廖茂良+葉銀燕+熊婭琳
[摘要] 目的 探討切除修復(fù)交叉互補(bǔ)基因 1(ERCC1) 和核苷酸還原酶M1亞基(RRM1) 表達(dá)與Ⅱ~Ⅳ期非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)術(shù)后吉西他濱聯(lián)合順鉑(GP方案)輔助化療預(yù)后的關(guān)系。方法 實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法檢測ERCC1、RRM1表達(dá),Cox回歸分析篩選影響預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子,Kaplan -Meier生存曲線分析比較各組患者的中位生存時(shí)間。結(jié)果 TNM分期、術(shù)后輔助化療與否、手術(shù)徹底程度為影響術(shù)后生存時(shí)間的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子。 ERCC1或RRM1低表達(dá)組中化療患者中位生存期顯著優(yōu)于未化療患者(P 均<0.01)。結(jié)論 ERCC1或RRM1低表達(dá)的NSCLC患者更能從GP方案化療中受益。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 非小細(xì)胞肺癌;吉西他濱/順鉑;ERCC1;RRM1
[中圖分類號] R734.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701(2014)17-0137-04
Effects of expression of ERCC1, RRM1 on survival trend of stage Ⅱ~Ⅳ non small cell lung cancer with gemcitabine combine cisplatin chemotherapy after surgical resection
LIAO Maoliang YE Yinyan XIONG Yalin
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cixi Union Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Cixi 315301, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of expression of excision repair cross complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1(RRM1) on prognosis of stage Ⅱ~Ⅳ non small cell lung cancer with gemcitabine combine cisplatin chemotherapy after Surgical Resection. Methods Real-time PCR was performed to investigate ERCC1, RRM1 expression. Cox proportional regression analysis was used to screen independent prognostic risk factors for survival. The median survival time among groups were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results TNM stage, chemotherapy after surgical resection andthe extent of tumor resection were independent prognostic factors. In the group with low expression of ERCC1 or RRM1, the median survival time of patients who had received postoperative chemotherapy was significantly improved (P<0.01). Conclusion The NSCLC patients with low expression of ERCC1 or low expression of RRM1 get more probablely benefits from postoperative gemcitabine combine cisplatin chemotherapy.
[Key words] Non small cell lung cancer; Gemcitabine/cisplatin; ERCC1; RRM1
絕大部分肺癌獲得診斷時(shí)均已到臨床Ⅱ期及以上,診斷時(shí)單純手術(shù)根治的機(jī)會(huì)亦較小,術(shù)后通常需要輔助化療來改善預(yù)后[1]。近年來,多項(xiàng)國際臨床研究已初步證實(shí)輔助化療能改善術(shù)后非小細(xì)胞肺癌 (non small cell lung cancer,NSCLC) 患者的生存[1-3]。然而,目前研究的輔助化療方案僅能使近25%~30%的患者在長期生存中獲益[4-6]。因此,如何選擇最佳化療方案、以實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)體化治療策略、提高輔助化療療效,成為研究的新課題。研究表明[7-9],切除修復(fù)交叉互補(bǔ)基因1(ERCC1)是與鉑類耐藥性相關(guān)的分子預(yù)測標(biāo)記、核苷酸還原酶M1亞基(RRM1)與吉西他濱(gemcitabine,GEMZ) 耐藥相關(guān)的分子標(biāo)記物。目前普遍認(rèn)為,ERCC1、RRM1基因均與細(xì)胞內(nèi)核苷酸切除修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的DNA損傷修復(fù)有關(guān),因此也被認(rèn)為可能與化療個(gè)體化差異有關(guān)。目前臨床中常用的輔助化療方案中,吉西他濱聯(lián)合順鉑(GP)方案為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化治療方案之一。為明確常見分子標(biāo)記物對NSCLC術(shù)后常用輔助化療方案療效的預(yù)測價(jià)值,本文擬探討Ⅱ期及Ⅱ期以上癌組織中ERCC1、RRM1表達(dá)水平與術(shù)后接受GP方案輔助化療療效及預(yù)后的關(guān)系。
1.資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇我院2010年1月~2012年12月的非小細(xì)胞肺癌病例63例(手術(shù)完全切除49例),以實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法檢測癌組織中ERCC1、RRM1基因表達(dá)。對63例患者進(jìn)行隨機(jī)分組,其中化療組38例,接受2周期以上GP方案輔助化療(吉西他濱1250 mg/m2第1、8天,順鉑75 mg/m2第1天),未化療組25例,不進(jìn)行化療,定期隨訪。男45例,女18例。年齡36~79歲,平均56.56歲。組織病理學(xué)分類:腺鱗癌8例(12.7%), 腺癌20例(31.7%),鱗癌35例(55.6%);分化程度:低分化6例(9.5%), 中低分化18例(28.6%),中分化23例(36.5%),高中分化9例(14.3%),高分化7例(11.1%);臨床分期:ⅡA期6例(9.5%),ⅡB期15例(23.8%),ⅢA期18例(28.6%),ⅢB期20例(31.7%),Ⅳ期4例(6.4%)。Ⅳ期患者中同側(cè)不同肺葉轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)節(jié)1例,骨轉(zhuǎn)移1例;腦或肝轉(zhuǎn)移2例。endprint
1.2 治療方法
鹽酸吉西他濱(又名澤菲,江蘇豪森藥業(yè)股份有限公司, 國藥準(zhǔn)字H20030105),根據(jù)體表面積(BSA)調(diào)整劑量:1 000 mg/m2靜脈滴注30 min,每周1次,連續(xù)3周,隨后休息1周,每4周重復(fù)1次。聯(lián)合順鉑25 mg/m2靜滴qd,d1~3化療,每3周重復(fù)。最多接受6個(gè)周期化療。
1.3 非小細(xì)胞肺癌組織中ERCC1、RRM1表達(dá)的檢測 1.3.1 檢測方法 實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法。
1.3.2 檢測原理 在PCR反應(yīng)體系中加入熒光基團(tuán),利用熒光信號積累實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測整個(gè)PCR進(jìn)程,最后通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線對未知模板進(jìn)行定量分析。
1.3.3 儀器 熒光PCR儀ABI7500 ABI公司。
1.3.4 試劑 TOYOBO公司:ReverTraqPCRRTkitFSQ-101Hotstar Taq Polymerase。
1.3.5 操作步驟 ①收集石蠟切片上的相應(yīng)組織部分到1.5 mL離心管中,加入1 mL的組織透明液進(jìn)行脫蠟,利用無水乙醇去除組織透明液。風(fēng)干后使用試劑盒,加入蛋白酶和裂解液后加熱裂解,再加入DNA酶去除DNA,通過利用離心柱得到RNA,最后加入溶解液通過高速離心得到RNA。②逆轉(zhuǎn)錄:逆轉(zhuǎn)錄的體系是10 μL,其中5×RT Buffer2 μL,RT Enzyme-Mix 0.5 μL,PrimerMix 0.5 μL,RNA2 μL,DEPC水補(bǔ)齊至10 μL。反應(yīng)條件37℃ 45 min,98℃ 5 min。③熒光定量:取2 μL逆轉(zhuǎn)錄好的cDNA加入到20 μLReal-Time PCR(實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR)反應(yīng)體系中,在PCR ABI 7500儀器上進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,反應(yīng)條件:95℃10 min;95℃30 s,60℃1 min,40循環(huán)。
1.3.6 計(jì)算 以相應(yīng)基因檢測CT值(ERCC1 CT,RRM1 CT)和管家基因的CT值(GAPDH CT)計(jì)算,ΔCt= CT(ERBB1)- CT(GAPDH),檢測值I=E 2ΔCt。
1.3.7 結(jié)果判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[10,11] I高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的判為高表達(dá),I低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,判為低表達(dá)。
1.4 療效按實(shí)體瘤評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(RECIST)[12]
完全緩解(CR)、部分緩解(PR)、疾病穩(wěn)定(SD)、疾病進(jìn)展(PD)。達(dá)到完全緩解(CR)或部分緩解(PR)為化療有效,疾病穩(wěn)定(SD)或疾病進(jìn)展(PD)為化療無效。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 15.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,組間差異采用卡方檢驗(yàn)。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,生存率的比較采用Log-rank檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1基因ERCC1、RRM1的表達(dá)與化療有效率(CR+PR)的關(guān)系
基因表達(dá)與化療有效率的關(guān)系(表1),ERCC1低表達(dá)組化療有效率為84.8%,明顯高于高表達(dá)組10.0%(χ2=16.286,P<0.01);RRM1低表達(dá)組化療有效率為88.9%,明顯高于高表達(dá)組11.1%(χ2=15.762,P<0.01) 。按照GP治療方案 ERCC1和RRM1同時(shí)低表達(dá)者,治療有效率為93.8%,而ERCC1和RRM1同時(shí)高表達(dá)者,治療有效率僅為9.1%,差異有顯著性(χ2=19.149, P<0.01)。
表1 ERCC1、RRM1表達(dá)水平與療效的關(guān)系
2.2 肺癌組織ERCC1 mRNA表達(dá)水平與預(yù)后的關(guān)系
在肺癌組織ERCC1高表達(dá)患者中,未化療組和化療組中位生存期分別為22個(gè)月和25個(gè)月,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=2.936,P>0.05,封三圖4A)。而ERCC1低表達(dá)患者中,未化療組和化療組中位生存期分別為15個(gè)月和44個(gè)月,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=10.865,P<0.01,封三圖4B)。
2.3 肺癌組織RRM1 mRNA表達(dá)水平與預(yù)后的關(guān)系
在肺癌細(xì)胞RRM1低表達(dá)患者中,未化療組和化療組中位生存期分別為21個(gè)月和43個(gè)月,差異具有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=9.998,P<0.01,封三圖4C)。而在RRM1 高表達(dá)患者中,未化療組和化療組中位生存期分別為20個(gè)月和26個(gè)月,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=2.742,P>0.05,封三圖4D)。
2.4 影響術(shù)后生存時(shí)間的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素
采用Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析,對TNM分期、病灶切除程度、化療與否、細(xì)胞分化程度、組織病理學(xué)類型、及ERCC1、RRM1表達(dá)水平進(jìn)行多因素回歸分析(α入=0.05,α出=0.10)。化療組中位生存期優(yōu)于未化療組(χ2=11.412,P<0.01,RR=2.915,95%CI:1.503~4.453, R2=0.989);完全切除術(shù)患者比不完全切除術(shù)患者中位生存期長(χ2 =10.441,P<0.01,RR=2.264, 95%CI:1.203~3.512, R2=0.991)。TNM分期 (Ⅱ~Ⅳ期) Ⅱ期患者中位生存期優(yōu)于Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期患者(χ2 =12.901,P<0.01,RR=1.820,95%CI:1.281~2.539,R2=0.994)。ERCC1低表達(dá)組患者中位生存期優(yōu)于高表達(dá)組患者(χ2 =4.443,P>0.05,RR=0.736,95%CI:0.364~1.208, R2=0.856);RRM1低表達(dá)組患者中位生存期優(yōu)于高表達(dá)組患者(χ2 =3.564,P>0.05,RR= 0.822,95%CI:0.399~1.432,R2=0.823)。結(jié)果表明,TNM分期、化療與否、病灶切除程度為影響術(shù)后生存時(shí)間的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,而ERCC1、RRM1表達(dá)水平并非影響生存期的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(表2)。endprint
表2 非小細(xì)胞肺癌的臨床及病理特征對中位生存期(MST)影響的 COX 生存分析
3 討論
在核苷酸切除修復(fù)系統(tǒng)(nucleo-tides excision repair,NER)途徑中,DNA切除修復(fù)交叉互補(bǔ)基因1(excision repair crosscomplementing gene1,ERCC1)是核苷酸剪切修復(fù)家族中的重要成員,起著DNA損傷識別和鏈間切割的關(guān)鍵作用,ERCC1高表達(dá)可迅速修復(fù)因損傷DNA而停滯在G2/M 期的細(xì)胞,而順鉑-DNA結(jié)合物的切除修復(fù)正是通過NER途徑進(jìn)行,導(dǎo)致對順鉑不敏感[13,14]。Aggarwal、Lord等[15,16]通過檢測術(shù)后標(biāo)本ERCC1的表達(dá)來分析其與鉑類治療療效的關(guān)系,回顧性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),順鉑輔助化療僅使ERCC1低表達(dá)者獲益。說明ERCC1 的高表達(dá)可能導(dǎo)致患者對鉑類不敏感,也就是說ERCC1的表達(dá)與鉑類治療療效預(yù)后負(fù)相關(guān),表達(dá)越低療效越好[17-20]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,ERCC1高表達(dá)組與低表達(dá)組間MST差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,說明ERCC1并非影響生存期的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子。但ERCC1表達(dá)與患者手術(shù)后含鉑化療方案的生存受益有關(guān),同為接受術(shù)后含鉑化療方案,ERCC1蛋白低表達(dá)者生存期顯著延長(P<0.01),ERCC1蛋白高表達(dá)者生存期則未見顯著延長(P>0.05)。與以上研究的結(jié)論一致。
核苷酸還原酶1(ribonucleotide reductase subunit 1,RRM1)是核苷類似物化療藥物吉西他濱的結(jié)合位點(diǎn),通過控制底物的特異性和核苷酸還原酶的活性在細(xì)胞內(nèi)DNA合成通路中起限速作用[21-23],高表達(dá)時(shí)會(huì)對吉西他濱通過競爭干擾DNA的合成而起到殺傷腫瘤的目的產(chǎn)生影響。Lee等[24]通過體外調(diào)節(jié)RRM1表達(dá)來了解吉西他濱、順鉑抑制50%腫瘤細(xì)胞所需的濃度(IC50)來反映耐藥情況, 結(jié)果顯示吉西他濱療效與RRM1mRNA的表達(dá)呈負(fù)相關(guān),提示吉西他濱對低表達(dá)者療效好,高表達(dá)者差。本研究結(jié)果顯示:RRM1的表達(dá)水平與MST無關(guān),提示RRM1并非NSCLC的影響生存期的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子。但在肺癌組織RRM1低表達(dá)者中,術(shù)后GP方案化療組中位生存期較未化療組明顯延長(P<0.01),而在RRM1高表達(dá)者中,化療組與未化療組的中位生存期差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),提示GP方案術(shù)后輔助化療更有可能在RRM1低表達(dá)者的非小細(xì)胞肺癌人群中受益。
通過對接受輔助化療者生存分析顯示:在肺癌組織ERCC1高表達(dá)患者中,未化療組和化療組中位生存期分別為22個(gè)月和25個(gè)月,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=2.936,P>0.05)。而ERCC1低表達(dá)患者中,未化療組和化療組中位生存期分別為15個(gè)月和44個(gè)月,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=10.865,P<0.01)。在肺癌細(xì)胞RRM1低表達(dá)患者中,未化療組和化療組中位生存期分別為21個(gè)月和43個(gè)月,差異具有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=9.998,P <0.01)。而在RRM1 高表達(dá)患者中,未化療組和化療組中位生存期分別為20個(gè)月和26個(gè)月,差異不具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=2.742,P>0.05)。與國外研究結(jié)論一致[23,24]。
本文探討的可影響NSCLC患者術(shù)后生存時(shí)間的7個(gè)因子中,經(jīng)Cox回歸分析表明,僅TNM分期、術(shù)后接受GP方案輔助化療與否及手術(shù)切除程度為影響術(shù)后生存時(shí)間的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.01),而NSCLC的病理類型、分化程度對MST的影響,課題組擬擴(kuò)大樣本繼續(xù)追蹤觀察,進(jìn)一步分層分析來觀察。ERCC1和RRM1的表達(dá)水平可能僅對化療方案的療效有一定預(yù)測價(jià)值,而非NSCLC患者影響MST的預(yù)后獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子。
綜上所述,通過對63例Ⅱ~Ⅳ期非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者ERCC1和RRM1的表達(dá)水平檢測與鉑類藥物與吉西他濱聯(lián)合(GP方案)化療生存趨勢分析,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了國內(nèi)外有關(guān)非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者ERCC1和RRM1的表達(dá)水平與化療療效的相關(guān)報(bào)道。為預(yù)測輔助化療療效、延長NSCLC患者中位生存期提供有價(jià)值的分子標(biāo)志物,為臨床個(gè)體化用藥提供可參考的依據(jù)。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
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[8] 吳穎,宋勇,劉紅兵. 切除修復(fù)交叉互補(bǔ)酶1 在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中的表達(dá)及其對術(shù)后鉑類輔助化療的影響[J]. 醫(yī)學(xué)研究生學(xué)報(bào),2009,22(2):150-153.
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[10] Simon GR, Sharma S, Cantor A, et al. ERCC1 expression is a predictor of survival in resected patients with non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Chest,2005,127(3):978-983.
[11] Bepler G,Sharma S,Cantor A,et al. RRM1 and PTEN as prognostic parameters for overall and disease-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2004,22(10):1878-1885.
[12] 柯紅,崔潔,王小松,等. ERCC1、RRM1和TUBB3指導(dǎo)個(gè)體化化療方案治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌的評價(jià)[J]. 重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2013,38(5):502-505.
[13] 汪宏斌,楊俊泉,王曉紅,等. 晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌ERCC1 表達(dá)與順鉑化療療效相關(guān)性研究[J]. 第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2009,30(4):351-354.
[14] Simon GR,Schell MJ,Begum M,et al. Preliminary indication of survival benefit from ERCC1 and RRM1-tailored chemotherapy in patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer:Evidence from an individual patient analysis[J]. Cancer,2012,118(9):2525-2531.
[15] Aggarwal C,Somaiah N,Simon GR,et al. Biomarkers with predictive and prognostic function in non-small cell lung cancer:Ready for prime time[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw,2010,8(7):822-832.
[16] Lord RV,B rabender J,Gandara D,et al. Low ERCC 1 express ioncorre -lates with prolonged su rvival after cisp latin plu s gem citab inech emothe rapy in non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2009,8(7):2286-2291.
[17] Boukovinas I,Papadaki C,Mendez P,et al. Tumor BRCA1,RRM1 and RRM2 mRNA expression levels and clinical response to first line gemcita bine plus docetaxel in non-small-cell lungcancer patients[J]. PLoS One,2008,3(11) :e3695.
[18] Adams VR, Harvey RD. Histological and genetic markers for non-small cell lung cancer:customizing treatment based on individual tumor biology[J]. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 2010,67(1 Suppl 1):S3-S9.
[19] Shimizu T,Nakanishi Y,Nakagawa Y. Association betweenexpression of thymidylate synthase,dihydrofolate reductase,and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and efficacy of pemetrexed in advanced non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Anticancer Res,2012,32(10):4589-4596.
[20] Shiraishi K,Kohno T,Tanai C,et al. Association of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with response to platinum-based doublet chemo-therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2010,28(33):4945-4952.
[21] 王芳,金建華,王月. 晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌ERCC1表達(dá)水平與鉑類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方案化療療效的研究[J]. 醫(yī)學(xué)綜述,2010, 16(23):3669-3670.
[22] 皇甫娟,李文永,宋明霞. 雙鉑聯(lián)合吉西他濱治療老年中晚期肺癌的臨床療效觀察[J]. 中國醫(yī)藥指南,2012, 10:29-31.
[23] Ren SX,Li AW,Zhou SW,et al. Individualized chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients based on mRNA levels of BR-CA1 and RRM1[J]. Chin J Cancer Res,2012,24(3):226-231.
[24] Lee JJ,Maeng CH,Baek SK,et al. Eimmunohistochemical overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M1(RRM1) protein is a predictor of shorter survival to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)[J]. Lung Cancer,2010,70(2):205-210.
(收稿日期:2013-02-25)endprint
[6] Reynolds C,Obasaju C,Schell MJ,et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ trial of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy with in situ RRM1 and ERCC1 protein levels for response prediction in non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2009,27(34):5808-5815.
[7] Wang TB, Zhang NL,Wang SH,et al. Expession of ERCCl lung BRCAl predict the clinical ontcome of non-small cell lung cancer in patients receiving platinum-based chemo therapy[J]. Genet Mol Res,2014,13(2):3704-3710.
[8] 吳穎,宋勇,劉紅兵. 切除修復(fù)交叉互補(bǔ)酶1 在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中的表達(dá)及其對術(shù)后鉑類輔助化療的影響[J]. 醫(yī)學(xué)研究生學(xué)報(bào),2009,22(2):150-153.
[9] Jemal A,Siegel R,Ward E,et al. Cancer statistics,2008[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2008,58(2):71-96.
[10] Simon GR, Sharma S, Cantor A, et al. ERCC1 expression is a predictor of survival in resected patients with non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Chest,2005,127(3):978-983.
[11] Bepler G,Sharma S,Cantor A,et al. RRM1 and PTEN as prognostic parameters for overall and disease-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2004,22(10):1878-1885.
[12] 柯紅,崔潔,王小松,等. ERCC1、RRM1和TUBB3指導(dǎo)個(gè)體化化療方案治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌的評價(jià)[J]. 重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2013,38(5):502-505.
[13] 汪宏斌,楊俊泉,王曉紅,等. 晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌ERCC1 表達(dá)與順鉑化療療效相關(guān)性研究[J]. 第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2009,30(4):351-354.
[14] Simon GR,Schell MJ,Begum M,et al. Preliminary indication of survival benefit from ERCC1 and RRM1-tailored chemotherapy in patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer:Evidence from an individual patient analysis[J]. Cancer,2012,118(9):2525-2531.
[15] Aggarwal C,Somaiah N,Simon GR,et al. Biomarkers with predictive and prognostic function in non-small cell lung cancer:Ready for prime time[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw,2010,8(7):822-832.
[16] Lord RV,B rabender J,Gandara D,et al. Low ERCC 1 express ioncorre -lates with prolonged su rvival after cisp latin plu s gem citab inech emothe rapy in non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2009,8(7):2286-2291.
[17] Boukovinas I,Papadaki C,Mendez P,et al. Tumor BRCA1,RRM1 and RRM2 mRNA expression levels and clinical response to first line gemcita bine plus docetaxel in non-small-cell lungcancer patients[J]. PLoS One,2008,3(11) :e3695.
[18] Adams VR, Harvey RD. Histological and genetic markers for non-small cell lung cancer:customizing treatment based on individual tumor biology[J]. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 2010,67(1 Suppl 1):S3-S9.
[19] Shimizu T,Nakanishi Y,Nakagawa Y. Association betweenexpression of thymidylate synthase,dihydrofolate reductase,and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and efficacy of pemetrexed in advanced non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Anticancer Res,2012,32(10):4589-4596.
[20] Shiraishi K,Kohno T,Tanai C,et al. Association of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with response to platinum-based doublet chemo-therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2010,28(33):4945-4952.
[21] 王芳,金建華,王月. 晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌ERCC1表達(dá)水平與鉑類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方案化療療效的研究[J]. 醫(yī)學(xué)綜述,2010, 16(23):3669-3670.
[22] 皇甫娟,李文永,宋明霞. 雙鉑聯(lián)合吉西他濱治療老年中晚期肺癌的臨床療效觀察[J]. 中國醫(yī)藥指南,2012, 10:29-31.
[23] Ren SX,Li AW,Zhou SW,et al. Individualized chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients based on mRNA levels of BR-CA1 and RRM1[J]. Chin J Cancer Res,2012,24(3):226-231.
[24] Lee JJ,Maeng CH,Baek SK,et al. Eimmunohistochemical overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M1(RRM1) protein is a predictor of shorter survival to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)[J]. Lung Cancer,2010,70(2):205-210.
(收稿日期:2013-02-25)endprint
[6] Reynolds C,Obasaju C,Schell MJ,et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ trial of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy with in situ RRM1 and ERCC1 protein levels for response prediction in non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2009,27(34):5808-5815.
[7] Wang TB, Zhang NL,Wang SH,et al. Expession of ERCCl lung BRCAl predict the clinical ontcome of non-small cell lung cancer in patients receiving platinum-based chemo therapy[J]. Genet Mol Res,2014,13(2):3704-3710.
[8] 吳穎,宋勇,劉紅兵. 切除修復(fù)交叉互補(bǔ)酶1 在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中的表達(dá)及其對術(shù)后鉑類輔助化療的影響[J]. 醫(yī)學(xué)研究生學(xué)報(bào),2009,22(2):150-153.
[9] Jemal A,Siegel R,Ward E,et al. Cancer statistics,2008[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2008,58(2):71-96.
[10] Simon GR, Sharma S, Cantor A, et al. ERCC1 expression is a predictor of survival in resected patients with non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Chest,2005,127(3):978-983.
[11] Bepler G,Sharma S,Cantor A,et al. RRM1 and PTEN as prognostic parameters for overall and disease-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2004,22(10):1878-1885.
[12] 柯紅,崔潔,王小松,等. ERCC1、RRM1和TUBB3指導(dǎo)個(gè)體化化療方案治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌的評價(jià)[J]. 重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2013,38(5):502-505.
[13] 汪宏斌,楊俊泉,王曉紅,等. 晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌ERCC1 表達(dá)與順鉑化療療效相關(guān)性研究[J]. 第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2009,30(4):351-354.
[14] Simon GR,Schell MJ,Begum M,et al. Preliminary indication of survival benefit from ERCC1 and RRM1-tailored chemotherapy in patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer:Evidence from an individual patient analysis[J]. Cancer,2012,118(9):2525-2531.
[15] Aggarwal C,Somaiah N,Simon GR,et al. Biomarkers with predictive and prognostic function in non-small cell lung cancer:Ready for prime time[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw,2010,8(7):822-832.
[16] Lord RV,B rabender J,Gandara D,et al. Low ERCC 1 express ioncorre -lates with prolonged su rvival after cisp latin plu s gem citab inech emothe rapy in non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2009,8(7):2286-2291.
[17] Boukovinas I,Papadaki C,Mendez P,et al. Tumor BRCA1,RRM1 and RRM2 mRNA expression levels and clinical response to first line gemcita bine plus docetaxel in non-small-cell lungcancer patients[J]. PLoS One,2008,3(11) :e3695.
[18] Adams VR, Harvey RD. Histological and genetic markers for non-small cell lung cancer:customizing treatment based on individual tumor biology[J]. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 2010,67(1 Suppl 1):S3-S9.
[19] Shimizu T,Nakanishi Y,Nakagawa Y. Association betweenexpression of thymidylate synthase,dihydrofolate reductase,and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and efficacy of pemetrexed in advanced non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Anticancer Res,2012,32(10):4589-4596.
[20] Shiraishi K,Kohno T,Tanai C,et al. Association of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with response to platinum-based doublet chemo-therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2010,28(33):4945-4952.
[21] 王芳,金建華,王月. 晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌ERCC1表達(dá)水平與鉑類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方案化療療效的研究[J]. 醫(yī)學(xué)綜述,2010, 16(23):3669-3670.
[22] 皇甫娟,李文永,宋明霞. 雙鉑聯(lián)合吉西他濱治療老年中晚期肺癌的臨床療效觀察[J]. 中國醫(yī)藥指南,2012, 10:29-31.
[23] Ren SX,Li AW,Zhou SW,et al. Individualized chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients based on mRNA levels of BR-CA1 and RRM1[J]. Chin J Cancer Res,2012,24(3):226-231.
[24] Lee JJ,Maeng CH,Baek SK,et al. Eimmunohistochemical overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M1(RRM1) protein is a predictor of shorter survival to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)[J]. Lung Cancer,2010,70(2):205-210.
(收稿日期:2013-02-25)endprint