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        中考賓語從句全攻略

        2013-04-29 18:56:18郭曉麗
        都市家教·上半月 2013年6期

        郭曉麗

        賓語從句在初中英語語法中有著相當(dāng)重要的地位,幾乎每年的中考都有對(duì)賓語從句不同角度的考查。筆者認(rèn)真研讀了近年來有關(guān)賓語從句的中考題,發(fā)現(xiàn)其考查的重點(diǎn)一般都集中在以下幾個(gè)方面:

        一、考查賓語從句的連接詞

        (1)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí),用that引導(dǎo),that無實(shí)在意義,在口語和非正式文體中常省略。

        例.Miss Liu said ____ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. 【A】

        A.that B.where C.which D.what

        (2)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí),用if或whether引導(dǎo),意為“是否”。

        例.I don't know ____ he still lives here. 【D】

        A.where B.what C.when D.whether

        應(yīng)試規(guī)律:當(dāng)if和whether(表示“是否”)引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下幾種情況:

        a.介詞之后的賓語從句,只能用whether連接,而不用if。

        b.在具有選擇意義又有or或or not時(shí),尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí),往往用whether;

        c.動(dòng)詞不定式之前,只能用whether。

        (3)由特殊疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí),只需用原來的特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)。

        例:—Be careful! Don't break the bottles. Do you hear ____ I said, Jim?

        —Yes, mum. 【A】

        A.what B.that C.why D.if

        例:—Do you know ____miss Gao will leave?

        —Tomorrow morning. 【A】

        A.when B.what C.who D.where

        二、考查賓語從句的語序

        總的來說,無論原句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語從句都應(yīng)用陳述語序。即:“連接詞+主語+謂語+其他”。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的成分不同,可分為:

        (1)連接詞在從句中作主語時(shí),其語序?yàn)椋骸斑B接詞+謂語+其他”。常見的連接詞有:who, what等。

        例:Could you tell me ____?【B】

        A.where is the post office B.who knows the answer

        C.what are they doing D.when does the shop open

        例:Can you tell me ____? 【A】

        A.what's wrong with the bike

        B.what wrong is with the bike

        C.what the bike is wrong with

        D.what wrong is the bike with

        考題分析:what's wrong with…?是一個(gè)特殊疑問句。而同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)賓語從句時(shí),老師反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句部分應(yīng)用陳述句語序,所以許多同學(xué)在閱讀后,常迅速排除A項(xiàng)。殊不知,此處what在從句中充當(dāng)主語,what's wrong with the bike正是陳述句語序,故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

        (2)當(dāng)連接詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語、狀語或表語時(shí),其語序?yàn)椋骸斑B接詞+主語+謂語+其他”。常見的連接詞有:what, where, which, how many, how far, why等。

        例.The students are studying hard, for they know ____. 【C】

        A.what are they studying for

        B.what are they studying

        C.what they are studying for

        D.why they are studying for

        例:You must remember ____.【A】

        A.what your teacher said

        B.what did your teacher say

        C.your teacher said what

        D.what has your teacher said

        例:I don't know ____. 【C】

        A.which room I can live

        B.which room can I live

        C.which room I can live in

        D.which room can I live in

        考題分析:如果連接詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞后介詞的賓語,并被放到從句句首時(shí),不及物動(dòng)詞后的介詞不能少。

        (3)當(dāng)連接詞在從句中作賓語的定語時(shí),其語序?yàn)椤斑B接詞+賓語+主語+謂語+其他”。常見的連接詞有:what, which等。

        例:—I hear we'll have a new teacher this term.

        —Really? Do you know ____? 【D】

        A.what subject does he teach B.what subject will he teach

        C.what subject is he going to teach D.what subject he teaches

        三、考查賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)

        在賓語從句中,從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要與主句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng),其主要考點(diǎn)包括以下三點(diǎn):

        (1)如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。

        例:—Do you know ____? I'm going to see him.

        —Sorry, I don't know. 【C】

        A.where does Mr Li live

        B.where did Mr Li live

        C.where Mr Li lives

        D.where Mr Li lived

        (2)如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)需要,選擇相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。

        例:He asked me ____. 【C】

        A.who did kick the first goal in the World Cup

        B.when was the APEC meeting held

        C.when China became a member of the WTO

        D.where the 2008 Olympics will be held

        (3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等,不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài),從句的時(shí)態(tài)都用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

        例:When I was young, my grandfather told me that the moon ____ around the earth. 【A】

        A.goes B.to go C.went D.had gone

        例:The teacher told us that light ____ much faster than sound. 【A】

        A.travels B.travelled C.would travel D.had traveled

        四、注意幾個(gè)事項(xiàng)

        (1)由陳述句變成賓語從句時(shí),要注意人稱的變化。

        例:She said: “I have been to England before.”

        —She said that she had been to England before.

        例:She asked me: “Do you like maths?”

        —She asked me if I liked maths.

        (2)賓語從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。

        由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個(gè)人時(shí),可以用“疑問詞+不定式”做賓語的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。

        例:I dont know what I should do next.

        —I dont know what to do next.

        例:He didnt know where he would live.

        —He didnt know where to live.

        (3)Could you tell me…是用來征詢對(duì)方的意見,語氣委婉,并不表示過去。

        例:Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?

        五、考查兩個(gè)易混點(diǎn)

        在復(fù)合句中,when和if不但可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句,因此要分析整句話所表達(dá)的意義,特別要注意分清是賓語從句還是狀語從句。

        (1)if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)(意為“是否”),其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)。當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)(意為“如果”),如主句時(shí)態(tài)是將來時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。

        例.Do you know if ____ back next week? If he ____ back, please let me know. 【C】

        A.he comes;will come

        B.will he come;comes

        C.he will come;comes

        D.will he come;will come

        (2)when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)(意為“何時(shí)”),其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)。當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)(意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”),如主句是將來時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。

        例:—Do you know when he ____ back? 【C】

        —Sorry, I don't. When he ____ back, I'll tell you.

        A.comes;comes B.comes;will come

        C.will come;comes D.will come;will come

        總之,關(guān)于賓語從句的語法知識(shí)雖然繁多,但各地中考對(duì)該考點(diǎn)的考查都集中體現(xiàn)在以上幾點(diǎn)上,所以只要讓學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)多加注意,自然會(huì)收到預(yù)期的效果:①抓準(zhǔn)考點(diǎn),對(duì)其逐一歸納,形成知識(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。②考前進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)膶m?xiàng)訓(xùn)練,增強(qiáng)解題能力。③緊扣易混知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比記憶和練習(xí),提高復(fù)習(xí)的效率。

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