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        浙江省產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地非農(nóng)化的協(xié)調(diào)性分析

        2014-09-21 16:53:59沈孝強(qiáng)吳次芳方明
        關(guān)鍵詞:人口城鎮(zhèn)化協(xié)調(diào)性城市化

        沈孝強(qiáng) 吳次芳 方明

        摘要 產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地非農(nóng)化是城市化的基本內(nèi)涵與表現(xiàn),其協(xié)調(diào)性關(guān)系到城市化的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。運(yùn)用協(xié)調(diào)耦合度模型和重心法分析1999年至2011年浙江省城市化過(guò)程中產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地非農(nóng)化的協(xié)調(diào)性與空間均衡性,通過(guò)皮爾遜相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)協(xié)調(diào)耦合度的影響因素,結(jié)果表明:①研究期全省產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地非農(nóng)化的協(xié)調(diào)耦合度得到持續(xù)提高,由0.54上升至0.76,從中協(xié)調(diào)耦合等級(jí)發(fā)展為較協(xié)調(diào)耦合等級(jí),各市協(xié)調(diào)耦合度及其等級(jí)都獲得相應(yīng)提高,但“北高南低,南北分化”的空間差異特征依然顯著;②以2005年為界,前半期全省及省內(nèi)各市協(xié)調(diào)耦合度增速較快,但2005年之后顯著放緩,說(shuō)明促進(jìn)各要素協(xié)調(diào)非農(nóng)化的難度在上升;③地區(qū)不平衡未得到有效控制,西北部人口非農(nóng)化速度領(lǐng)先、東北部產(chǎn)業(yè)非農(nóng)化較快、中南部土地非農(nóng)化超前,阻礙了綜合協(xié)調(diào)耦合度的提高;④經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、城鄉(xiāng)居民收入與公共服務(wù)水平,就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和土地資源稟賦等是影響產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地協(xié)調(diào)非農(nóng)化的重要因素。今后產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地非農(nóng)化協(xié)調(diào)性的提高將依賴于各要素非農(nóng)化相互作用和地區(qū)平衡性的改善。東北部地區(qū)需著重推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)和城鄉(xiāng)一體化建設(shè);西北部地區(qū)提高失業(yè)、住房等社會(huì)保障覆蓋面,促進(jìn)進(jìn)城農(nóng)民工市民化;中南部鞏固農(nóng)業(yè)的同時(shí)積極發(fā)展二三產(chǎn)業(yè),增加非農(nóng)就業(yè),改善公共服務(wù),同時(shí)優(yōu)化土地利用管理,控制城市低效蔓延。

        關(guān)鍵詞 城市化;產(chǎn)業(yè)非農(nóng)化;人口城鎮(zhèn)化;土地非農(nóng)化;協(xié)調(diào)性;浙江

        中圖分類號(hào) F291.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1002-2104(2014)09-0129-06

        自上世紀(jì)九十年代進(jìn)入快速城市化進(jìn)程以來(lái),中國(guó)的城市化問(wèn)題已成為焦點(diǎn)議題[1]。從城市化的本質(zhì)看,城市化是區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與資源在市場(chǎng)作用下以城市為主導(dǎo)重新進(jìn)行空間配置的過(guò)程[2],產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、人口遷移和地域擴(kuò)張是城市化的基本內(nèi)涵與表現(xiàn)[3]。具體而言:經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是城市化的根本動(dòng)力,并帶動(dòng)農(nóng)村人口向城市流動(dòng)和城市地域規(guī)模擴(kuò)張[4];農(nóng)村人口向城市遷移為城市產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供勞動(dòng)力,充足的廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力即所謂的人口紅利是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的重要?jiǎng)恿5],而人口非農(nóng)化超前又會(huì)產(chǎn)生城市就業(yè)與貧困問(wèn)題[6];土地為城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與人口擴(kuò)張?zhí)峁┛臻g載體,但土地非農(nóng)化過(guò)快將引發(fā)城市低效蔓延、耕地過(guò)度占用和環(huán)境問(wèn)題[7]。產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地非農(nóng)化過(guò)程中任何一環(huán)的脫節(jié),都會(huì)阻礙城市健康發(fā)展。相關(guān)研究雖有涉及城市化過(guò)程中產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地問(wèn)題,但多是就其中一兩個(gè)要素展開(kāi)研究[8-10],缺乏對(duì)三者的綜合分析;或者將產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和用地作為因子置于城市經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度等更高級(jí)系統(tǒng)中[11-12]。這樣雖有利于評(píng)價(jià)城市發(fā)展的整體協(xié)調(diào)性,卻模糊甚至掩蓋了產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地在城市化過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵作用與相互關(guān)系。浙江省的城市化進(jìn)程快于全國(guó)水平,具有一定指導(dǎo)意義。鑒于此,本文以浙江省為例,以二三產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占GDP比重、非農(nóng)人口占地區(qū)總?cè)丝诒戎睾统鞘薪ǔ蓞^(qū)面積占土地總面積比重為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),分析城市化過(guò)程中三者的協(xié)調(diào)性,并分析相關(guān)影響因素,為城市化健康發(fā)展提供理論和實(shí)踐參考。

        1.3 重心法

        為進(jìn)一步研究浙江省快速城市化進(jìn)程中產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地非農(nóng)化的空間平衡性,引入重心法。利用ArcGIS 的 Mean Center 工具[14]計(jì)算全省二三產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值、非農(nóng)業(yè)人口和城市建成區(qū)面積的地理重心分布,可以直觀地表現(xiàn)出某一方位上是否存在某種要素非農(nóng)化超前或滯后的現(xiàn)象。如建成區(qū)面積重心轉(zhuǎn)移的方向,若與二三產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值、非農(nóng)業(yè)人口重心轉(zhuǎn)移方向不一致,則說(shuō)明這一方向上土地的非農(nóng)化相對(duì)超前于產(chǎn)業(yè)和人口非農(nóng)化,可能存在城市過(guò)度蔓延的現(xiàn)象。若三個(gè)重心不斷趨近,可以反映出全省產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地非農(nóng)化在空間分布上是趨向平衡的。

        1.4 數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源與處理

        浙江省及各市的二三產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值、地區(qū)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值,非農(nóng)業(yè)人口和總?cè)丝冢ㄞr(nóng)業(yè)人口和非農(nóng)業(yè)人口之和)來(lái)自各省市相應(yīng)年份的統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒。城市建成區(qū)面積數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自1999-2011年《中國(guó)城市建設(shè)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》。其中,有四個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)做了調(diào)整,分別是2005年嘉興市,2003、2005年湖州市及2006年舟山市的建成區(qū)面積。統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒關(guān)于2004年、2006年嘉興市建成區(qū)土地面積的數(shù)據(jù)分別為139.85和140.32 km2,而2005年為163.09 km2,顯得不可思議。本文將2005年數(shù)據(jù)改為前后兩年的中間值。筆者認(rèn)為,這樣的修改是相對(duì)合理的,也是有必要的。其他三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的修改原因和修改方式與上述一致。運(yùn)用公式(1)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理。

        2 結(jié)果與分析

        2.1 浙江省產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地非農(nóng)化協(xié)調(diào)耦合度的時(shí)空演化

        由公式(2),浙江省及各地級(jí)市1999-2011年城市化進(jìn)程中產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地非農(nóng)化的協(xié)調(diào)耦合度見(jiàn)表1。

        (3)以2005年為分界,浙江省前半期產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地非農(nóng)化的協(xié)調(diào)耦合度改善速度普遍明顯快于后半期(見(jiàn)表2),后勁不足問(wèn)題顯現(xiàn)。1999-2005年,浙江省產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地非農(nóng)化的整體協(xié)調(diào)耦合度由0.54增至0.69,增幅為0.15,而2005-2011年增幅為0.07,不足前期一半。各個(gè)地級(jí)市中,只有寧波和湖州2005年之前和之后

        的D值增量降幅較小,分別相差0.01和0.02,溫州、紹興和金華后半期D值增量為前半期的三分之一左右,舟山、臺(tái)州和麗水的增量降幅更大。隨著協(xié)調(diào)耦合度絕對(duì)量的增大,D值增速降低應(yīng)屬正?,F(xiàn)象,但多數(shù)城市增量下降過(guò)大、過(guò)早。如浙江南部五市2005年之后D值仍有十分大的上升空間和必要,而溫州、衢州和臺(tái)州2007年之后D值上升趨于停滯,協(xié)調(diào)耦合度最低的麗水市在2010年一度出現(xiàn)倒退現(xiàn)象。其他城市協(xié)調(diào)耦合度處于相似水平時(shí),上升速度要快得多。反映出,促進(jìn)浙江省產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地協(xié)調(diào)非農(nóng)化的難度在上升。

        2.2 浙江省非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與建成區(qū)面積的重心轉(zhuǎn)移

        2.3 產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地非農(nóng)化協(xié)調(diào)耦合度的影響因素

        地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平和自然資源條件顯著影響城市化狀況[2, 15-16]。本文選取人均GDP、人均財(cái)政收入代表地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平,人均公共服務(wù)支出、第一產(chǎn)業(yè)從業(yè)比例、城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)民人均純收入代表社會(huì)發(fā)展水平,人均土地面積(浙江省礦產(chǎn)、能源資源匱乏)代表資源稟賦,運(yùn)用皮爾遜(Pearson)雙尾相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn),分析與2011年浙江省產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地非農(nóng)化協(xié)調(diào)耦合度的相關(guān)性。各因素P值和皮爾遜相關(guān)系數(shù)見(jiàn)表3。表中指標(biāo)都通過(guò)了顯著性檢驗(yàn),其中代表地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與效率的人均GDP和人均財(cái)政收入與產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口、土地非農(nóng)化協(xié)調(diào)耦合度呈高度正相關(guān)。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展會(huì)吸引農(nóng)村人口流向城市,提高人口城鎮(zhèn)化率[14],并在帶動(dòng)城市用地?cái)U(kuò)張的同時(shí)增加單位土地投入和產(chǎn)出能力[17]。因此,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平是促進(jìn)區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地協(xié)調(diào)非農(nóng)化的基本動(dòng)力。

        農(nóng)民人均純收入、城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和人均公共服務(wù)支出等社會(huì)因素對(duì)城市化三要素的協(xié)調(diào)耦合度具有顯著正相關(guān)作用,第一產(chǎn)業(yè)占社會(huì)總就業(yè)比重與其呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。由于浙江省農(nóng)民兼業(yè)化普遍,農(nóng)民收入水平越高,一定程度上說(shuō)明農(nóng)民非農(nóng)就業(yè)參與程度越高,非農(nóng)化傾向越大,同時(shí)增強(qiáng)了其向城市遷移的能力。城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入高意味著城市對(duì)農(nóng)民具有更大的吸引力,促進(jìn)人口向城市遷移。人均公共服務(wù)支出可以體現(xiàn)地區(qū)社會(huì)保障水平和公共服務(wù)質(zhì)量,有利于人口城鎮(zhèn)化。人口城鎮(zhèn)化與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展存在互為因果的關(guān)系[19],二三產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)容量和比例的上升可以保障農(nóng)民進(jìn)城就業(yè)與收入,充足的

        勞動(dòng)力供給又促進(jìn)了城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和城市土地利用需求與方式的改變。浙北地區(qū)相對(duì)南部地區(qū)較高的農(nóng)民和城鎮(zhèn)居民收入、二三產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)比例和公共服務(wù)支出水平更好地促進(jìn)了產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地的協(xié)調(diào)非農(nóng)化。

        人均土地面積對(duì)協(xié)調(diào)耦合度具有負(fù)相關(guān)作用,可能的解釋是良好的土地資源稟賦刺激城市土地低效擴(kuò)張,而農(nóng)民擁有較多土地又會(huì)牽制其向城市遷移,阻礙人口城市化。如南部的麗水市是浙江省人均土地面積最大的地級(jí)市,其2011城市建成區(qū)面積是1999的3.52倍,擴(kuò)張速度僅次于紹興市,而非農(nóng)人口僅占總?cè)丝?7.2%,是浙江省各市中最低的。該市產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地非農(nóng)化尚處低協(xié)調(diào)耦合等級(jí),居全省末位。

        3 結(jié) 論

        產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地非農(nóng)化是城市化的基本內(nèi)涵,結(jié)合運(yùn)用協(xié)調(diào)耦合度模型和重心法,可以有效評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口、土地非農(nóng)化過(guò)程的綜合協(xié)調(diào)共生性和地區(qū)平衡性。對(duì)浙江省的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),1999-2011年,研究區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地非農(nóng)化的協(xié)調(diào)耦合度得到較快提升,全省由中協(xié)調(diào)耦合上升為較協(xié)調(diào)耦合等級(jí),說(shuō)明各要素之間正趨向互促互進(jìn)、相得益彰的良性有序發(fā)展。各地級(jí)市的協(xié)調(diào)耦合度都實(shí)現(xiàn)了升級(jí),其中嘉興和寧波一躍從中協(xié)調(diào)耦合跨入高協(xié)調(diào)耦合。但在協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展水平整體提高的同時(shí),地區(qū)差距未得到有效彌合,“北高南低,南北分化”明顯,其中麗水仍處于低協(xié)調(diào)耦合狀態(tài),臺(tái)州、衢州尚處于中協(xié)調(diào)耦合等級(jí);地區(qū)不平衡未得到有效改善,西北部人口非農(nóng)化速度領(lǐng)先、東北部產(chǎn)業(yè)非農(nóng)化較快、中南部土地非農(nóng)化超前,限制綜合協(xié)調(diào)耦合度的提高。

        2005年之后,研究區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口與土地協(xié)調(diào)耦合度提升速度大幅放緩,但特別是在南部諸市和湖州等市,仍有很大的提升空間和必要。協(xié)調(diào)耦合度和重心分布狀況及對(duì)相關(guān)影響因素的分析啟示我們,今后產(chǎn)業(yè)、人口和土地非農(nóng)化協(xié)調(diào)性的提高將依賴于各要素間非農(nóng)化相互作用和地區(qū)平衡性的改善。具體而言:①對(duì)于產(chǎn)業(yè)非農(nóng)化較快的東北部地區(qū),應(yīng)加快產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)型,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量,推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)一體化建設(shè),促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)居民共同分享經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展成果;②對(duì)于人口非農(nóng)化領(lǐng)先的西北部地區(qū),優(yōu)先發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè),增加就業(yè),擴(kuò)大失業(yè)、住房等社會(huì)保障覆蓋面,推進(jìn)進(jìn)城農(nóng)民工的市民化進(jìn)程;③對(duì)于產(chǎn)業(yè)與人口非農(nóng)化相對(duì)滯后、土地非農(nóng)化超前的中南部地區(qū),在鞏固農(nóng)業(yè)、提高農(nóng)業(yè)效益的同時(shí),積極促進(jìn)二三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,增加非農(nóng)就業(yè),改進(jìn)公共服務(wù),完善社會(huì)保障,吸引農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)向城市流動(dòng)。另一方面,通過(guò)規(guī)劃、用途管制等改善土地利用管理,控制城市低效蔓延。

        (編輯:徐天祥)

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        [13]Valerie I. The Penguin Dictionary of Physics[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 1996: 92-93.

        [14]Suzanne M, Chihwa K. A Residualbased Test of the Null of Cointegration in Panel Data [J]. Econometric Reviews, 1998, 17(1):57-84.

        [15]Tao R, Xu Z G. Urbanization, Rural Land System and Social Security for Migrants in China [J]. Journal of Development Studies, 2007, 43(7):1301-1320.

        [16]Domene E, Sauri D, Pares M. Urbanization and Sustainable Resource Use: The Case of Garden Watering in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona [J]. Urban Geography, 2005, 26(6):520-535.

        [17]曹廣忠,白曉.中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地經(jīng)濟(jì)密度的區(qū)位差異及影響因素:基于273個(gè)地級(jí)及以上城市的分析[J]. 中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2010,20(2):12-18.[Cao Guangzhong, Bai Xiao. On the Location Difference and Influencing Factors of the Economic Density of Urban Construction Land in China: Evidence from 273 Prefecturelevel Cities [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2010, 20(2):12-18.]

        [18]宋偉,陳百明,張英.中國(guó)村莊宅基地空心化評(píng)價(jià)及其影響因素[J]. 地理研究,2013,32(1):20-28. [Song Wei, Chen Baiming, Zhang Ying. Typical Survey and Analysis on Influencing Factors of Villagehollowing of Rural Housing Land in China [J]. Geographical Research, 2013, 32(1):20-28. ]

        [19]Lewis W A. Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor [J]. The Manchester School, 1954, 22(2):139-191.

        Abstract Deagriculturalization of industry, population and land use is the major connotation and outward manifestation of urbanization. And whether the nonagricultural process of the three key elements is well coordinated is Vitally important to the sustainability of urbanization. This paper quantitatively evaluated the coordinated coupling degree and special nonagricultural balance of the industry, population and land use in Zhejiang Province from 1999 to 2011 by using coordinated coupling model and centroid method, and analyzed the affecting factors through Pearson correlation test. The results indicate that: ① the coordinated coupling degree (CCD) of industry, population and land use deagriculturalization had achieved continuous improvement in Zhejiang which increased from 0.54 to 0.76 and entered a higher level, while an obvious gap existed between north Zhejiang and the south presenting a feature of “high north and low south”. ② After 2005, the improving velocity of CCD had slowed down sharply, implicating the increasing difficulty of promoting the coordination of the three elements during nonagricultural process. ③ Regional imbalance hadnt been effectively controlled. Specifically, northwestern Zhejiang is the fastest in population urbanization, and the northeast is the fastest area in industry deagriculturalization, while land use conversion in middle and southern Zhejiang is apparently in advance. The resisting spatial mismatch was playing a negative role in harmonious urbanization. ④ The levels of economy, resident income and public services, employment structure and land resource endowment are significant correlative factors to CCD. The further promotion of CCD relies on ameliorating the interactions among the elements of urbanization and the spatial balance. Specifically, the northeastern Zhejiang needs to focus on industrial updating and urbanrural integration, while northwest on the social security coverage and citizenization of migrant workers. For the middle and southern regions, apart from developing agriculture, more attention should be paid to expand secondary and tertiary industries, raise the standard of public services to absorb rural surplus labors, Optimize land use administration for urban sprawl control.

        Key words urbanization; industrial deagriculturalization; population urbanization; land use conversion; coordination; Zhejiang Province

        [17]曹廣忠,白曉.中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地經(jīng)濟(jì)密度的區(qū)位差異及影響因素:基于273個(gè)地級(jí)及以上城市的分析[J]. 中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2010,20(2):12-18.[Cao Guangzhong, Bai Xiao. On the Location Difference and Influencing Factors of the Economic Density of Urban Construction Land in China: Evidence from 273 Prefecturelevel Cities [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2010, 20(2):12-18.]

        [18]宋偉,陳百明,張英.中國(guó)村莊宅基地空心化評(píng)價(jià)及其影響因素[J]. 地理研究,2013,32(1):20-28. [Song Wei, Chen Baiming, Zhang Ying. Typical Survey and Analysis on Influencing Factors of Villagehollowing of Rural Housing Land in China [J]. Geographical Research, 2013, 32(1):20-28. ]

        [19]Lewis W A. Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor [J]. The Manchester School, 1954, 22(2):139-191.

        Abstract Deagriculturalization of industry, population and land use is the major connotation and outward manifestation of urbanization. And whether the nonagricultural process of the three key elements is well coordinated is Vitally important to the sustainability of urbanization. This paper quantitatively evaluated the coordinated coupling degree and special nonagricultural balance of the industry, population and land use in Zhejiang Province from 1999 to 2011 by using coordinated coupling model and centroid method, and analyzed the affecting factors through Pearson correlation test. The results indicate that: ① the coordinated coupling degree (CCD) of industry, population and land use deagriculturalization had achieved continuous improvement in Zhejiang which increased from 0.54 to 0.76 and entered a higher level, while an obvious gap existed between north Zhejiang and the south presenting a feature of “high north and low south”. ② After 2005, the improving velocity of CCD had slowed down sharply, implicating the increasing difficulty of promoting the coordination of the three elements during nonagricultural process. ③ Regional imbalance hadnt been effectively controlled. Specifically, northwestern Zhejiang is the fastest in population urbanization, and the northeast is the fastest area in industry deagriculturalization, while land use conversion in middle and southern Zhejiang is apparently in advance. The resisting spatial mismatch was playing a negative role in harmonious urbanization. ④ The levels of economy, resident income and public services, employment structure and land resource endowment are significant correlative factors to CCD. The further promotion of CCD relies on ameliorating the interactions among the elements of urbanization and the spatial balance. Specifically, the northeastern Zhejiang needs to focus on industrial updating and urbanrural integration, while northwest on the social security coverage and citizenization of migrant workers. For the middle and southern regions, apart from developing agriculture, more attention should be paid to expand secondary and tertiary industries, raise the standard of public services to absorb rural surplus labors, Optimize land use administration for urban sprawl control.

        Key words urbanization; industrial deagriculturalization; population urbanization; land use conversion; coordination; Zhejiang Province

        [17]曹廣忠,白曉.中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地經(jīng)濟(jì)密度的區(qū)位差異及影響因素:基于273個(gè)地級(jí)及以上城市的分析[J]. 中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2010,20(2):12-18.[Cao Guangzhong, Bai Xiao. On the Location Difference and Influencing Factors of the Economic Density of Urban Construction Land in China: Evidence from 273 Prefecturelevel Cities [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2010, 20(2):12-18.]

        [18]宋偉,陳百明,張英.中國(guó)村莊宅基地空心化評(píng)價(jià)及其影響因素[J]. 地理研究,2013,32(1):20-28. [Song Wei, Chen Baiming, Zhang Ying. Typical Survey and Analysis on Influencing Factors of Villagehollowing of Rural Housing Land in China [J]. Geographical Research, 2013, 32(1):20-28. ]

        [19]Lewis W A. Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor [J]. The Manchester School, 1954, 22(2):139-191.

        Abstract Deagriculturalization of industry, population and land use is the major connotation and outward manifestation of urbanization. And whether the nonagricultural process of the three key elements is well coordinated is Vitally important to the sustainability of urbanization. This paper quantitatively evaluated the coordinated coupling degree and special nonagricultural balance of the industry, population and land use in Zhejiang Province from 1999 to 2011 by using coordinated coupling model and centroid method, and analyzed the affecting factors through Pearson correlation test. The results indicate that: ① the coordinated coupling degree (CCD) of industry, population and land use deagriculturalization had achieved continuous improvement in Zhejiang which increased from 0.54 to 0.76 and entered a higher level, while an obvious gap existed between north Zhejiang and the south presenting a feature of “high north and low south”. ② After 2005, the improving velocity of CCD had slowed down sharply, implicating the increasing difficulty of promoting the coordination of the three elements during nonagricultural process. ③ Regional imbalance hadnt been effectively controlled. Specifically, northwestern Zhejiang is the fastest in population urbanization, and the northeast is the fastest area in industry deagriculturalization, while land use conversion in middle and southern Zhejiang is apparently in advance. The resisting spatial mismatch was playing a negative role in harmonious urbanization. ④ The levels of economy, resident income and public services, employment structure and land resource endowment are significant correlative factors to CCD. The further promotion of CCD relies on ameliorating the interactions among the elements of urbanization and the spatial balance. Specifically, the northeastern Zhejiang needs to focus on industrial updating and urbanrural integration, while northwest on the social security coverage and citizenization of migrant workers. For the middle and southern regions, apart from developing agriculture, more attention should be paid to expand secondary and tertiary industries, raise the standard of public services to absorb rural surplus labors, Optimize land use administration for urban sprawl control.

        Key words urbanization; industrial deagriculturalization; population urbanization; land use conversion; coordination; Zhejiang Province

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