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教學(xué)內(nèi)容

本節(jié)課所授內(nèi)容是2013年教育部審定的，由教育科學(xué)出版社出版的義務(wù)教育教科書（五·四學(xué)制）英語七年級(jí)下冊第十一單元第三課，本節(jié)課是一節(jié)語法課，要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分和運(yùn)用must, have to, dont have to, must not。通過本課的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生熟練運(yùn)用這4個(gè)詞進(jìn)行本單元的話題討論。

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

（1） 知識(shí)目標(biāo)：

詞匯: environment, ourselves, stair, anyone

句型: Parents must try to understand their children more.

She has to study for the final exams.

I dont have to go to school on Sundays.

I mustnt be late for school.

（2） 能力目標(biāo):

學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分和運(yùn)用must, have to, dont have to, must not, 并能用這4個(gè)詞進(jìn)行本單元的話題討論。

（3） 情感目標(biāo):

通過活動(dòng)，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)善于與父母、老師和同學(xué)溝通，敢于表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，同時(shí)也學(xué)會(huì)尊重他人的觀點(diǎn)。

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：區(qū)分和運(yùn)用must, have to, dont have to, must not。

教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：準(zhǔn)確使用dont have to和must not及have to有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

教學(xué)過程：

Step1 Lead in

T: All the parents love their children and they expect to understand their children more, right?

Ss: Yes.

T: Then, please choose the correct answer. Parents _____ try to understand their children more. ( must / have to)

Ss: Must.

T: Thats right. “must”表示“必須”“一定要”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀意愿，多指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r。

Ss: Why cant we use “have to” in this sentence?

T: If you use “have to”, it means parents dont care for their children but others make them do this. Thats wrong. “have to” 表示“不得不”“只好”，表示客觀上的必要性。此句若用了“have to”，則表示父母本不關(guān)心孩子，只是外界或他人要求他們這樣做，他們不得不做，所以選“have to”不合情理。

T: Now, look at this one. Please choose the correct answer. Change the word forms if necessary. She _____ study for the final exams. ( must / have to)

Ss: Have to.

T: You are wrong. Pay attention to “she”.

Ss: Has to.

T: Thats right. 注意：have to有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must則沒有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。Why cant we use “must” in this sentence?

Ss: Because the final exams are coming and she wants to get a good mark. Though she wants to play, she still studies for the final exams.

T: Well done.

Step2 New words

T: First, guess the meaning of the phrases, working environment, school environment, family environment and friendly environment.

Ss:工作環(huán)境、學(xué)校環(huán)境、家庭環(huán)境和……（最后一個(gè)學(xué)生猜測困難，教師可以給出提示或答案“友好氛圍”。）

T: Then, look at this sentence. Please choose the correct answer. We _____ protect the environment for future generation. （ must / have to）

Ss: Must.

T: Right. Please explain the reason.

Ss: We all hope to have a good environment. We all do it actively to protect the environment.

T: Good job. Then, look at the sentences.

We ______do our homework ourselves. （ must / have to）

The elevator is broken, so I ________ climb the stairs. （must / have to）

Without anyone knowing, I _____find out the truth myself.（ must / have to）

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：用同樣的方式講解其他單詞，可以讓學(xué)生更清楚這些單詞的用法及must和have to的區(qū)別，并準(zhǔn)確地應(yīng)用。）

Step3 Structure

T: Watch the two sentences carefully and find the difference between “dont have to” and “mustnt”.

I dont have to go to school on Sundays.

I mustnt be late for school.

Ss: 第一句是“我周日不必上學(xué)”，第二句是“我一定不要上學(xué)遲到”。

T：Good. “mustnt”譯為“不得”“一定不要”，而“dont have to”譯為“不必”“沒必要”，第一句是周日休息所以不必上學(xué)，而第二句上學(xué)不得遲到是規(guī)定，是必須執(zhí)行的。

T: Then，complete Exercise C.

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：讓學(xué)生通過觀察，總結(jié)出兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別和具體用法，然后進(jìn)行鞏固練習(xí)。）

Step4 Exercises

T: First, finish Exercise A and Exercise B. Then check out the answers.

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Ss: （Tell the answers one by one.）

補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：

Fill in the blanks with must, have to, dont have to and mustnt. Change the word forms if necessary.

1. We ________remember the date of the next meeting.

2. I _________ tell him the truth at last.

3. Susan _________ go to the station this tomorrow.

4. He _________ go to work on Sundays.

5. When the traffic lights are red, the people ________ cross the street.

6. Were going to eat out. We _______ cook dinner.

7. Amy ________ study yesterday because she has a test today.

8. You have a cold, so you _______ go out to play with your friends.

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過補(bǔ)充練習(xí)，除了讓學(xué)生能夠準(zhǔn)確選詞外，還要注意用have to 和dont have to 的時(shí)候，要考慮人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。）

Step5 Discuss in groups

T: Work and discuss in groups of four. First, you can choose a topic about your parents and your classmates that you understand well. Then, you must use the four words “must, have to, dont have to and mustnt” to make sentences and write them down. Finally, one or two of the groups show their sentences in class.

Topic: Advice that your parents got from their parents.Advice about how to get on well with your parents and your classmates. The school rules.

Ss: Parents must understand that kids are just kids.

We all know we must study hard to succeed in life.

We mustnt play computer games in class.

I have cleaned the classroom. You dont have to clean it.

If you are so busy tomorrow, you wont have to come to my party.

The exam is coming. Liu Chang has to go over again and again.

T: Underline the verbs which are behind the four words “must, have to, dont have to and mustnt”. What can you find out?

Ss: must, have to, dont have to，must not + do

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過小組活動(dòng)，讓學(xué)生既學(xué)會(huì)這4個(gè)詞的用法，又學(xué)會(huì)怎樣與父母、老師和同學(xué)溝通，敢于表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，同時(shí)也學(xué)會(huì)尊重他人的觀點(diǎn)。）

Step6 Sum up

T: Please sum up what we have learned today. You can speak in Chinese.

Ss: 不同點(diǎn)：“must”表示“必須”“一定要”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀意愿，多指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r;“have to” 表示“不得不”“只好”，表示客觀上的必要性; “mustnt”譯為“不得”“一定不要”，而“dont have to”譯為“不必”“沒必要”; have to和dont haveto有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must和mustnt則沒有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。共同點(diǎn)：其后都接動(dòng)詞原形。

T: Perfect!

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：由學(xué)生來總結(jié)本課知識(shí)點(diǎn)的具體用法、重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)及注意事項(xiàng)，可以更好地了解學(xué)生的掌握情況，為二次備課做好準(zhǔn)備工作。)

Step7 Homework

整理小組討論的話題，寫出你用這4個(gè)詞可以全面了解全班同學(xué)的語法掌握情況，同時(shí)，也可以用選擇好的編題對學(xué)生進(jìn)行再次檢測。

設(shè)計(jì)至少4個(gè)題，分別用這4個(gè)詞must, have to, dont have to和must not的正確形式填空。

（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：第一項(xiàng)作業(yè)可以全面了解全班學(xué)生的語法掌握情況，彌補(bǔ)課堂小組展示時(shí)間不足的問題。第二項(xiàng)作業(yè)是針對有能力的學(xué)生留的，體現(xiàn)分層次作業(yè)，同時(shí)可以選擇好的編題對學(xué)生進(jìn)行再次檢測。）

板書設(shè)計(jì)：

Unit 11 Across Generations

Lesson 3 Structure

Parents must try to understand their children more.

She has to study for the final exams.

I dont have to go to school on Sundays.

I mustnt be late for school.

Note：must, have to, dont have to，must not + do

教學(xué)反思：

本課是語法教學(xué)，一般來說學(xué)生在課堂上會(huì)感到枯燥無味、沒有興趣，所以我在課堂上盡量讓學(xué)生成為主體，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)分析、發(fā)現(xiàn)、解決問題，并學(xué)會(huì)總結(jié)規(guī)律，充分調(diào)動(dòng)他們的學(xué)習(xí)熱情，同時(shí)，小組討論也激發(fā)了他們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)合作的樂趣，提高了學(xué)生在實(shí)際生活中的綜合語言應(yīng)用能力。在整體設(shè)計(jì)上，由易到難，分散了難點(diǎn)，把難點(diǎn)各個(gè)擊破，讓學(xué)生更容易掌握。作業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)可以全面了解全班學(xué)生的語法掌握情況，同時(shí)，也可以選擇好的句子經(jīng)過改編成題后，對學(xué)生進(jìn)行再次檢測。

通過本課教學(xué)課后反思，我認(rèn)為第六步驟和第五步驟互換可能效果更好一些，學(xué)生先總結(jié)本課知識(shí)點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，后面的小組討論和小組展示的準(zhǔn)確率就可以高一些，也可以讓學(xué)生更多地體驗(yàn)成功的喜悅。另外，有部分小組討論后呈現(xiàn)的句子比較少，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生的生活經(jīng)歷少，在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)還不能組織太多的句子。所以，可以在組織討論之前，先給學(xué)生部分短語，（比如：be late for class, chat in class, keep quiet in the library, be afraid of failure, see the doctor, help parents do housework, understand parents等）然后再讓學(xué)生在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行討論和補(bǔ)充，比一比哪組補(bǔ)充的多并且語境還好，這樣做的好處是既幫助學(xué)生打開了思路，又產(chǎn)生了良性競爭，可以對學(xué)生進(jìn)行潛移默化的情感教育，將品德教育注入日常教學(xué)中，則效果會(huì)更好。

此外，我認(rèn)為把第五步驟的總結(jié)這4個(gè)詞后面接動(dòng)詞原形的用法，應(yīng)該放到第一步驟后，讓學(xué)生觀察后馬上總結(jié)即可。因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形不是新的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，在六年級(jí)時(shí)就講解過，所以在預(yù)設(shè)時(shí)，我沒有把它當(dāng)成難點(diǎn)，在習(xí)題的設(shè)置上，這4個(gè)詞后面接動(dòng)詞原形的題沒有設(shè)置太多。但是在做習(xí)題時(shí)，尤其是選擇題和綜合題時(shí)，這反而成了部分學(xué)生的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，他們把這4個(gè)詞的用法和一些動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式的用法混了（非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法是七年上學(xué)期學(xué)的）。所以，在課后應(yīng)該補(bǔ)充一些綜合題來鞏固這一用法。比如，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

1. I enjoy _________ football.（play）

2. We are looking forward to _______ Beijing.（visit）

3. You dont have to _______there early.（get）The shop opens at 9:00a.m.

4. My dad allowed me __________ to the party. （go）

5. I must _________ now. （go） Its 9:00p.m.

6. We mustnt _________ snacks at the movie. （eat）

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