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        以電視紀(jì)錄片輔助高中英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)的實(shí)踐探索*

        2014-04-17 08:58:00
        基礎(chǔ)外語(yǔ)教育 2014年2期
        關(guān)鍵詞:龐貝板書(shū)紀(jì)錄片

        董 敏

        以電視紀(jì)錄片輔助高中英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)的實(shí)踐探索*

        董 敏

        本文結(jié)合筆者執(zhí)教的一節(jié)高中英語(yǔ)閱讀研討課,闡述了如何利用英語(yǔ)電視紀(jì)錄片輔助高中英語(yǔ)閱讀課的詞匯教學(xué)和語(yǔ)法教學(xué)。

        高中英語(yǔ);詞匯教學(xué);語(yǔ)法教學(xué)

        一、引言

        高中英語(yǔ)閱讀課的教學(xué)通常分兩個(gè)時(shí)段或課時(shí)。第一時(shí)段要求學(xué)生整體理解課文;第二時(shí)段則要求學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)已學(xué)課文的基礎(chǔ)上,繼續(xù)完成對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)信息的提取,處理課文中以詞匯為主要內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)言知識(shí),重組信息并嘗試運(yùn)用重點(diǎn)詞匯進(jìn)行表達(dá),最后總結(jié)和提升所學(xué)內(nèi)容。在實(shí)際的教學(xué)過(guò)程中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)第二時(shí)段的教學(xué)模式較為單一,基本局限于教師呈現(xiàn)課文中的語(yǔ)言知識(shí),領(lǐng)讀、講解并組織學(xué)生操練。這種教學(xué)模式讓學(xué)生感到枯燥無(wú)味,沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)興趣。針對(duì)目前第二時(shí)段教學(xué)存在的問(wèn)題,筆者開(kāi)展了一堂閱讀課第二課時(shí)的研討課,嘗試將BBC紀(jì)錄片與閱讀文本相結(jié)合,以此提高語(yǔ)言知識(shí)教學(xué)的效率。

        二、背景介紹

        (一)紀(jì)錄片介紹

        英國(guó)廣播公司(以下簡(jiǎn)稱BBC)拍攝的紀(jì)錄片集文字、聲音、影像于一身,觀賞性較強(qiáng)。其專題系列紀(jì)錄片有《地球生命》(Life on Earth)、《文明》(Civilisation)、《宇宙奇跡》(Wonders ofthe Universe)、《美麗中國(guó)》(Wild China)、《中國(guó)學(xué)?!罚–hinese School)等,其中部分內(nèi)容與北師大版高中英語(yǔ)教材的單元話題密切相關(guān)。將BBC紀(jì)錄片中豐富多彩的真實(shí)語(yǔ)言材料引入高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué),可以為學(xué)生提供一個(gè)真實(shí)的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)景。同時(shí),BBC紀(jì)錄片所蘊(yùn)含的歷史文化和人文科普知識(shí)能拓寬學(xué)生的視野,增加學(xué)生的文化知識(shí)積累。

        (二)教材分析

        1. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析

        北師大版高中英語(yǔ)模塊六Unit 16 Lesson 1 Pompeii: The city that became a time capsule是一篇記敘文,文章分為兩部分。第一部分?jǐn)⑹隽斯懦驱嬝愒诠?9年維蘇威火山爆發(fā)時(shí)被掩埋在巖漿中,并得以完整地保存,小普利尼見(jiàn)證了這一過(guò)程;第二部分描述了龐貝城的發(fā)掘以及現(xiàn)今的遺址。

        2. 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)分析

        (1)詞匯

        本課的生詞和短語(yǔ)共23個(gè),其中不少與火山爆發(fā)有關(guān)。根據(jù)文本內(nèi)容,筆者將文章中的

        詞匯分為兩類:第一類是描述維蘇威火山爆發(fā)和龐貝城被淹沒(méi)的生詞和短語(yǔ),如occur, erupt, bury, event, disappear, disaster, destroy, capsule, tremble, burst, block out, volcanic等;第二類是描述龐貝城被發(fā)掘以及龐貝城現(xiàn)狀的詞匯,如ash, awesome, booming, authentic, characteristic of, dig out, historical site,rewind, preserve, monument, architecture, on one's side, feel sympathy等。

        (2)語(yǔ)法

        本課語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容為學(xué)習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別,發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的語(yǔ)法構(gòu)成和使用條件,并能在適當(dāng)語(yǔ)境中使用。

        (三)使用的BBC紀(jì)錄片介紹

        《龐貝古城:最后一天》(Pompeii: The Last Day)是BBC于2003年推出的紀(jì)錄片。與一般紀(jì)錄片不同的是,該片采用演員演繹的方式,真實(shí)地還原了龐貝城最后一天居民的生活狀態(tài)。同時(shí),電腦特技使得維蘇威火山的爆發(fā)過(guò)程以及龐貝城被淹沒(méi)的慘烈過(guò)程得以真實(shí)再現(xiàn)。

        《生死龐貝》(Pompeii: Life and Death in aRoman Town)是BBC于2010年推出的紀(jì)錄片。該片通過(guò)劍橋大學(xué)古代史學(xué)家瑪麗·比爾德的視角,以游記的形式呈現(xiàn)了一個(gè)不一樣的龐貝城。

        三、課堂實(shí)錄與分析

        (一)導(dǎo)入

        播放《龐貝古城:最后一天》中00:45—01:40的視頻片段,并提醒學(xué)生在觀看時(shí)注意視頻中提出的問(wèn)題。

        T: Just now the narrator said how the volcano Mount Vesuvius destroyed them and why so many died was for a long time a mystery. But according to the text, thanks to a man, people nowadays can learn something about that event. What's his name?

        Ss: Pliny the Younger.

        T: Yes, let's enjoy the second video clip. This time try to use one word from Paragraph 1 to tell us what Pliny the Younger did when the disaster occurred.

        播放《龐貝古城:最后一天》中09:40—10:27的片段。

        T: Please say the answer.

        Ss: Witness.

        T: Good job! Read after me. Witness.

        Ss: Witness.

        T: Please read this sentence (on PPT) together.

        Ss: Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed.

        T: Good. Now enjoy the clip again.

        再次播放《龐貝古城:最后一天》中09:40—10:27的視頻片段。

        T: Please use simple English to paraphrase“witness”.

        S1: See something with his eyes.

        T: You got it. “Witness” means to see and experience important events or changes. Here we can say Pliny the Younger witnessed the volcano eruption, or we can say he was the “witness” of that event.

        導(dǎo)入部分用了兩段視頻。筆者先通過(guò)播放第一段視頻,引出了災(zāi)難的見(jiàn)證人——小普利尼這一推動(dòng)文章發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵人物;然后播放第二段視頻,在師生的問(wèn)答中引出了目標(biāo)詞匯witness。引出該詞后,再次播放第二段視頻,使學(xué)生加深對(duì)該詞的理解,并請(qǐng)學(xué)生用簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)述該詞,然后教師再對(duì)witness進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述,并在相同語(yǔ)境下,告知學(xué)生witness作名詞的用法。

        在導(dǎo)入環(huán)節(jié),在視頻片段的幫助下,筆者主要采用領(lǐng)讀法、轉(zhuǎn)述法和語(yǔ)境法教授witness。領(lǐng)讀法可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生以音、形、義相結(jié)合的方式學(xué)習(xí)詞匯;轉(zhuǎn)述法幫助學(xué)生建立起已有知識(shí)和新知識(shí)之間的聯(lián)系,而且“在詞匯教學(xué)中運(yùn)用paraphrase,能增加學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言輸入量,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)思維的習(xí)慣,提高學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)處理信息的能力”(徐琳,2010);在視頻創(chuàng)設(shè)的語(yǔ)境下,筆者也教授了witness的名詞含義和用法。此外,在師生的問(wèn)答過(guò)程中,教師有意識(shí)地使用本節(jié)課的

        目標(biāo)詞匯destroy, event, volcano eruption, disaster, occur等來(lái)推進(jìn)課堂教學(xué),為學(xué)生的有效詞匯輸出做好鋪墊。

        (二)呈現(xiàn)

        1. 結(jié)合視頻與課文,學(xué)習(xí)第一類詞匯——關(guān)于火山爆發(fā)和淹沒(méi)龐貝

        (1)利用視頻片段與課文,梳理話題詞匯

        T: Just now, we said Pliny the Younger was the witness, because he was present. How did he describe what he saw? Please read Paragraph 1 and try to underline some key verbs and time adverbial he used to describe the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.(給學(xué)生充分的時(shí)間閱讀課文)

        T: Close your book now. Who can name out the verbs and time adverbial?

        S2: Block out, tremble, bury and August 24th, 79 AD.

        T: Good.(教師板書(shū))Any other answers?

        S3: Come down, erupt and occur.

        T: Correct.(教師板書(shū)并領(lǐng)讀動(dòng)詞)Here we have these useful verbs. Can you use these words to retell the eruption of Mount Vesuvius? It's a little hard to work out, right? Let me give you a hand. Let's enjoy the video clip again.

        第三次播放《龐貝古城:最后一天》中09:40—10:27的視頻片段,以展現(xiàn)維蘇威火山爆發(fā)淹沒(méi)龐貝城的整個(gè)過(guò)程。

        讓學(xué)生細(xì)讀課文的第一段并劃出描述火山爆發(fā)的動(dòng)詞,目的是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回歸課文并在語(yǔ)境中梳理關(guān)于火山爆發(fā)的話題詞匯,從而幫助學(xué)生聚焦相關(guān)話題詞匯,并按照語(yǔ)義歸類,形成自己的詞匯庫(kù),提高學(xué)生的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)效率。研究表明,學(xué)習(xí)者心理詞庫(kù)中的詞語(yǔ)并非是雜亂無(wú)序的,而是按照語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系構(gòu)成的組織嚴(yán)密的詞語(yǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(王華、甄鳳超,2007)。同時(shí),該環(huán)節(jié)呈現(xiàn)了與課文相關(guān)的視頻,動(dòng)態(tài)地再現(xiàn)了課文內(nèi)容,創(chuàng)設(shè)了真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言氛圍,為學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言輸出——復(fù)述火山爆發(fā)過(guò)程這一任務(wù)提供參考。

        (2)利用視頻截圖,凸顯重點(diǎn)話題短語(yǔ)

        T: Now all of us have got a general idea of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Here we have some pictures from the video clip. Please match the pictures with the phrases given.

        本環(huán)節(jié)中,教師選取了幾幅視頻截圖,幫助學(xué)生以詞義配對(duì)的方式學(xué)習(xí)volcanic eruption, come down, block out, bury everything等短語(yǔ)。這一設(shè)計(jì)是為了凸顯重點(diǎn)話題短語(yǔ),提高其重現(xiàn)率,以幫助學(xué)生注意到與主題相關(guān)的重要信息和語(yǔ)言形式。

        (3)創(chuàng)設(shè)語(yǔ)境,運(yùn)用重點(diǎn)話題短語(yǔ)

        T: Look at the pictures and phrases (on PPT). Please choose the right phrases to fill in the blanks.

        Ss: There is a curtain in our classroomblocking outthe light, which can help usbury ourselvesin our study.

        T: Good. What does “blocking out” mean? Let's read the sentence in the text together.

        T and Ss: Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns.

        T: Look at this picture again. Can we see the sun?

        Ss: No.

        T: So “block out” means “to stop light reaching a place”. Can you catch it?

        Ss: Yes.

        T: Who can volunteer to explain “bury ourselves in”?

        S4: Pay all our attention to.

        T: Do you agree with him?

        Ss: Yes.

        T: “Bury” means “cover something up”. “Bury ourselves in” means “pay all attention to”.

        無(wú)論在哪個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),教師都應(yīng)盡可能利用語(yǔ)境引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯進(jìn)行深入的理解和體會(huì)(陳

        則航、王薔,2010)。本環(huán)節(jié)中,在學(xué)生對(duì)與火山爆發(fā)相關(guān)的詞匯充分注意的基礎(chǔ)上,教師結(jié)合文本語(yǔ)境,并利用貼近學(xué)生現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的語(yǔ)境——教室環(huán)境,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在新的情境中理解并運(yùn)用blocking out, bury ourselves in,以此幫助學(xué)生鞏固并擴(kuò)展所學(xué)知識(shí)。

        2. 依托課文和視頻語(yǔ)境,適時(shí)呈現(xiàn)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)法

        (1)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

        T: Just now, we learned how Mount Vesuvius erupted. Now let's look at the key words on the blackboard. Pay attention to the time adverbial and the tense.(教師標(biāo)注出板書(shū)中的過(guò)去式和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))When we describe something in the past, here on August 24th, 79 AD, we should use the past tense, right?

        Ss: Yes.

        T: On August 24th, 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted. Pompeii was destroyed. Then what kind of city had ancient Pompeii been like before August 24th, 79 AD? Let's enjoy another video clip.

        播放《生死龐貝》中04:16—04:56的視頻片段,展示航拍的龐貝全貌,有整齊的民居、宏偉的大劇院、角斗場(chǎng)等。

        T: Impressive, right? Pompeii was buried under the ashes, so Pompeii you enjoyed just now is exactly what it had been like before the eruption. Now read Paragraph 4, then tell me what kind of city ancient Pompeii had been like.(給學(xué)生充分的時(shí)間閱讀文本)

        S5: A booming city.

        T: Good, a booming city. Please read the whole sentence (on PPT).

        Ss: Before the eruption occurred, it had been a booming Roman city with temples, markets, restaurants and theatres.

        T: Yes, before the eruption occurred, before 79 AD, it had been a booming city.(重讀had been,并板書(shū)before 79 AD)Why had Pompeii been a booming city before 79 AD? I have some background information. While reading, please identify all “had done” structures and pick them out.

        首先教師結(jié)合上一環(huán)節(jié)學(xué)生總結(jié)的火山爆發(fā)的過(guò)程以及一般過(guò)去時(shí)使用的條件,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意到火山爆發(fā)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,接著引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考過(guò)去的過(guò)去,也就是火山爆發(fā)前的龐貝是什么樣子。學(xué)生在相應(yīng)視頻語(yǔ)境中得以感知后,筆者依據(jù)課文,提出了需要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)回答的問(wèn)題,從而引出過(guò)去完成時(shí),使學(xué)生初步意識(shí)到一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。

        (2)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的語(yǔ)法構(gòu)成和使用條件

        Background information: The Mount Vesuvius is an active volcano. Before 79 AD, it had broken out several times, bringing ashes around Pompeii. Volcanic ashes contain nutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì))that are beneficial to plants, so Pompeii had been a good place for vineyard(葡萄園)before the eruption. Also thanks to the active volcano, Pompeii had been famous for its hot springs(溫泉). Fine wine, hot springs and pleasant weather had attracted many Romans to visit Pompeii frequently on vacations. Before 79 AD, Pompeii had reached its high point in society.

        T: Who can read “had done” structures for us?

        S6: Before 79 AD, it had broken out several times.

        S7: Pompeii had been a good place for the vineyard before the eruption.

        S8: Pompeii had been famous for its hot springs.

        S9: Before 79 AD, Pompeii had reached its high point in society.

        T: Good job! Pay attention to the time adverbial,“before 79 AD”. In what case we can use “had done”structure?

        S10: Something before the past.

        T: Yes, when we want to describe an action that happened before the past. In this context, before 79

        AD, we use the past perfect tense. How to form it? Tell me together.

        Ss: Had done.

        本節(jié)中筆者并未采用傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)中只在句子層面對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行講解和操練的方法(Stern, 1983),而是精心準(zhǔn)備了含有多個(gè)過(guò)去完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的背景知識(shí),讓學(xué)生閱讀并挑選其中的過(guò)去完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)及相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),從而感知目標(biāo)語(yǔ)法的語(yǔ)法構(gòu)成和使用條件。在對(duì)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)法進(jìn)行足夠詳細(xì)的語(yǔ)境化顯性教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上,確保學(xué)生掌握過(guò)去完成時(shí)的語(yǔ)法構(gòu)成。

        3. 解讀標(biāo)題,引入第二類詞匯——關(guān)于發(fā)掘龐貝及龐貝的現(xiàn)狀

        (1)思考標(biāo)題含義,引入關(guān)于發(fā)掘龐貝的詞匯

        T: Just now, we learned that ash played an important role in making Pompeii a booming city. Besides that, ash also played another important role. What's that? Please read the title together.

        Ss: Pompeii: The city that became a time capsule.

        T: 龐貝——一個(gè)成為時(shí)間膠囊的城市。

        T: What is a time capsule? What makes Pompeii a time capsule? Look at this.(展示實(shí)物膠囊)Capsule is a kind of medicine. But what does “time capsule” mean?

        Ss:(沉默)

        T: (播放PPT)Time capsule means “a container that can keep some characteristics of the time”.時(shí)間膠囊就是存放具有時(shí)代特征的物品的容器?!癈haracteristics of the time” means “something belongs to a particular time”.具有時(shí)代特征的。(教師板書(shū)) In the text, when is this particular time? Before or after 79 AD?

        Ss: Before 79 AD.

        T: Yes. What made it a “time capsule”?(再次播放火山灰掩埋龐貝的視頻截圖)

        Ss: Ash.

        T: Yes, ash. This “time capsule” had been buried under the ash for a long time until one day. Now find one sentence from Paragraph 3 to describe it.

        Ss: They had started to dig out the ancient city of Pompeii.

        T: What's inside this time capsule? Look at these objects dug out by scientists. What are they? Guess.

        S11: These are eggs and walnuts.

        T: Yes. Do they look real?

        Ss: Yes.

        T: They are real, and they are authentic.(教師板書(shū)并領(lǐng)讀)

        T: What's this? Can you guess? (教師先呈現(xiàn)在龐貝發(fā)掘的面包的圖片,然后展示龐貝壁畫(huà)中工匠制作面包的圖片)This is a bread found under the ash. Is it in good condition?

        Ss: Yes.

        T: So we can say ash helped preserve things inside Pompeii. We can also say things under the ash were well-preserved.(教師板書(shū)) Besides, ash also helped preserve buildings in Pompeii. Enjoy this clip again, then name out some buildings, or we say some architectures in it.(教師板書(shū)并領(lǐng)讀architecture)

        結(jié)合上一環(huán)節(jié)背景知識(shí)提到的火山灰的作用,筆者引出火山灰的另一作用——保存龐貝遺址。筆者通過(guò)實(shí)物展示引出標(biāo)題中的time capsule,并用目標(biāo)詞匯characteristics of the time進(jìn)行解釋,在此基礎(chǔ)上給出了該詞定義的漢語(yǔ)翻譯,這是因?yàn)橐恍I(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)(如time capsule)或表示抽象概念的詞匯(如characteristics of)適于用翻譯法教授(張獻(xiàn)臣, 2007)。接下來(lái),筆者利用圖片教授了dig out,并對(duì)描述在龐貝發(fā)掘的物品的形容詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行歸類。

        (2)觀看視頻,總結(jié)發(fā)掘龐貝與龐貝現(xiàn)狀的詞匯

        再次播放《生死龐貝》中04:16—04:56的視頻片段,展示航拍的龐貝全貌。

        T: Any difficulty in naming out some architectures? Please read Paragraph 4, then you can find the answers.

        Ss: Temple, markets, theatres, street.

        T: Are these architectures well-preserved?

        Ss: Yes.

        T: Volcanic ash helped preserve objects and architectures inside Pompeii. Then what happened to the people there? Can they survive?

        Ss: No.

        T: The next clip will help you know what happened to the people there when the disaster occurred.

        播放《龐貝古城:最后一天》中28:30—30:41的視頻片段。(很多龐貝人在海灘上等待救援。火山熔巖侵襲后,這些人瞬間變?yōu)榭窘沟氖w。)

        T: Terrible, right? Here are some more pictures.

        T: The man in this picture looks as if he is praying; these people look as if they are gathering together; and this one, he is lying on his side. We can say these pictures show the victims' exact shapes. How do you feel for the people there?

        S12: Terrible.

        S13: Sad.

        T: Read this sentence from Paragraph 5 together.

        Ss: One can only feel sorrow and deep sympathy for these people.

        T: Can it express your feeling?

        Ss: Yes.

        T: Me too. I also feel sad for these people.

        繼上一環(huán)節(jié)歸類了關(guān)于在龐貝發(fā)掘的物品的形容詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)之后,本環(huán)節(jié)筆者利用視頻和課文,歸類了關(guān)于在龐貝發(fā)掘的建筑和居民的形容詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。最后,筆者利用相關(guān)視頻情境,層層鋪墊,讓學(xué)生自然而然地體會(huì)到sorrow和sympathy。

        上一環(huán)節(jié)與本環(huán)節(jié)需要處理的目標(biāo)詞匯較多。在設(shè)計(jì)每個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的銜接時(shí),筆者借鑒化學(xué)里的“鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)”原理(楊芝雨,2006),精心設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)渡語(yǔ),巧妙地把每個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)串聯(lián)起來(lái),使學(xué)生在不知不覺(jué)中進(jìn)入新的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí),改變了“就事論事”“見(jiàn)什么教什么”的單調(diào)、枯燥的知識(shí)點(diǎn)導(dǎo)入方式(楊芝雨,2006);同時(shí),筆者注意將語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)以語(yǔ)義分類的方式呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生,激發(fā)了學(xué)生的聯(lián)想、歸納等思維活動(dòng),也使得新知識(shí)更加條理化、系統(tǒng)化。

        (三)鞏固與拓展

        1. 小結(jié)

        T:(教師指著板書(shū)進(jìn)行小結(jié))Today we learned how Pompeii was destroyed in 79 AD, what kind of city it had been like before 79 AD and what can be found by visitors in Pompeii today. What's your feeling after learning this text?

        S14: Sad.

        T: Why?

        S14: Because so many people died and such a good city was destroyed.

        T: Do you agree?

        Ss: Yes.

        T: But a great writer Goethe expressed his feeling like this after visiting Pompeii: “Many a calamity has happened in the world, but never one that has caused so much entertainment to posterity as this one.”(在世界上發(fā)生的諸多災(zāi)難中,還從未有過(guò)任何災(zāi)難像龐貝一樣,它帶給后人的是如此巨大的愉悅。)

        2. 討論

        T: Do you agree with his comment? Why or why not? Discuss with your partners, please. Try to use more key words and “had done” structures on the blackboard in your discussion.

        筆者要求學(xué)生在討論和做陳述時(shí),都盡可能使用黑板上列出的關(guān)鍵詞和過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

        T: I will show you two more video clips. One will present tragedy happening to Pompeii again; the other one will show the greatness of Pompeii.

        再次播放《龐貝古城:最后一天》中28:30—30:41的視頻片段,展示龐貝人等待救援并瞬間被熔巖烤焦的場(chǎng)景。

        播放《生死龐貝》中04:16—04:56和9:10—12:10的視頻片段,展示游客參觀龐貝城宏偉的劇院、

        角斗場(chǎng)、寬闊的街道的場(chǎng)景,以及史學(xué)家瑪麗·比爾德在鏡頭前展示被發(fā)掘出的精致的首飾、錢(qián)幣的場(chǎng)景。

        分析:輸出活動(dòng)是檢查閱讀理解程度、培養(yǎng)思維能力、提高語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力及主動(dòng)建構(gòu)知識(shí)的重要階段(程瑜,2008)。在本環(huán)節(jié),為了幫助學(xué)生在學(xué)與用之間建立聯(lián)系、實(shí)現(xiàn)兩者之間的無(wú)縫對(duì)接,筆者設(shè)計(jì)了輸出任務(wù),請(qǐng)學(xué)生討論是否贊成歌德的評(píng)論,并給出理由。兩段視頻分別展現(xiàn)了龐貝被淹沒(méi)時(shí)的悲慘以及現(xiàn)今被保存之完好,為學(xué)生表達(dá)相應(yīng)觀點(diǎn)提供了依據(jù)。同時(shí),在呈現(xiàn)板書(shū)時(shí),筆者逐步給出了輸出環(huán)節(jié)學(xué)生可能用到的目標(biāo)詞匯,這樣既能加深學(xué)生對(duì)目標(biāo)詞匯的記憶和對(duì)文章的理解,又能有效地幫助學(xué)生完成輸出任務(wù)。

        四、感悟與反思

        本節(jié)閱讀研討課后,筆者與學(xué)生進(jìn)行了交流。他們表示本課對(duì)BBC紀(jì)錄片的使用使得抽象的文本內(nèi)容形象化,激發(fā)了他們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。筆者認(rèn)為本課的成功之處在于以下幾點(diǎn):

        首先,筆者嘗試以話題為中心重組教材,而不是傳統(tǒng)地按部就班地教教材。筆者圍繞本課話題,利用BBC相關(guān)視頻重新整合信息,將文本內(nèi)容、話題知識(shí)、語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)有效地融合在一起。

        其次,在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回歸課文并在語(yǔ)境中梳理相關(guān)話題詞匯時(shí),筆者巧妙地把握詞匯教學(xué)的時(shí)機(jī),適時(shí)進(jìn)行目標(biāo)詞匯的呈現(xiàn)和復(fù)現(xiàn),使學(xué)生逐步加深對(duì)目標(biāo)詞匯的理解和掌握。

        此外,筆者注意在教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的演進(jìn)中始終貫穿學(xué)生對(duì)目標(biāo)詞匯的學(xué)習(xí),并注重目標(biāo)詞匯與語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的環(huán)環(huán)相扣。

        最后,筆者利用相關(guān)視頻及板書(shū)生成,有效地促成了學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言輸出。

        《全日制義務(wù)教育普通高級(jí)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn)稿)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《課標(biāo)》)(教育部,2001)提出:“教師要積極利用音像、電視、書(shū)刊雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息等豐富的教學(xué)資源,拓展學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的渠道。”在本次研討課結(jié)束后,課題組進(jìn)一步對(duì)選取BBC紀(jì)錄片素材提出了以下建議和設(shè)想:

        第一,在將BBC紀(jì)錄片引入閱讀課時(shí),教師應(yīng)仔細(xì)分析教材及相關(guān)視頻資料,尋找視頻與課文的最佳結(jié)合點(diǎn),同時(shí)應(yīng)從學(xué)生的學(xué)情出發(fā)進(jìn)行教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),只有這樣才能有效地落實(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。

        第二,BBC紀(jì)錄片篇幅短小,語(yǔ)言凝練,富含文化韻味。在下一階段,筆者所在學(xué)校將結(jié)合北師大版高中英語(yǔ)教材單元閱讀話題,將相關(guān)紀(jì)錄片,比如《美麗中國(guó)》(Wild China)、《中國(guó)學(xué)?!罚–hinese School)的文字解說(shuō)進(jìn)行整理、改寫(xiě),以補(bǔ)充閱讀材料的形式呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生。

        第三,《課標(biāo)》中關(guān)于文化意識(shí)的八級(jí)目標(biāo)包括:“了解英語(yǔ)國(guó)家主要的文學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家、科學(xué)家的經(jīng)歷、成就和貢獻(xiàn);初步了解主要英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的情況等?!睘榱擞行н_(dá)成上述目標(biāo),課題組準(zhǔn)備在本校開(kāi)設(shè)選修課,擬將BBC紀(jì)錄片《英倫歷史》(A History of Britain)和《女王的宮殿》(The Queen's Palaces)推薦給學(xué)生。

        Stern, H. H. 1983.Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

        陳則航,王薔. 2010. 以主題意義為核心的詞匯教學(xué)探究 [J]. 中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),(3): 20—25

        程瑜. 2008. 初中英語(yǔ)閱讀語(yǔ)言輸出活動(dòng)有效性探究[J]. 英語(yǔ)教師,(9): 3—9

        王華,甄鳳超. 2007. 透過(guò)主題詞和關(guān)鍵主題詞管窺中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)交際能力中的詞語(yǔ)知識(shí) [J].外語(yǔ)界,(1): 29—38

        徐琳. 2010. 運(yùn)用情景語(yǔ)境策略培養(yǎng)高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)生的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)能力 [J]. 中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),(3): 26—31

        楊芝雨. 2006. 簡(jiǎn)述詞匯復(fù)習(xí)之“鏈?zhǔn)綒w納法”及其他方法 [EB/OL]. http://www.ewteacher.com/r5—article—30900.html,2006—09—25/2014—01—05.

        張獻(xiàn)臣. 2007. 課程理念下中學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)的問(wèn)題

        與對(duì)策 [J]. 中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),(6): 6—14

        中華人民共和國(guó)教育部. 2001. 全日制義務(wù)教育普通高級(jí)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn)稿)[S]. 北京:北京師范大學(xué)出版社.

        通訊地址:239300 安徽省天長(zhǎng)中學(xué)

        電子信箱:tzdongmin@126.com

        編輯:劉娟娟

        G623. 31

        B

        1009-2536 (2014) 02-0105-08

        2014-02

        * 本文是2012年安徽省級(jí)課題“基于‘鏈接生活’活化閱讀教學(xué)的實(shí)踐研究”(課題編號(hào)JG12147)的階段性成果。

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