LEED

LEED

LEED綠色建筑評(píng)估體系是一種自愿性評(píng)級(jí)系統(tǒng)，廣泛用于評(píng)估建筑物的“可持續(xù)性”。它通過評(píng)比可持續(xù)特點(diǎn)的各項(xiàng)得分來運(yùn)作。根據(jù)得分，項(xiàng)目被認(rèn)證為銅、銀、金或白金等級(jí)。每次評(píng)出一個(gè)建筑，這個(gè)世界就可以成為可持續(xù)的世界嗎？

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a voluntary rating system widely used to assess the "sustainability" of a building. It works with credits that can be earned for sustainable features. Depending on the number of points collected, projects are certified Bronze, Silver, Gold or Platinum. Can the world become sustainable one building at a time?

LEED是迄今為止美國(guó)可持續(xù)建設(shè)中最有影響力的私人舉措，正在迅速向外發(fā)展：囊括了全世界5萬(wàn)個(gè)項(xiàng)目，包括28億m2的商業(yè)和機(jī)構(gòu)空間，以及超過11.7萬(wàn)套住宅單元。LEED被135個(gè)國(guó)家使用。

LEED is by far the most influential private initiative in sustainable construction in the USA and it is rapidly exporting itself： 50000 projects worldwide, comprising 2.8 billion m2of commercial and institutional space, and more than 117000 housing units. LEED is used in 135 countries.

不過，一個(gè)融合所有技術(shù)手段的建筑就一定是可持續(xù)的建筑嗎？不管其功能？停車場(chǎng)算不算是一個(gè)可持續(xù)的建筑？停車場(chǎng)是否應(yīng)該貼上“可持續(xù)”的標(biāo)簽？

But is a building that ticks all the boxes of technological fixes necessarily a sustainable building? Regardless of its function? Can a car park be a sustainable building? Should a car park be labelled "sustainable"?

有了LEED認(rèn)證體系，可持續(xù)性和建筑風(fēng)格被明確分開。什么樣的設(shè)計(jì)都可以拿到分?jǐn)?shù)。

With the LEED certification system, sustainability and architectural style are clearly uncoupled. Credits can be earned for any design.

通過做出特定的設(shè)計(jì)選擇，在不同類別（節(jié)水、材料和資源等）中獲得分?jǐn)?shù)。制造商為他們的產(chǎn)品游說以提高LEED評(píng)分，并且根據(jù)LEED的規(guī)定來調(diào)整設(shè)計(jì)。

By making specific design choices, credits in different categories (water efficiency, materials & resources, etc.) are earned. Manufacturers lobby for their products to yield LEED credits, and adapt designs to conform to LEED prescriptions.

加油站呢？可持續(xù)性是否只是相對(duì)的？加油站上面的口號(hào)“a little better”，似乎也有此深意。這個(gè)加油站是在英國(guó)石油公司深水地平線石油泄漏事件的前兩年建造的。

What about a petrol station? Is sustainability only relative? The slogan above the petrol station, "a little better", seems to think so. This station was built two years prior to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

問題：用來頌揚(yáng)兩次毫無意義的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的建筑物，能被視為對(duì)把世界打造成一個(gè)更加美好的地方做出實(shí)質(zhì)性貢獻(xiàn)嗎？

Question： can a building used to glorify two pointless wars be considered a serous contribution to making the world a better place?

評(píng)論

周宇舫：美國(guó)LEED標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)成為了世界各國(guó)參照最多的綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。業(yè)主和設(shè)計(jì)師都會(huì)對(duì)自己的建筑得了LEED獎(jiǎng)牌而沾沾自喜。善于反思的人群對(duì)此抱有異議：一個(gè)得LEED金獎(jiǎng)的停車樓算是綠色建筑么？LEED獎(jiǎng)牌對(duì)具有道德異議的建筑又如何評(píng)判？或許LEED本質(zhì)上應(yīng)該只是建筑技術(shù)上的一個(gè)優(yōu)化指南，而不應(yīng)該是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和嘉獎(jiǎng)，甚至是象征。

孫凌波：LEED在對(duì)可持續(xù)建筑的指標(biāo)評(píng)估體系的定義、規(guī)范化，以及對(duì)整個(gè)行業(yè)發(fā)展的促進(jìn)有目共睹。但是，生活環(huán)境的可持續(xù)性是否都可用以性能、效率為導(dǎo)向的技術(shù)指標(biāo)來衡量？如果所有的建筑都得到高分，整個(gè)世界就可持續(xù)了么？這里提出的對(duì)停車樓、加油站的質(zhì)疑，也在提醒我們，對(duì)技術(shù)的過多關(guān)注有可能將建筑的發(fā)展引向僵化的誤區(qū)，向更為集約的生活方式的改變或許比在技術(shù)上的純粹追求要有效得多。

Comments

ZHOU Yufang:The USGBC's LEED standards have become the world's most popular Green Architecture rating system. Most clients and architects are happy enough to achieve a LEED ratings for their buildings. But the system is not an entirely effective panacea, one that doesn't seem to have answers for some fundamental questions-Can a LEED awarded parking building be considered "green"? How do LEED criteria work in the case of morally controversial-but perhaps technically expert-architecture? Might not LEED be better understood as a technical guide for optimization, rather than a standard, award or even symbol?

SUN Lingbo:LEED's efforts to define sustainable building standards and its promotion of the whole sustainable industry are well known. But can we really evaluate the sustainability of our living environment simply on the basis of performance-oriented credits? When all buildings yield high credits will the world be sustainable? The parking building and gas station here are a strong reminder that too much focus on technological efficiency tends to deaden and stupefy the initiatives. Maybe a sustainable, simple and long-term life style could be more effective than these technological advancements.

1 “LEED”展臺(tái)/The table of "LEED"

2 “世界上最大的致力于綠色建筑的國(guó)際會(huì)議和展覽”G r e e n b u i l d視頻，每年由美國(guó)綠色建筑委員會(huì)（USGBC）主辦。在全體會(huì)議開幕式上，USGBC的總裁、首席執(zhí)行官兼創(chuàng)始人里克·費(fèi)德里奇談到LEED認(rèn)證體系所取得的成就。

Video from Greenbuild, "the world's largest international conference and expo dedicated to green buildings" organised annually by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC). During the plenary opening session, Rick Fedrizzi, President, CEO and co-founder of USGBC talks about the accomplishments of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification scheme.

綠色建筑大會(huì)，美國(guó)綠色建筑協(xié)會(huì)，加利福尼亞州舊金山（美國(guó)），2012年/Greenbuild Conference by United States Green Building Council in San Francisco CA, (USA), 2012

3 教授使用歐特克建筑信息模型軟件設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)械、電氣和水暖管道以獲得LEED評(píng)分的視頻教程。

Video tutorial on how to gain LEED credits for plumbing systems using the software suite Autodesk Revit Architecture in combination with MEP, a mechanical, electrical and plumbing plug-in.

項(xiàng)目/Project： 歐特克綠色建筑分析，加利福尼亞州圣拉斐爾（美國(guó)），2009年/Autodesk Ecotect Analyses by Autodesk, San Rafael CA (USA), 2009

4 “車輛都被漆成綠色，軍隊(duì)作戰(zhàn)服都用綠線縫制，官方軍隊(duì)的歷史載入綠皮書。如今，世界各地的軍隊(duì)裝置通過實(shí)施綠色建筑相關(guān)實(shí)踐，共同實(shí)現(xiàn)總體的可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)?！?/p>

2.65萬(wàn)m2（28.5萬(wàn)平方英尺）的美軍歐洲總部大樓，沙利科什維利將軍任務(wù)指揮中心。

"Vehicles are painted green; Army combat uniforms are stitched with green thread, and official Army history is captured in the Green Books. Today, Army installations throughout the world are linked through the implementation of green building practices to collectively achieve overarching sustainability goals." 285 000-square-foot U.S. Army Europe headquarters building, the General Shalikashvili Mission Command Center.

項(xiàng)目/Project： 威斯巴登陸軍機(jī)場(chǎng)，美國(guó)陸軍工兵部隊(duì)，威斯巴登（德國(guó)），2012年/Wiesbaden Army Airfield, by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wiesbaden (Germany), 2012

5、6 美國(guó)首個(gè)獲得LEED認(rèn)證的停車場(chǎng)照片及分析圖示。該建筑可容納882輛車，并專門為電動(dòng)車預(yù)留14個(gè)車位。其可持續(xù)性特點(diǎn)包括：一個(gè)雨水處理系統(tǒng)、來自本地的可回收建筑材料，以及散發(fā)少量揮發(fā)性有機(jī)成分的涂料。屋頂及東西立面裝有太陽(yáng)能電池板，提供建筑的能源需求。

Images and diagrams of America's first LEED certified parking structure. The building houses up to 882 cars and reserves 14 places devoted to electric vehicles. Its sustainable features include： a storm water treatment system, locally sourced and recycled construction materials and paints that emit few volatile organic components. Solar panels on the roof, east and west facing facades provide the building's energy requirements.

項(xiàng)目/Project： 市民中心停車場(chǎng)，莫爾-羅布-雅戴爾建筑與規(guī)劃事務(wù)所，國(guó)際停車廠設(shè)計(jì)公司，加利福尼亞州圣莫尼卡（美國(guó)），2007年/Civic Center Parking Structure, by Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners and International Parking Design, Santa Monica, CA (USA), 2007（攝影/Photo： John Edward Linden）

7 一個(gè)經(jīng)過LEED認(rèn)證的英國(guó)石油公司加油站。其可持續(xù)性特點(diǎn)包括綠化屋頂、太陽(yáng)能板、節(jié)能照明和對(duì)舊加油站服務(wù)終端的再利用。新建成的天篷由1653塊不銹鋼板組成。

Photo of a LEED certified BP petrol station. Its sustainability features include green roofs, solar panels, energy-efficient lighting and the reuse of the kiosk stand from the previous petrol station. The newly built canopy consists of 1, 653 stainless steel panels.

項(xiàng)目/Project： 太陽(yáng)神大廈加油站，Office dA事務(wù)所，約翰遜·馬克里，加利福尼亞州洛杉磯（美國(guó)），2007年/Helios House Petrol Station, by Office dA and Johnston Marklee, Los Angeles, CA (USA), 2007（攝影/Photo： Eric Staudenmaier）