【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.41 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2095-3089（2014）05-0121-01

英語中主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的數(shù)的一致關(guān)系是比較難掌握的。通常情況下，主語的單、復(fù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞采取相應(yīng)的形式，但在運(yùn)用中卻會(huì)遇到復(fù)雜的情況，現(xiàn)介紹如下：1.謂語動(dòng)詞必須與作主語的名詞的人稱或人稱代詞人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如：Comrade Chen teaches us EnglishThe children are watching TV now.2.兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語用and 連接，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Tom and Jack are playing table tennis.但當(dāng)and 聯(lián)接的兩個(gè)主語只表示一個(gè)人、一件事或一個(gè)概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The teacher and writer is coming here.如果and 連接的幾個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用no、each或every等詞修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。如：No bird and no beast is seen in that island.3.many a 或more than one 修飾主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。如：Many a student has done this.More than one person was playing basketball on the playground.4.由as well as、together with、no less than 等短語連接的兩個(gè)主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要和前面的主語保持一致。如：He as well as you is wrong.Mr. Green，together with his wife and children has come to China.The audience was no less than five thousand.5.用or、either…or…、neither…nor…、not only…but also…等連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的一個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如：Neither he nor I have been to Beijing.Either he or his wife hasn?蒺t come.Not only his father but also his friends are glad to help him.6.由some、any 、no、every等詞構(gòu)成的合成詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：There is nobody in the room.Something is wrong with my watch.7.如果名詞詞組中心詞是all、most、half或the rest，其主謂一致關(guān)系應(yīng)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。如果所指的是單數(shù)意思，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；如果所指的是復(fù)數(shù)意思，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Half of the building has been built these years.Half of the students are boys in our class.8.代詞both、a few、many作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Both are doing their maths exercises.但代詞such、either、neither或much作主語時(shí)則用單數(shù)形式。如：Neither of us has been to the Great Wall.9.a kind of+名詞、this kind of+名詞，無論名詞是單復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。如：There is a kind of rose(或roses) in the park.有時(shí)kind of 之前的限定詞和之后的名詞都是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Those kinds of flowers are very beautiful.但all kinds of， many kinds of后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：All kinds of birds went there.10.a number of后接名詞時(shí)須用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而the number of 則用單數(shù)形式。如：A number of students are playing football on the playground now.The number of birds is two hundred.11.主語是表示抽象概念的動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：To learn English well isn’t easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.12.復(fù)數(shù)詞形的單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Physics is a very interesting subject.13.there、here引起的句子，如果有幾個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)和最靠近的主語一致。如：There is a bed， two chairs and three desks in the room.There are three desks ，two chairs and a bed in the room.Here is a table， some chairs， and a few desks in the room.14.表示數(shù)量、長度、時(shí)間、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：Five minutes is enough.Five thousand dollars is more than I can afford.15.集體名詞作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如果作為一個(gè)個(gè)成員來考慮，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The family are watching TV in the room.My family is a big one16.people、police作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Several hundred police are on duty.17.兩個(gè)作主語用的名詞或代詞由介詞with連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般與with 前面的一個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。如：A woman with a boy is coming this afternoon.18.以定冠詞the+形容詞（或分詞）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式往往根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。如：The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.19.one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)形式。如：One of the students has caught the thief.20.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的一些名詞，作主語時(shí)須根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。如：One sheep is missing， the other three are under the tree.21.what、who、which、more、all、none 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)，也可用單數(shù)，視具體情況而定。如：None knows(know) what he has done.22.在兩個(gè)相加等于一個(gè)數(shù)的等式中，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。如：Three plus four is(are) seven.23.在each…and each…或every…and every…之后的名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Each boy and each girl has a flower.24.關(guān)系代詞作賓語從句的主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須與關(guān)系代詞的先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。如：The man who is under the tree is my teacher.25.某些不定代詞為了避免必須標(biāo)明性別的困難，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Every boy is ready now， aren?蒺t they?