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        高中英語(yǔ)三位一體寫(xiě)作模式初探

        2013-12-31 00:00:00劉卉

        摘 要:本文以實(shí)例介紹了三位一體寫(xiě)作教學(xué)模式在高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用。重在詳解寫(xiě)中階段的審題、構(gòu)思和成文的思維導(dǎo)向,特別是由詞到句階段的跳躍過(guò)程。

        關(guān)鍵詞:三位一體 寫(xiě)作教學(xué)模式 高中英語(yǔ)

        中圖分類號(hào):G623 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1673-9795(2013)06(c)-0052-02

        三位一體寫(xiě)作教學(xué)模式是我校教師在積極探索有效教學(xué)的過(guò)程中,根據(jù)我校的學(xué)生實(shí)際創(chuàng)造性地提出來(lái)的一種寫(xiě)作模式。它以建構(gòu)主義理論教學(xué)法和認(rèn)知心理學(xué)為指導(dǎo),結(jié)合寫(xiě)作中常用的結(jié)果法、過(guò)程法、體裁法和支架式教學(xué)而逐步形成的一種寫(xiě)作模式。

        它強(qiáng)調(diào)寫(xiě)前、寫(xiě)中和寫(xiě)后的一體化;自主探索、同伴互助和教師輔助的一體化;審題、構(gòu)思和成文的一體化;人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和要點(diǎn)的一體化;開(kāi)頭、正文和結(jié)尾的一體化;由詞到句、由句到段和由段到文的一體化。(見(jiàn)圖1)

        本文以實(shí)例介紹寫(xiě)作實(shí)施過(guò)程。

        寫(xiě)作任務(wù):假定你是班長(zhǎng)李華,上個(gè)月你班美籍同學(xué)Jack因病住院,你班老師囑咐你給Jack發(fā)封E-mail,告知你自己以及班內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容、寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)和要求給Jack寫(xiě)E-mail。

        寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn):

        (1)詢問(wèn)Jack的病情。

        (2)告訴Jack你的情況和班內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情。

        (3)祝愿他早日康復(fù)。

        要求:

        (1)短文須寫(xiě)在答題卡指定區(qū)域。

        (2)短文字?jǐn)?shù)不少于100(不含寫(xiě)好的部分)。

        (3)內(nèi)容充實(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)完整,語(yǔ)意連貫。

        (4)書(shū)寫(xiě)清晰、工整。

        對(duì)于半開(kāi)放作文而言,內(nèi)容與形式同樣重要,學(xué)生面臨的困難不僅僅是如何寫(xiě),寫(xiě)什么更是關(guān)鍵。因此,作文的第一步,教師要先與學(xué)生討論寫(xiě)什么內(nèi)容。根據(jù)討論內(nèi)容初步確定寫(xiě)以下七個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。

        (1)你好點(diǎn)了嗎?(2)我們很掛念你。(3)上周我參加了學(xué)校舉辦的演講比賽,并且得了第一名,我很高興。(4)我們是高三了,現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。(5)我們換了一個(gè)歷史老師,他的課堂風(fēng)趣活潑,我們都喜歡他上課。(6)我們班新轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)一位同學(xué),他活潑可愛(ài),我們喜歡與他交朋友。(7)希望你盡快恢復(fù),這樣我們就可以一起生活與學(xué)習(xí)了。

        寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容確定之后,就要進(jìn)一步討論有關(guān)審題、構(gòu)思和成文的步驟。

        1 審題

        (1)人稱:第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱。

        (2)時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主,可能將來(lái)時(shí)。

        (3)要點(diǎn):詢問(wèn)Jack的病情;告訴Jack你的情況和班內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情;祝愿他早日康復(fù)。

        2 構(gòu)思

        (1)開(kāi)頭:詢問(wèn)Jack的病情。

        (2)正文:告訴Jack你的情況和班內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情。

        (3)結(jié)尾:祝愿他早日康復(fù)。

        在成文階段,要注重引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用不同的句式表達(dá)同一內(nèi)容,特別是簡(jiǎn)單句,并列和主從復(fù)合句的靈活轉(zhuǎn)化,以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等高級(jí)表達(dá)的綜合使用。

        3 成文

        由詞到句。

        (1)你好點(diǎn)了嗎?

        well/fine/better

        Have you got any better?

        Are you well/better now?

        Are you feeling well/better now?

        (2)我們很掛念/想念你。

        be concerned about/miss

        We are really concerned about you.

        We miss you very much.

        (3)上周我參加了學(xué)校舉辦的演講比賽,并且得了第一名,我很高興。

        take part in held speech contest the first

        Last week,our school held a speech contest.I took part in it and got the first.I am happy.

        Last week, I took part in the speech contest held by our school.I got the first.I feel really happy.

        Last week,I took part in the speech contest held by our school.I got the first,which makes me happy.

        (4)我們是高三了,現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。

        Senior Three students work harder.

        We are Senior Three students now, so we work harder than ever before.

        As you know,we are Senior Three students now,so we are working harder than ever before.

        As you know,we are Senior Three students now,so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.

        (5)我們換了一個(gè)歷史老師,他的課堂活潑有趣,我們都喜歡上他的課。

        have lively and interesting

        We have a new history teacher, Mr Zhang, whose lesson is lively and interesting. We like his lessons now.

        Mr Zhang is our new history teacher. He makes the class lively and interesting. We like his lessons now.

        We have a new history teacher. He makes the class lively and interesting, so we all like history lessons now.

        (6)我們班新轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)一位同學(xué),他活潑幽默,我們喜歡與他交朋友。

        have lovely and humorous make friends with

        We have a new classmate,too.He is lovely and humorous.We like to make friends with him.

        There is a new classmate in our class, too,who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.

        We have a new classmate,too.He is such a lovely and humorous boy that we like to make friends with him.

        (7)希望你盡快恢復(fù),這樣我們就可以一起生活與學(xué)習(xí)了。

        soon /as soon as possible/you can recover from study and play together.

        I hope you can recover from your illness soon.We can study and play together.

        I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as possible/you can.We can study and play together.

        I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as possible/you can so that we can study and play together.

        由句到段。

        你好點(diǎn)了嗎?我們很想念你。

        (1)Have you got any better?We are really concerned about you.

        上周我參加了學(xué)校舉辦的演講比賽,并且得了第一名,我很高興。我們是高三了,現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。我們換了一個(gè)歷史老師,他的課堂風(fēng)趣活潑,我們都喜歡他上課。我們班新轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)一位同學(xué),他幽默可愛(ài),我們喜歡與他交朋友。

        (2)Last week,I took part in a speech contest held by our school.I got the first,which makes me happy.As you know, we are Senior Three students now,so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.We have a new history teacher,Mr Zhang, who makes the class likely and interesting. We like history lesson now.There is a new classmate in our class,too,who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.

        希望你盡快恢復(fù),這樣我們就可以一起生活與學(xué)習(xí)了。

        (3)I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as you can,so that we can study and play together.

        由段到文。

        Dear Jack,

        I’m sorry you are ill in bed.Have you got any better?We are really concerned about you.

        Last week,I took part in a speech contest held by our school.I got the first,which makes me happy.As you know, we are Senior Three students now,so we all make full use of every minute and work harder than ever before.We have a new history teacher,Mr Zhang, who makes the class likely and interesting.We like history lessons now.There is a new classmate in our class,too,who is so lovely and humorous that we like to make friends with him.

        I hope you can recover from your illness as soon as you can,so that we can study and play together.

        Yours

        Li Hua

        在此寫(xiě)作模式中,教師不要大包大攬,一定要以學(xué)生為中心,基于學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ),不斷提升學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作能力,并且要使不同能力的學(xué)生都要得到提高。

        參考文獻(xiàn)

        [1]陳華奇.高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)中有效的合作學(xué)習(xí)[J].中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究,2006(7).

        [2]高旭陽(yáng).寫(xiě)作檔案袋:過(guò)程寫(xiě)作法實(shí)施中有效的載體[J].中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究,2006(1).

        [3]劉建良.高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作錯(cuò)誤成因及訓(xùn)練策略[J].中國(guó)教育學(xué)刊,2006(4):70-71.

        [4]路世英.支架式教學(xué)在高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用[J].中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究,2007.

        [5]路世英.支架式教學(xué)在高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用[D].西安:陜西師范大學(xué),2008.

        [6]吳顯有.英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文體關(guān)注——兼談中學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)[J].課程·教材·教法,2006(7):39-43.

        [7]徐桂芳.高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)的實(shí)踐與探索[J].中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué),2006(3):21-24.

        [8]鐘啟泉.知識(shí)建構(gòu)與教學(xué)創(chuàng)新—社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義知識(shí)論及其啟示[J].全球教育展望,2006(8):12-18.

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