摘要:單腎合并輸尿管上段結(jié)石,若結(jié)石長期阻塞或合并感染,可致腎重度積水;腎后性腎衰?;颊吣I區(qū)疼痛不明顯,極易造成誤診,盡早解除梗阻是治療的主要原則,最大限度的保護和恢復(fù)腎功能,若能及時解除梗阻則患者腎功能恢復(fù)很快,反之若治療不及時則可能對患者生命安全造成威脅。對于這類病癥治療的方式主要以手術(shù)治療為主,需重視手術(shù)指征的選擇和嚴重感染的預(yù)防控制,在操作上做到輕柔、熟練、技術(shù)細節(jié)完善,達到安全、高效、微創(chuàng)、經(jīng)濟。單腎并輸尿管結(jié)石梗阻,治療原則預(yù)防腎后性腎衰,重在早期診斷,及時解除梗阻,效果一般較好。
關(guān)鍵詞:單腎;結(jié)石;腎后性腎衰
Renal Failure Renal Calculus Obstructive Kidney in 1 Cases
DONG Jia-wang
(Baoshan City Tengchong County People's Hospital,Baoshan 679100,Yunnan,China)
Abstract:Single renal and upper ureteral calculi, if the stone obstruction or infection can cause long-term, giant hydronephrosis; post renal failure. Pain in patients with renal district is not obvious, so it is easy to be misdiagnosed, prompt relief of the obstruction is the main principle of treatment, to maximize the protection and recovery of renal function, if timely lifting of obstruction patients renal function recovered quickly, if not timely treatment may pose a threat to the safety of patients. For this kind of disease treated mainly by operation treatment, should pay attention to the operation refers to the prevention of syndrome and severe infection control, in the operation so that gentle, skilled technical details, perfect, efficient, safe, minimally invasive, achieve economic. Renal and ureteral calculi obstruction, treatment principles of prevention of post renal failure, early diagnosis is, prompt release of obstruction, the general effect is good.
Key words:Solitary kidney; Calculi; Post renal failure1臨床資料
患者,男,51歲。因納差、消瘦、乏力,間歇嘔吐2個月入院?;颊?個月來無明顯誘因出現(xiàn)納差,惡心,間歇嘔吐。并慚感乏力、消瘦,體重明顯下降。曾在幾家醫(yī)院就診,無明確診斷,病情加重,不能進食,陣發(fā)性心悸入院。既往史:2011年前KUB、IVP、B超示:\"右腎缺失,左腎結(jié)石\"。行\(zhòng)"左腎Eswl術(shù)\"治療。1年來間歇出現(xiàn)顏面,雙下肢浮腫。體檢:全身一般情況差,慢性消耗體質(zhì),貧血面貌,顏面輕度浮腫。心界向左擴大,心尖區(qū)可聞及Ⅲsm。右側(cè)睪丸缺失,陰囊畸形。B超示:\"左腎大小16.4 cm×8.1 cm,重度積水,左輸尿管上段可見2.2 cm×1.4 cm強光團及聲影,右腎區(qū)均未探及腎圖像。\"腎功提示:\"尿素氮26 mmol/L,肌酐350 umol/L,尿酸249 umol/L\"。KUB、IVP示:\"左輸尿管上段可見2.2 cm×1.4 cm結(jié)石,腎臟不顯影。\"臨床初步診斷\"①單腎;②左輸尿管上段結(jié)石并腎重度積水,腎后性腎衰;③右腎右側(cè)睪丸缺失\"。局麻B超引導(dǎo)下行\(zhòng)"左腎穿刺造瘺引流術(shù)\",術(shù)后并發(fā)出血,經(jīng)治療病情好轉(zhuǎn),帶造瘺管出院。出院后20 d轉(zhuǎn)到上級醫(yī)院\"透析\"治療,病情無好轉(zhuǎn),因經(jīng)濟困難出院。出院后10 d死亡。
2討論
單腎的發(fā)病率約為1∶1000~1500。在治療中如未做出單腎的診斷,即有治療錯誤的可能[1]。腎缺失多在左側(cè)。本病例為右腎缺失較少見。單腎合并輸尿管上段結(jié)石致腎重度積水;腎后性腎衰[2-3]?;颊咦园l(fā)病來未出現(xiàn)“腎絞痛及肉眼血尿癥狀”,曾到多家醫(yī)院就診未能作出正確診斷及治療,延誤了診療的時機。單腎并輸尿管結(jié)石梗阻,治療原則預(yù)防腎后性腎衰,重在早期診斷,及時解除梗阻,效果一般較好[4]。
參考文獻:
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編輯/肖慧