【摘要】本文分析了學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作現(xiàn)狀，并提出了解決問(wèn)題的一些教學(xué)示例和實(shí)踐，探討了如何以任務(wù)優(yōu)化英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)，從而提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力。

【關(guān)鍵詞】任務(wù)型教學(xué)初中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)寫(xiě)作技能小組活動(dòng)。

1不同層次的兩個(gè)學(xué)生的作文展示

常見(jiàn)的學(xué)生作文1：My Favorite Person

My favorite person is my father. My father name is Li Lei. He is Chinese. He's born in 1978 October 10. he look like with me. He is very tall. He is tallest in my family. He as same people as black hair and two ears. And he has a storng body. My father is a doctor. He is good for me. I like he. And he like me， too.

學(xué)生獲獎(jiǎng)作文2：My Angel Mother

When I was a kid， my mother always told me funny stories before I went to sleep. I used to have so much fun and I enjoyed staying with my mother.

One of the funny stories that she told me was about a teacher and a student. \"Just after class，\"my mother said ， \"a teacher asked a student，'Boy ， why do you put cotton into your ears？ Is there anything wrong with you？ Are you not feeling well？''No ， sir'the student answered ， 'you told me to remember your sentences ， but your words just enter one of my ears and then go out from the other one. So I am trying to stop them.'\"

Her stories were so funny that they made me laugh. Every night， she didn't leave me bedroom until I fell asleep.

Gradually， I find we're not as close as before. My mother doesn't have so much time to tell me stories anymore. She had to work and as a result she was often not at home.

Last year， she forgot my birthday. I stayed at home alone and I cried for a long time. I thought that my mother didn't love me anymore.

I was afraid of being alone， so I began to cause a lot of trouble and tried to make my mother pay more attention to me. For example， I broke the cup and then I argued with my mother. I became a \"problem child\" in her eyes.

One day， I was ill. My mother stayed up all night and took good care of me. I suddenly realized that although my mother is busy，she still loves me. In fact， her love was never far from me.

She also told me that even though we can't always get together， she will always take pride in everything good I do. I suddenly felt sorry and uneasy.

So I made a decision. From now on， I must study hard and try my best to help her do some housework. Maybe that'll be the best to her and that can make her feel happy. At the same time， I'll spend more time chatting with her and regard her as my best friends.

Finally， I want to tell my mother aloud： \"mom， I love you very much！ You'll be proud of me one day.\"

（注：本文榮獲第六屆奧林匹克杯全國(guó)英語(yǔ)作文大賽初中組國(guó)家級(jí)一等獎(jiǎng)）

2引言

眾所周知，聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)必不可少的手段，而\"寫(xiě)\"更是前三種手段的集中體現(xiàn)，是學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用浯言能力的一種重要表現(xiàn)形式。而據(jù)筆者對(duì)任教班級(jí)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，有一半的學(xué)生認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作比語(yǔ)文作文難得多，有20%的學(xué)生認(rèn)為無(wú)話可寫(xiě)，甚至對(duì)寫(xiě)作有畏難情緒，大部分同學(xué)都有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，只有大約20%左右的同學(xué)語(yǔ)感比較好。而且學(xué)生寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題是病句或中文思維式句子多，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤多，詞匯簡(jiǎn)單，句子單一，不會(huì)用復(fù)合句等。文章寫(xiě)完后沒(méi)有升華，不會(huì)以小見(jiàn)大反應(yīng)主題。

而目前初中階段沒(méi)有專(zhuān)門(mén)開(kāi)設(shè)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作課，要解決以上問(wèn)題就要求我們老師要加大寫(xiě)作前的語(yǔ)言輸入和材料積累，要為學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)良好的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，重視寫(xiě)作前的引導(dǎo)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作思維，養(yǎng)成良好的寫(xiě)作習(xí)慣，才不至于言而無(wú)物。

3《新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》對(duì)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)的要求

《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》把\"寫(xiě)作\"納入基礎(chǔ)教育階段英語(yǔ)課程的任務(wù)之一?！稑?biāo)準(zhǔn)》第二部分\"課程目標(biāo)\"的\"目標(biāo)總體描述\"和第三部分\"內(nèi)容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)\"的\"語(yǔ)言技能\"中對(duì)各級(jí)別寫(xiě)作技能作了詳盡的描述，指出學(xué)生在基礎(chǔ)教育階段要學(xué)會(huì)自主收集資料，能寫(xiě)出常見(jiàn)體裁（記敘文、議論文、應(yīng)用文和說(shuō)明文）的短文，并能自行修改，與師生合作交流。

4教學(xué)示例與教學(xué)實(shí)踐

任務(wù)一、 從詞到句，再到篇，循序漸進(jìn)抓基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練

詞和句是最基礎(chǔ)的寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練之本，如果沒(méi)有他們做基礎(chǔ)，無(wú)疑是\"巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊\"。如《Go for it》教材七年級(jí)教材What does he look like？，首先要教給學(xué)生必要的表示人的外貌的常見(jiàn)詞匯，如short ， medium height ， tall ， beard ， curly/straight hair ， heavy/fat 等。在此基礎(chǔ)上擴(kuò)展成句What does he look like？ He's tall/ of medium height…He has short straight hair…學(xué)生熟悉這些句型后，再向復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)的復(fù)合句過(guò)渡。如He's not tall with short curly hair ， but he doesn't wear glasses.等。課堂活動(dòng)還可以設(shè)置游戲競(jìng)猜環(huán)節(jié)，讓同學(xué)們來(lái)猜自己的老師或同學(xué)，還可以是猜最喜愛(ài)的明星，如She is one of your teachers. She is of medium height and thin. She has short black hair. She is friendly. She wears glasses.…. Do you know who she is？

以上的基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步熟練掌握了人物描寫(xiě)所需的各種詞匯和句型，為學(xué)生進(jìn)行人物描寫(xiě)積累了豐富的詞匯和素材，如遇寫(xiě)My Favorite Person這類(lèi)題材的作文，學(xué)生定可信手拈來(lái)。

教師還可設(shè)置一些與寫(xiě)作技能訓(xùn)練有關(guān)的作業(yè)，如造句、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句、提取段落重點(diǎn)句等，這對(duì)提高提高學(xué)生的文采也是大有意義的。如在《Go For it》教材八年級(jí)課程講到If I go to the party ， I'll have a great time.時(shí)布置學(xué)生用\"If I am a student， I'll study hard . If I study hard ， I'll…\"來(lái)造句，學(xué)生寫(xiě)出了一系列的精彩句子：If I am a student ， I'll study hard. If I study hard ， I'll get good grades. If I get good grades ， I'll enter a good university. If I enter a good university， I'll find a good job. If I find a good job ， I'll make much money. If I make much money， I'll buy a big house and a car. ……

任務(wù)二： 閱讀后仿寫(xiě)作文，增強(qiáng)寫(xiě)作自信心

《Go For it》教材往往有一段文段給學(xué)生閱讀，學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀就能從中獲得寫(xiě)作需要的一些信息要點(diǎn)和內(nèi)客以及寫(xiě)作的框架，這既可活躍他們的思維，拓寬思路，還可幫助他們掌握一些寫(xiě)作的技巧和方法。緊接著就是一些填空或類(lèi)似于仿寫(xiě)的寫(xiě)作技能練習(xí)，在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上再讓學(xué)生模仿寫(xiě)作，可以令他們駕輕就熟，增強(qiáng)寫(xiě)作自信心，避免了無(wú)話可寫(xiě)的尷尬局面，甚至可消除他們當(dāng)中一些人的厭煩情緒，教師要充分利用這些練習(xí)并加以總結(jié)和創(chuàng)新。

I had a busy weekend. On Saturday morning， I cleaned my room. In the afternoon， I did my homework. It was a little difficult. On Saturday night， I visited my aunt. My aunt cooked dinner for me. On Sunday morning， I went to the library. I read a book about history. Then in the afternoon， I played soccer with my friends. On Sunday night， I watched TV. I saw an interesting talking show. What a happy weekend！

任務(wù)三：復(fù)述課文

英文寫(xiě)作中有一些詞，看起來(lái)不重要，但是少了它們，文章就會(huì)減色很多。這些詞就是表示關(guān)聯(lián)的詞，包括表示并列或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的詞、表示對(duì)比的詞、表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞、表示舉例的詞，表示總結(jié)的詞以及表示時(shí)間順序的詞。有了這些詞，文章的邏輯關(guān)系會(huì)顯得更加突出，聯(lián)系也更加緊密，過(guò)渡也更加自然。我們可以借助這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行復(fù)述，如表示時(shí)間順序的詞有after a while ， again ， also ， and then ， at last， Before ， next ， now ， then ， finally ， until now，when...

如：按時(shí)間順序來(lái)記敘一件事情或者一天的活動(dòng)

提示詞：zoo， trip， animals， sunny， dangerous， cute

表示時(shí)間順序的詞：first ， then ， after that ， at 12 o'clock ， after lunch

Last Friday， we had fun on our school trip. It was sunny day. We went to the zoo. There were all kinds of animals there. First， we went to see some monkeys. They were very cute. Then we saw some tigers and lions. They were quite dangerous. After that， we saw a movie about protecting the animals. At 12 o'clock， we had lunch together. None of us had meat， because we didn't want more animals to be killed for their meat. After lunch， we took the bus back to school. We're very tired but happy.

任務(wù)四：以話題訓(xùn)練帶動(dòng)和促進(jìn)寫(xiě)作水平的提高。

初三下學(xué)期復(fù)習(xí)課在講到健康這個(gè)話題時(shí)，我們可以通過(guò)一些圖片幫助學(xué)生領(lǐng)悟和概括以下圖示中的信息要點(diǎn)，讓學(xué)生積累足夠的語(yǔ)言素材。

在此基礎(chǔ)上，可設(shè)置一個(gè)讓學(xué)生來(lái)當(dāng)健康專(zhuān)家，幫Mike診斷他的問(wèn)題（如下圖所示），這足以激發(fā)他們的興趣，七嘴八舌就說(shuō)開(kāi)了，而且都說(shuō)到了點(diǎn)子上，說(shuō)得很好，這可助他們提升自己的自信心，而有了自信，學(xué)生定然更加積極主動(dòng)地投入英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中。

通過(guò)以上圖示分析和講解，學(xué)生的思路更清晰，大量的輸入之后再輸出也就水到渠成了。要求他們?cè)谝?guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)在本小組內(nèi)交流，最后，各小組推薦優(yōu)秀的在班內(nèi)朗讀。

任務(wù)五： 一分鐘演講比賽

目的： 幫助學(xué)生加深了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)的利與弊，睜開(kāi)慧眼看網(wǎng)絡(luò)

活動(dòng)形式： 4人小組

情景設(shè)置： 談?wù)勗絹?lái)越流行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)給我們的生活和學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)的利與弊，并給出如何合理安排上網(wǎng)時(shí)間的建議。

語(yǔ)言提示： Surfing the internet is more and more popular now. What do you like to do with it？ Are there any bad efforts on us？ Just think about it and give a talk for one minute.

活動(dòng)步驟：

⑴教師介紹自己使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的情況，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生初步感知網(wǎng)絡(luò)的利與弊。

Do you know what I like to do on the internet？ I like talking with my friends on QQ just like you. Besides， I like reading all kinds of news or novels. What I like to do most is watching movies.

Sometimes I'd like to do shopping on the internet. But if I spend too much time on it， I'll not only be stressed out but also not feel well. So I just surf the internet for about an hour.

⑵各組員在小組內(nèi)輪流進(jìn)行一分鐘演講，最后選出本組選手。

⑶各組選手在全班演講。

⑷全班選出本次演講比賽的一、二、三名。

綜上所述，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合寫(xiě)作能力要貫穿于平時(shí)的教學(xué)活動(dòng)當(dāng)中，有賴(lài)于長(zhǎng)期的積累，教學(xué)形式宜靈活多樣，依據(jù)不同的題材設(shè)計(jì)不同的活動(dòng)，不能流于形式，或只圖熱鬧，教師一定要善于引導(dǎo)和組織學(xué)生，靈活參與各小組的活動(dòng)，以便于更好地掌控各小組的活動(dòng)，給予適時(shí)的導(dǎo)向和點(diǎn)撥，充分發(fā)揮各小組的主動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性。

俗話說(shuō)得好\"好戲在后頭\"，最后要告訴學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)去\"借題發(fā)揮\"，寄情于主題當(dāng)中，點(diǎn)題升華。記敘文常見(jiàn)的有托物言志、睹物思人，游記要借山山水水來(lái)抒情，反應(yīng)社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題的則要以小見(jiàn)大突出主題等。

通過(guò)嘗試以上任務(wù)優(yōu)化的英語(yǔ)作文教學(xué)，學(xué)生的進(jìn)步已初見(jiàn)成效，主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

⑴體現(xiàn)了以學(xué)生為主體的師生互動(dòng)，學(xué)生變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)，獲得了英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的技巧和方法。

⑵學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作更有目的性，能盡快地獲取主要信息，養(yǎng)成良好的寫(xiě)作習(xí)慣。

⑶學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作能力得到了快速提高，能很快領(lǐng)會(huì)要求，抓住要點(diǎn)，按題目要求完成作文。

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

[1]《英語(yǔ)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》

[2]馬紅艷 《閱讀寫(xiě)作一體化教學(xué)初探》

[3]徐桂芳 《高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)的實(shí)踐與初探》