摘 要:大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試中聽力部分考查學(xué)生理解口頭英語的能力,檢測(cè)學(xué)生語言運(yùn)用的能力,以及考查學(xué)生獲取信息和處理信息的能力。聽力材料中包含了大量的信息。聽力材料中的那些“關(guān)鍵詞”恰恰反映了整篇聽力材料的“主旨”,因此考生解答聽力題就是要正確捕捉“關(guān)鍵詞”。
關(guān)鍵詞:大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試;聽力;關(guān)鍵詞;地點(diǎn)與場(chǎng)景
作者簡(jiǎn)介:張潔(1983-),女,甘肅蘭州人,寶雞職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院助教,研究方向:英語教學(xué)。
[中圖分類號(hào)]:G633.41[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]:A
[文章編號(hào)]:1002-2139(2013)-8-0-02
大學(xué)英語四級(jí)聽力考試(新題型)加大了對(duì)聽力部分的考察。聽力部分占據(jù)整個(gè)考試分值的35%,對(duì)于許多重讀寫輕聽說的考生來說,這無疑是加大了難度。為了考查學(xué)生理解口頭英語的能力,檢測(cè)學(xué)生語言運(yùn)用的能力,以及考查學(xué)生獲取信息和處理信息的能力,聽力材料中包含了大量的信息,那么,如何從這些紛繁復(fù)雜的信息中快速提取有價(jià)值的信息呢?這就需要特別關(guān)注聽力材料中的那些“關(guān)鍵詞”。盡管很多聽力材料比較冗長(zhǎng),情景相對(duì)復(fù)雜,但其中的“關(guān)鍵詞”恰恰反映了整篇聽力材料的“主旨”,因此解答聽力題就是要正確捕捉“關(guān)鍵詞”。
根據(jù)聽力材料中“關(guān)鍵詞”的差異,筆者把聽力題的考點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單地分成了以下三類:地點(diǎn)與場(chǎng)景題、時(shí)間與數(shù)字題、職業(yè)與身份題。本篇將通過對(duì)聽力材料中“關(guān)鍵詞”的分析,淺析一下英語四級(jí)聽力考試中地點(diǎn)與場(chǎng)景題的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。
Example 1:
M: Ill have the steak, French Fries, and lets see, chocolate ice-cream for dessert.
W: Oh, Oh, you know this things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?
Q: Where does this conversation most probaly take place?
A) At a clinic. B) In a supermarket.
C) At a restaurant. D) In an icecream shop.
解析:選C。對(duì)話主題是點(diǎn)餐,即第一個(gè)人點(diǎn)了一些肉類和甜食,第二個(gè)人提出用蔬菜代替肉類和甜食的建議。本題并不要求記錄餐點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,而是推理對(duì)話地點(diǎn)。對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)了steak、FrenchFries、chocolateice-cream和somevegetablesandfruit,與飯館有關(guān),故本題應(yīng)選擇C選項(xiàng)。
以上這個(gè)例題,是在給了一定的信息后,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)“關(guān)鍵詞”推理對(duì)話最有可能在什么地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行。因此,考生需要捕捉對(duì)話中的“關(guān)鍵詞”,然后根據(jù)地點(diǎn)與場(chǎng)景題的解題策略,做出正確的判斷。
以下,筆者將英語四級(jí)聽力考試中常常出現(xiàn)的以地點(diǎn)為主題的詞群進(jìn)行歸納,以幫助考生更加迅速,更加準(zhǔn)確地做出選擇:
1) Library
liabrarian periodical borrow magazine lend journal check out current issue back issue renew bound volume index lirary card readers card borrowers card reference book dictionary
2) School
campus dorm department gym tuition credit thesis
hour course group discussion seminar term paper graduation extension final exam freshman sophomore junior senior program BA/BS MA/MS Ph.D MBA semester lab
3) Hospital
clinic medicine pill tablet heart attack dizzy
faint surgeon physician dentistoperation examine stomachache visiting hours high blood pressure
4) Hotel
make a reservation reception desk receptionist register fee
single room double room fill out a form porter VAT
bathroom Room Service accomodation hot water fiil up
check in check out air-conditioner
5) Restaurant
menu order waiter waitress hamburger pay the bill shrimp pudding apple pie tray fork knife spoon steak fried rice Its my treat.
6) Bank
open an account deposit bankbook saving account ATM demand note interest rate draw/withdraw money
7) Post Office
mail/send/post a letter postage airmail register letter stamp postal clerk parcel overweight remittance cable
8) Telephone Office
operator put through leave a massage The connaction is bad. have a telephone installed
9) Airport
flight departure take off passport land passenger left-luggage office see sb. off
10) Airplane
jet air-hostess air-stewardess fasten your seat-belt parachute captain pilote emergency turbulence
11) Office
boss job applicant candidate interview type a letter credentials experience vacation resume qualification import export reputation income vacancy sales representative ability salary post/position get a raise
12) Customs House
Do you have anything to declare? allowance overweight fine visa passport luggage
13) Court
judge My Lord Your Honor lawyer jury
witness
14) Taxi
urgent drivers license accident road sign intersaction
miles per hour in good mechanical traffic lights heavy traffic
downtown area exceed the speed limit
15) House to Let
landlord landlady rent apartment lease radiator furnished unfurnished utilities blackout
以上列舉了15組重要對(duì)話語境下的系列相關(guān)詞,考生要把它們視作是詞匯中的重點(diǎn),應(yīng)引起特別的注意。在記憶這些“關(guān)鍵詞”的過程當(dāng)中,考生應(yīng)以“地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景——人物關(guān)系——相關(guān)詞”的順序依次進(jìn)行專門記憶。這樣可以充分提高語境意識(shí)和反應(yīng)能力,達(dá)到一步推理到位的效果。
Example 2:
M: How many hours are you taking this semester?
W: Eighteen, plus two at the lab.
Q: Where does this conversation most probaly take place?
A) At an office. B) In a university.
C) At a supermarket. D) In a restaurant.
解析:選B。對(duì)話主題是選課,即第一個(gè)人所問到的“每學(xué)期選多少課時(shí)的課”,第二個(gè)人給出了具體的數(shù)字。本題并不是要求做加減運(yùn)算,而是推理對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)了hour,semester和lab這三個(gè)詞語,歸屬于上述分類的第二組詞群,與學(xué)校內(nèi)容相關(guān),故選B。
當(dāng)然,以上總結(jié)并非面面俱到,做題時(shí)可能還會(huì)遇到其他的對(duì)話場(chǎng)景,例如電影院、商店、洗衣店等。這些具體情況需要考生具體分析,及時(shí)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),熟悉了這些關(guān)鍵詞后,就可以迅速、有效地解答英語四級(jí)聽力中的地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景題了。
參考文獻(xiàn):
1、郝向利,騰京.大學(xué)英語綜合訓(xùn)練教程[M].中國(guó)出版集團(tuán)現(xiàn)代教育出版社2010:21-39