraction and sample cleaning. Using AlumiaN as the adsorbent, good cleaning effect and high recovery ranging from 81.5%-97.5% was achieved. In addition, coupled with fluorescence detector (LD), high sensitivity was obtained with LOD of 1.0 μg/kg (S/N=3). urthermore, SPSS was used to design orthogonal optimization experiments and establish the optimal condition. Under the optimized condition, the standard calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.5-10.0 μg/L, with the regression efficiency (R2) of 0.9997. he relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak area was between 2.6%-.9%, showing good repeatability and the reliability.
KeywordsBenzo(a)pyrene; igh performance liquid chromatography; Dispersive solid phase extraction; Oil product
王建華, 郭 翠, 龐國芳, 張藝兵. 分析測試學(xué)報(bào), 2009, 28(3): 267-271
7Determination of Benzo\[a\]pyrene in Meat Products igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. NY/ 16662008
肉制品中苯并\[a\]芘的測定高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn). NY/ 16662008
8ANG ua, CEN DaZhou, WU Xue, XU Ruieng, ZONG ShiLin, SAO MingWu, WANG an. Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society, 2010, 31(): 208-213
湯 樺, 陳大舟, 吳 雪, 徐銳鋒, 鐘石林, 邵明武, 王 覃. 質(zhì)譜學(xué)報(bào), 2010, 31(): 208-213
9Animal andVegetable ats and OilsDetermination of Benzo(a)pyreneReverse igh Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. National Standards of the People′s Republic of China. GB/ 225092008
動植物油脂苯并(a)芘的測定反相高效液相色譜法, 中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn). GB/ 225092008
AbstractA dispersive solid phase extraction method combined with reversed phase liquid chromatography was investigated for the determination of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) residues in edible oil and oil products. he developed “onestep” sample preparation method integrated with the adsorbent activation, sample extraction and sample cleaning. Using AlumiaN as the adsorbent, good cleaning effect and high recovery ranging from 81.5%-97.5% was achieved. In addition, coupled with fluorescence detector (LD), high sensitivity was obtained with LOD of 1.0 μg/kg (S/N=3). urthermore, SPSS was used to design orthogonal optimization experiments and establish the optimal condition. Under the optimized condition, the standard calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.5-10.0 μg/L, with the regression efficiency (R2) of 0.9997. he relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak area was between 2.6%-.9%, showing good repeatability and the reliability.
KeywordsBenzo(a)pyrene; igh performance liquid chromatography; Dispersive solid phase extraction; Oil product