郭別川 柯敏 田朕 韓芳芳
【應(yīng)用研究】
多焦點(diǎn)人工晶狀體和單焦點(diǎn)非球面人工晶狀體植入術(shù)后患者視功能及生存質(zhì)量比較
郭別川 柯敏 田朕 韓芳芳
Accepted date:Jun 5,2014
From theDepartmentofOphthalmology,ZhongnanHospitalofWuhanUniversity,Wuhan430071,HubeiProvince,China
Responsible author:KE Min,E-mail:keminyk@163.com
白內(nèi)障;單焦點(diǎn)非球面人工晶狀體;多焦點(diǎn)人工晶狀體;生存質(zhì)量;視功能
目的 比較植入多焦點(diǎn)人工晶狀體(intraocular lens,IOL)和單焦點(diǎn)非球面IOL對(duì)單純白內(nèi)障患者術(shù)后視功能及生存質(zhì)量的影響。方法 采用前瞻性和回顧性調(diào)查研究,共納入72例(144眼)老年性白內(nèi)障患者,均行超聲乳化聯(lián)合IOL植入術(shù),其中20例植入折疊式多焦點(diǎn)IOL(多焦點(diǎn)IOL組),52例植入折疊式單焦點(diǎn)非球面IOL(單焦點(diǎn)IOL組),問(wèn)卷調(diào)查并比較患者術(shù)前和術(shù)后6個(gè)月的視功能及生存質(zhì)量。結(jié)果 術(shù)后兩組患者總體視功能及生存質(zhì)量之間的差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05),但較術(shù)前均有提高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05)。在活動(dòng)能力、社會(huì)交際能力和心理健康方面,單焦點(diǎn)非球面IOL植入后卻表現(xiàn)出較為明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05);多焦點(diǎn)IOL的術(shù)后脫鏡率明顯高于單焦點(diǎn)非球面IOL(P<0.05);而在術(shù)后視功能、生存質(zhì)量的其他具體方面(與視力有關(guān)的日?;顒?dòng)限制、周邊視野、感覺(jué)適應(yīng)、立體覺(jué)和自理能力),兩組之間的差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05)。結(jié)論 單焦點(diǎn)IOL和多焦點(diǎn)IOL在改變視功能和生存質(zhì)量方面總體效果相同,但多焦點(diǎn)IOL在患者脫鏡方面有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),而單焦晶狀體在價(jià)格上表現(xiàn)出比較明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[眼科新進(jìn)展,2014,34(11):1052-1054]
為了同時(shí)滿足白內(nèi)障患者視遠(yuǎn)和視近的要求,多焦點(diǎn)人工晶狀體(intraocular lens,IOL)正越來(lái)越多地應(yīng)用于臨床[1]。多焦點(diǎn)IOL為了實(shí)現(xiàn)其主要功能,把光能分為了視遠(yuǎn)和視近兩部分分配至不同的衍射環(huán)[2]。大量研究表明,和單焦點(diǎn)IOL相比,多焦點(diǎn)IOL在提高患者視近功能方面有著明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)[3-6],但該優(yōu)勢(shì)能否掩蓋多焦點(diǎn)IOL在視光上的副作用和主觀感覺(jué)上的適應(yīng)障礙仍存在較大爭(zhēng)議[7-10]。本研究對(duì)植入不同類型的多焦點(diǎn)IOL和單焦點(diǎn)非球面IOL患者術(shù)后的視功能及生存質(zhì)量進(jìn)行研究對(duì)比,從生物-心理-社會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)模式的角度評(píng)價(jià)患者預(yù)后,指導(dǎo)患者選擇合適的IOL。
1.1 一般資料 選擇2012年9月至2013年9月在我院診斷為年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障并接受白內(nèi)障超聲乳化聯(lián)合IOL植入術(shù)患者72例(144眼),分別植入折疊式多焦點(diǎn)IOL(20例)和折疊式單焦點(diǎn)非球面IOL(52例)。術(shù)前排除患有眼底疾病(包括黃斑變性、色素變性和視網(wǎng)膜裂孔等)、青光眼、角膜疾病等患者,并排除角膜散光>1.5 D及術(shù)中出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥者?;颊唠p眼白內(nèi)障手術(shù)時(shí)間間隔為15 d~2個(gè)月,術(shù)后隨訪6個(gè)月。多焦點(diǎn)IOL組中,男14例,女6例;單焦點(diǎn)IOL組中,男18例,女34例;兩組間性別比例差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.009);多焦點(diǎn)IOL組患者年齡(71.27±8.21)歲,單焦點(diǎn)IOL組為(74.00±12.57)歲,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.283)。
1.2 手術(shù)方法 單焦點(diǎn)IOL組患者雙眼植入的非球面IOL包括Tecnis ZCB00、Akreos Adapt-AO IOL;多焦點(diǎn)IOL組患者雙眼植入了Tecnis ZMA00和AcrySof? IQ ReSTOR?多焦點(diǎn)IOL。術(shù)前常規(guī)全身檢查,同時(shí)進(jìn)行眼科檢查,包括角膜曲率、角膜地形圖、IOL Master、IOL度數(shù)測(cè)量(晶狀體過(guò)于混濁而無(wú)法通過(guò)IOL Master測(cè)量時(shí),此患者經(jīng)三名研究者評(píng)估后排除于研究)、黃斑OCT檢查,復(fù)方托吡卡胺滴眼液擴(kuò)瞳,常規(guī)消毒鋪巾,鹽酸丙美卡因滴眼液表面麻醉,開(kāi)瞼,根據(jù)患者的角膜地形圖選擇平行于角膜陡峭軸作3.0 mm透明角膜主切口,3點(diǎn)鐘方向做透明角膜輔助側(cè)切口,前房注入黏彈劑,連續(xù)環(huán)形撕囊后水分離、分層,超聲乳化吸出晶狀體核及皮質(zhì),注吸殘余皮質(zhì),后囊膜拋光,黏彈劑分離前房及囊袋內(nèi)注入黏彈劑,植入折疊型IOL于囊袋內(nèi),調(diào)整至正位,吸除前房黏彈劑,恢復(fù)前房至正常深淺,妥布霉素/地塞米松眼膏涂眼,術(shù)畢。術(shù)后給予患者局部抗炎處理1個(gè)月。所有手術(shù)均由同一名醫(yī)師操作完成。
1.3 問(wèn)卷調(diào)查 所有患者的術(shù)前問(wèn)卷均在患者入院時(shí)當(dāng)面問(wèn)詢完成,術(shù)后問(wèn)卷在術(shù)后半年通過(guò)當(dāng)面或電話回訪完成,問(wèn)卷采用世界衛(wèi)生組織和美國(guó)眼科研究所面向發(fā)展中國(guó)家開(kāi)發(fā)的“視功能生存質(zhì)量量表”[11]。量表分為兩部分,第1部分為視功能量表,第2部分為生存質(zhì)量量表。視功能量表用于測(cè)定視力特異性的生存質(zhì)量狀態(tài),例如立體覺(jué)、明適應(yīng)、暗適應(yīng)等。生存質(zhì)量量表用于測(cè)定包括自理、活動(dòng)、社交、心理等總體生存質(zhì)量狀態(tài)。視功能問(wèn)卷由 13個(gè)問(wèn)題組成,測(cè)定了以下幾個(gè)指標(biāo):(1)與視力有關(guān)的日?;顒?dòng)限制;(2)周邊視野;(3)感覺(jué)適應(yīng),包括明暗適應(yīng)、視力尋找、顏色分辯、閃爍適應(yīng);(4)立體覺(jué);(5)患者戴鏡與否。生存質(zhì)量問(wèn)卷由12個(gè)問(wèn)題組成,主要測(cè)定以下4個(gè)指標(biāo),自理能力(洗澡、自己吃飯、穿衣服和上廁所),活動(dòng)能力(走到鄰居家、買東西、做家務(wù)),社交(參加婚禮、過(guò)節(jié)日等社交活動(dòng)、看朋友),心理(別人的負(fù)擔(dān)、情緒低落、做事無(wú)信心)。在自理能力和活動(dòng)能力部分,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于視力的原因,并且是在沒(méi)有人幫助的情況下。調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的計(jì)分方法按照劉杰為[12]《視功能生存質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)量表》方法計(jì)分,最終0代表最大困難程度,100代表最小困難程度,即分?jǐn)?shù)越高,主觀視功能和生存質(zhì)量狀態(tài)越好。
2.1 一般結(jié)果 兩組患者雖然男女性別比存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,但該差異對(duì)于患者術(shù)后的視功能和生存質(zhì)量均無(wú)影響(P=0.915、0.448),術(shù)后男、女視功能評(píng)分分別為46.378±21.079、46.761±21.490,生存質(zhì)量評(píng)分分別為58.724±16.141、60.990±18.926。
2.2 問(wèn)卷調(diào)查結(jié)果 通過(guò)對(duì)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的綜合分析,多焦點(diǎn)IOL組患者和單焦點(diǎn)IOL患者術(shù)前視功能值差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.016);兩組生存質(zhì)量值差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.128)。兩組患者術(shù)后視功能和生存質(zhì)量較術(shù)前均顯著提高,差異均有顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05,見(jiàn)表1-表2),而術(shù)后兩組間總體差異并無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05)。兩組患者在術(shù)后周邊視野、立體覺(jué)、與視力相關(guān)的日常生活限制、感覺(jué)適應(yīng)能力和自理能力方面差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05),而單焦點(diǎn)IOL組的患者在活動(dòng)能力、社會(huì)交際能力和心理健康方面體現(xiàn)出明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05),而從脫鏡率來(lái)看,多焦點(diǎn)IOL組明顯高于單焦點(diǎn)IOL組(P<0.05,見(jiàn)表3)。
表1 單焦點(diǎn)非球面IOL植入術(shù)前后視功能及生存質(zhì)量對(duì)比
Table 1 Comparison of visual function and survival quality for implanting aspheric monofocal IOL before and after cataract surgery
Pre-operationPost-operationtPVisualfunction28.322±19.28761.189±11.769-10.4900.000Survivalquality47.997±21.92870.513±7.645-6.9920.000
表2 多焦點(diǎn)IOL植入術(shù)前后視功能及生存質(zhì)量對(duì)比
Table 2 Comparison of visual function and survival quality for implanting aspheric multifocal IOL before and after cataract surgery
Pre-operationPost-operationtPVisualfunction39.773±12.21762.955±6.842-7.4040.000Survivalquality55.833±9.20867.917±7.037-4.6630.000
表3 患者術(shù)后視功能及生存質(zhì)量情況
Table 3 Comparison of visual function and survival quality after implanting different kinds of IOL after cataract surgery
MonofocalIOLgroupMultifocalIOLgrouptorchi-squarevaluePSpectacle-independentrate/%10/52(19.2%)13/20(65.0%)13.9180.001Restrictionofdailyactivitiesrelatingtovisualability62.981±13.77466.875±7.614-1.1930.237Peripheralvisualfield1.346±0.6221.300±0.6570.2780.782Sensoryadaptation59.615±13.00861.875±6.049-0.7440.459Formsense1.192±0.3981.300±0.470-0.9770.332Self-careability71.154±14.75773.750±2.565-0.7790.439Activityability71.154±8.16266.667±7.6472.1250.037Communicativeability73.077±6.72768.750±10.3402.0890.040Mentality67.308±9.31360.833±15.7882.1510.035Visualfunction61.189±11.76962.955±6.842-0.6300.531Survivalquality70.513±7.64567.917±7.0371.3180.192
本研究對(duì)年齡相關(guān)性白內(nèi)障并接受白內(nèi)障超聲乳化聯(lián)合IOL植入術(shù)患者術(shù)后進(jìn)行了6個(gè)月的調(diào)查研究,對(duì)多焦點(diǎn)IOL和單焦點(diǎn)IOL使用者術(shù)后視功能和生存質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究。兩組患者中男女比例存在差異,然而通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)性別差異對(duì)視功能和生存質(zhì)量并無(wú)影響。調(diào)查顯示患者術(shù)后的視功能和生存質(zhì)量明顯優(yōu)于術(shù)前,顯示出白內(nèi)障手術(shù)的必要性。調(diào)查研究顯示兩組患者視功能和生存質(zhì)量并沒(méi)有明顯的差異,表明單焦點(diǎn)IOL和多焦點(diǎn)IOL對(duì)患者術(shù)后的視功能和生存質(zhì)量改變基本相似。出現(xiàn)此種情況,與每位患者的術(shù)前期望值相關(guān)[13-14],術(shù)前老視的出現(xiàn),絕大多數(shù)老年患者已經(jīng)習(xí)慣視遠(yuǎn),而慢慢忽略了視近功能,術(shù)前的期望值較低,所以植入單焦點(diǎn)IOL后,反而更符合術(shù)前的生活習(xí)慣[15]。另外,單焦點(diǎn)非球面IOL價(jià)格約為多焦點(diǎn)IOL的一半,價(jià)格上的差異也越易讓患者達(dá)到自己的術(shù)前期望[16]。植入單焦點(diǎn)IOL的患者術(shù)后活動(dòng)能力、社會(huì)交際能力和心理健康方面優(yōu)于多焦點(diǎn)IOL植入者,可能由于多焦點(diǎn)IOL術(shù)后易出現(xiàn)夜晚眩光,白天閃光,對(duì)比敏感度較低,術(shù)后恢復(fù)、調(diào)整時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)有關(guān)[17-18],同時(shí)也由于術(shù)后效果達(dá)到或超乎患者術(shù)前較低的期望值時(shí),該患者的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷答案往往偏向積極方面[13]。植入多焦點(diǎn)IOL患者的完全脫鏡率明顯高于單焦點(diǎn)非球面IOL,正如多焦點(diǎn)IOL的設(shè)計(jì)理念一樣,滿足患者脫鏡而能夠視近和視遠(yuǎn)的要求[19]。
本研究表明,單焦點(diǎn)IOL和多焦點(diǎn)IOL都能夠很好地提高白內(nèi)障患者的視功能和生存質(zhì)量,二者皆能基本滿足白內(nèi)障患者的日常生活需求,對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)講,單焦點(diǎn)IOL和多焦點(diǎn)IOL并無(wú)差異,單焦點(diǎn)IOL更能夠符合普遍大眾需求。而對(duì)于強(qiáng)烈要求術(shù)后脫鏡患者,多焦點(diǎn)IOL是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。
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date:Feb 28,2014
Comparison of visual functions and quality of life with aspheric monofocal intraocular lenses and aspheric multifocal intraocular lenses after bilateral cataract surgery
GUO Bie-Chuan,KE Min,TIAN Zhen,HAN Fang-Fang
cataract;monofocal IOL;multifocal IOL;survival quality;visual function
Objective To compare the effects of aspheric monofocal intraocular lenses(IOL) and aspheric multifocal IOL on visual functions and survival quality after bilateral cataract surgery.Methods It was a prospective and retrospective investigation.Seventy-two patients(144 eyes) were divided into two groups:multifocal IOL group(20 cases) and aspheric monofocal IOL group(52 cases).The scores of patients’ preoperative visual function and survival quality and their postoperative score after 6 months were recorded.Results After implantation of aspheric monofocal IOL and aspheric multifocal IOL,patients in both of two groups improved their visual function and quality of life(allP<0.05).Little difference of outcomes exists but without statistical significance between two groups(allP>0.05).The aspheric monofocal IOL group showed obvious advantages on postoperative activity ability,social communication ability and mental health(allP<0.05).And the rate of spectacle independence in aspheric multifocal IOL group was much higher than the other group(P<0.05).No significant difference on other aspects of visual function and quality of life was found between two groups(allP>0.05).Conclusion Aspheric monofocal IOL and aspheric multifocal IOL have the same advantages in improving the visual function and quality of life.While aspheric multifocal IOLs provide greater spectacle independence than monofocal IOL,monofocal IOL provide less consumption cost.
郭別川,柯敏,田朕,韓芳芳.多焦點(diǎn)人工晶狀體和單焦點(diǎn)非球面人工晶狀體植入術(shù)后患者視功能及生存質(zhì)量比較[J].眼科新進(jìn)展,2014,34(11):1052-1054.
10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0291
郭別川,男,1987年8月出生,湖北隨州人,在讀碩士研究生。主要從事眼底病及白內(nèi)障發(fā)病機(jī)制研究。聯(lián)系電話:027-67812735;E-mail:gbc870829@126.com
About GUO Bie-Chuan:Male,born in August,1987.Postgraduate student.Tel:+ 86-27-67812735;E-mail:gbc870829@126.com
2014-02-28
430071 湖北省武漢市,武漢大學(xué)中南醫(yī)院眼科
柯敏,E-mail:keminyk@163.com
修回日期:2014-06-05
本文編輯:周志新
[Rec Adv Ophthalmol,2014,34(11):1052-1054]